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,X Hstockman/Book/2002/Chapters/ch3.pdf · 2000-08-27 · ,X H ... 5' " !

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Page 1: ,X Hstockman/Book/2002/Chapters/ch3.pdf · 2000-08-27 · ,X H ... 5' " !

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Page 2: ,X Hstockman/Book/2002/Chapters/ch3.pdf · 2000-08-27 · ,X H ... 5' " !

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�� �M�� T ½JO����� �M � O�T � M ��T ½JO M ¼+d ¼+½�O|�;<?@Gp;<#:;�?U;A%59`XZ%89A(+. �� %MT½JO�� � MT½�Ozd

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� %M �xT ½JO���� 1M�� O � �M�� O�T M �xT ½�O � M ��T ½JO

� M��xT ½JO M ¼+d ¼$Z$O|�;<?@GI?@G+.�;A#+;<?@;>%89`XZ%59<(+. � MQ(NO��V( �^w6;A#:%59<9AP5C)4b0U25*E]Q�/dxM ¼:d Z � O]|].!G:%qXN.

� � M�� T ½JO�� � ?�� M�� T ½JO � M ��T ½�O½j? �� %M �xT ½�O M ¼+d ¼5¼NO�O(+?@25*W%8?@;>=-?UG+0U.DB@G+259>J)kr�:#:JE;A#+[i%89A[52N0@;<?@G+*WBS25#:9<P|K250UY|K.19A9o|�G+.1#f?UG+.W;<*W%5[5.DB�?U2i,^.M?UG+0@._BFG+k259>JE._JuB@%8?@;>BT4bPS?UG+.1;A0t%NB@B@(+*M7E?U;<2N#:B6%5,^2N(E?a?UG+.3JE;ABF?@0U;A,+(E?@;A25#-284+?UG+.][N0U%qPckr?@2N#+.oXZ%89A(+.DBa2ZX5.10a?@G+.K;A*M%5[5.Nde3G+.���?UB@(R%8(E?U25*W%Z?U;A=O?@G+0U.DB@G+2N9AJM�^#:JE.103%5BUB@(+*M.DBQ%-,+;A*l2EJ+%59/J+;ABF?@0U;<,:(E?@;A25#h254`[50H%qPck­?U25#+.�XZ%89A(+._B1d\"�4?@G:.l;A*W%8[N.M%57+7+0U2qmE;<*W%Z?U.19API�+?UBS?UG+;AB�=125#:BF?@0H%8;A#c?DC`;<?�|�;<9A9�JE2i%I[52)2EJWyT2N,`d'"�4K?@G:.l;A*W%8[N.';>B!#+28?u%8?

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wt;<[N(+0U.S¼:d Z���&o� [50H%qPNkr?@2N#+.�;A*W%8[N.S%5#:Jh?UG+.!7+;<m).D9AB3,/.19A2Z|¤%5#:JI%8,/2ZX5.O?UG+.!?@G:0@._BFG+2N9AJR284 � ¼ M B@G+2Z|�#;A#I|�G:;�?U.JO]4b25(:#:JI,cPh?@G+.'��?HBF(i%8(+?@25*W%8?@;>=�?UG+0U.DB@G+259>JE;A#+[M257/.10H%Z?@2N0Dd

%89A9o,+;A*M2)J:%89rC`?@G:.W0@._BF(+9<?UB�%[email protected]#+25?!9A;AY5.19APi?U2i,^.M(:[email protected](+9rdhwt;<[N(+0U.M¼:d Z��&;A9A9<(:BF?@0H%Z?U.DBS?UG+.h%87+7:9<;>=1%8?@;A25#284t?@G:.l��?UB@(p257/.10H%Z?@2N03?@2M?UG+.u[50H%qPck­?U25#+.S;A*M%5[5.!284oB@25*M.!?@2ZP&,+9<2E=HYEB�B@G+2Z|�#p;<#%NOzdQe3G+.-257/.10H%[email protected]?@(:0@#+._JR%'?@G:0@._BFG+2N9AJR284 � ¼-4b0@2N*�?@G+.�7/2NBUBF;A,+9A.�0H%8#:[5.S284s('?@2RZ � d\e3G+.!7+;<mE.19>B],/.19A2Z|¤%5#:JR%5,^2ZXN.?@G:.�?UG+0U.DB@G+259>JR%50@.!BFG:2Z|�#R;A#R,aO3%5#:JR=JOzCE0U.DB@7^._=z?@;AX5.D9<PNdQ��#+9<PM?UG+.!X5.D0@PhJ+%[email protected][N;<2N#:BQ254a?UG+.!;<*W%8[N.G:%qXN.�,/.1.D#I;>B@259>%Z?@._J�d"�4K?@G+.W[N0U%qPckr?@25#:.'XZ%89A(+._B!284�%8#s;<*W%5[5.W%80U.WBT?U0@2N#+[59APJE.17/.1#^JE.1#c?-2N#j?UG+.W9A2)=D%Z?U;<2N#j|�;<?@G+;A#s?@G:.;A*M%5[5.NCa4b2N0u.Lm+%8*M7+9A.W9A;<[NGN?U.10u;A#s?@G:.h(+7+7/.10'9<.14 ?l=L2N0@#:.10u%8#^J�J+%80UY5.D0S;A#s?@G:.R9A2Z|].D0�0@;A[5Gc?DCa?@G+.D#v;<?*W%qP&,/.-*[email protected]%57+7+0U257+0U;>%Z?@.!?U2h(:[email protected]=1%896;<#^BT?U.D%5Jp254�[59A25,:%59�?@G:0@._BFG+2N9AJ:B1dOe3G+;>B�;AJE._%W;>B�B@25*M.L?U;<*M.DB=1%59<9A.DJj´%9Z³/¶�y'¹ «]?UG+0U.DB@G+259>JE;A#+[:d\"$#&B@25*M.S%87+7+9A;>=1%Z?U;<2N#:BDC5?UG+.S%57+7+0U2qmE;<*W%Z?U.�B@G:%87/.DBK%8#:J&BF;An1._BQ254`?@G:.25,+yT.D=z?HB�?U2h,^.u4b25(+#:Jx%80U.�Yc#:2Z|�#i;<#%NJEXZ%8#:=1.5d3"$#p?@G+;>BS=1%[email protected]%M?U.D=HG+#+;>�c(+.-=D%89A9<._Jx·Z³V¯1z3ª<©H´1±c©FGFµH¶Z¨L©H´?@G:0@._BFG+2N9AJ+;<#+[^C)|�G+;A=HG&.1XZ%89A(:%[email protected]]?UG+.�0U.DB@(+9<?U%5#N?30U.1[5;A25#^B]%5#:JR=HG+2)2cBF._B�?UG+.�?UG+0U.DB@G+259>JW?UG:%Z?�7+0U2ZX);AJE._B?@G:.&,/.DBF?l0U.DB@(+9<?UBDCQ=1%5#v,/.&.D*l7:9<2ZPN.DJ�d�wt;<#^%89A9<PNCQBF2N*M.R;A*M%5[5._B-%80U.uyT(^BT?W#+25?-?@G:0@._BFG+2N9AJ:%8,+9A.5C�%5#:J%89<[email protected]@#^%[email protected]?U.D=HG+#+;>�c(+.DB3*'(:BF?O,^.�(:[email protected]?@2M�^#:J&?@G+.�2N,EyT.D=L?UB3;A#&?UG+.1*pd

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�W��� �{���5�O£o��� ���O�[email protected]%80U.]%�#)(+*-,/.10\284/JE;|{V.10U.1#c?o%89A[52N0@;<?@G+*WBa4b250t?@G:.K=125#+#+._=z?U.DJ-=125*M7/25#+.D#N?HBt9A%5,^.D9<;A#+[S257/.10H%Z?@;A25#aC.D%N=HGWJE.DB@;<[N#+.DJ'?U2-%5J+J+0@._B@Bo%�=1.10@?U%8;A#l?U%NBFYVd\e6%5#+;<*M25?@2RMT½ � � ($O\%5BUB@(+*M.DBt?@G^%Z?�?UG+.O.1#c?U;<0U.O;A*M%5[5.�=1%5#�+?!;<#x*l.D*M250UPp%5#:Ji.D*l7:9<2ZPEB�%&BF;A*M7+9A.5CV0@._=L(+0HB@;<XN.-%89A[52N0@;<?@G+* ?@G^%Z?!|]2N0@YEB�2N#25#+.l=L2N*l7/25#:.1#c?S%8?%'?@;A*M.5C:,:(E?�=1%5#I*M2ZXN.S%59<9`2ZXN.10K?@G:.�;<*W%8[N.5d]��?UG+.10O%59<[N250U;�?UG+*WB3|].D0@.�JE._BF;A[5#+._Jh4b2N0�9A%50@[N.103;A*M%5[5._B?@G^%Z?�*W%qPI#+28?��+?�;A#*M.1*M250UPp%8#:Jp|K250UYR2N#i25#+9APR?T|K2h0U2Z|OB�284o?UG+.-;A*W%8[N.u%Z?S%W?@;A*l.Nd >�2cBF.D#E4b.19>J%8#^J �o4 %59<n MT½ �5¾5¾ OoJE.DX5.19A257/.DJW?@G+.S?T|K28k�7:%5BUB�%89A[52N0@;<?@G:*~?UG:%Z?3(:[email protected]%-[N9<2N,:%89^.D�c(+;AXZ%89A.1#:=1.�?H%8,+9A.�%5#:J;>BuBF2N*M.L?@;A*M.DBu=D%89A9<._Jj?@G+.�� =L9>%5BUB@;A=D%89f)`=L25#:#[email protected]=125*M7^2N#+.1#c?HBu%89A[52N0@;<?@G+*pd �a(+*M;A%:C ^ G^%87+;A0@2^C6%5#:J�/(+#:;<[c%BMT½ � 5¼NO3JE.1XN.19A257/.DJi%8#:28?@G:.10�?T|K28k�7:%5BUB�%89A[52N0@;<?@G:*�?@G^%Z?�(:[email protected]�%W9A2)=D%89`._�c(+;<XZ%59<.D#:=L.�?H%8,+9A.�?U2%qX52N;AJf7:%5[5;A#+[i7+0U25,+9A.1*WBDd " %5#+;<.D9ABUB@25#�%8#:J�et%8#:;<*M28?U27MT½ � N¼$O!JE._BF;A[5#+._Js%8#v%89A[52N0@;<?@G:* 4b250'*W%5BFkB@;<XN.19AP-7:%50U%59<9A.19+*W%N=HG+;<#:.DB\?UG:%Z?K(:BF._B�%�7:%50U%59<9A.19E7:0@2N7:%8[c%Z?@;A25#MBF?@0H%[email protected][5PNdt��#cPM%89A[52N0@;<?@G:*MBt?UG:%Z?KY5.D.17?@0H%5=HYl2846.D�c(+;AXq%59<.D#:=L._BQ=D%8#h(:B@.�?@G+.�(+#+;A25#Ekr�:#:J&J+%Z?H%-BF?@0U(:=z?U(+0@. M et%80­yF%8#`C/½ � � Ot?@2'.��h=L;A.1#c?@9APM7^.D0Fk

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