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Sekolah BerasramaPenuh
201
3
X A-
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X A-PLUS MODULE SBP PHYSICS 2013 : PHYSICS 2
SE$IO! O!$E!$ PA%E
A&S'ILL(
SE$IO! I " PHYSIS O!EP$ ) LA* ) +ULE ) P+I!IPLE
SE$IO! II " O!EP$UALI,A$IO!
Pa.er 2 Se/on B
SE$IO! III " U!DE+S$A!DI!% Pa.er 2 & Se/on B an (
SE$IO! I4 " P+OBLEM SOL4I!% &5UALI$A$I4E( Pa.er 2 Se/on A &no#6( 7 Se/on B &no#8)10(
SE$IO! 4 " P+OBLEM SOL4I!% &5UA!$I$A$I4E( Pa.er 2 Se/on &no#11 7 12(
SE$IO! 4I " DEISIO! MA'I!% Pa.er 2 Se/on &no#11 ) 12(
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PHYSIS X A-PLUS 2012 PA!ELS
?E!!Y$A B$ !OO+BI (Head Of Panels)
SMS Tuanku Munawir
'AMA+IAH B$ MOHD A+SHAD
Th Ma!a" C#!!$ %ua!a %an$&ar
!I' S+I +AHAYU B$ !I' A+I::I!
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SBPI Ba)u *aki)
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PHYSIS $OPIS &X A-Plus 2013 MODULE(
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X A-PLUS MODULE SBP PHYSICS 2013 : PHYSICS 3
!o
Skll ) %rou.
on/e.ual Unersann@ 5ualae 5ualaeDe/son
1# Force Motion Force Motion Intro Physics Force Motion Intro Physics Force Motion
2# Force Motion Force Motion Force Motion Force Motion Force Motion Force Motion
3# Force Motion Force Motion Force Motion Force Motion Force Motion Force Motion
9# Force Pressure Force Motion Force Motion Force MotionForcePressure
Force Pressure
;# Force Pressure Force Motion Force PressureForcePressure
ForcePressure
Force Pressure
=# Force Pressure Force Pressure HeatForcePressure
ForcePressure
Force Pressure
6# Force Pressure Force Pressure HeatForcePressure
ForcePressure
Heat
># Force Pressure Force Pressure HeatForcePressure
ForcePressure
Heat
8# Heat Force Pressure Light HeatForce
PressureHeat
10# Heat Heat Wave Heat Heat Heat
11# Light Heat Electricity Light Heat Heat
12# Light Heat Electromagnet Light Heat Light
13# Light Light Electronic Light Heat Light
19# Wave Light Electronic Light Light Wave
1;# Wave Wave Radioactivity Wave Light Wave
1=# Wave Wave Electricity Wave Electricity
16# Electricity Wave Electricity Wave Electricity
1># Electricity ElectricityElectromagnet
ElectricityElectromagnet
18# Electromagnet ElectricityElectromagnet
Electromagnet
Electromagnet
20# Electromagnet ElectromagnetElectromagnet
Electronic Electronic
21# Electronic ElectromagnetElectromagnet
Electronic
22# Electronic Electromagnet Electronic Radioactivity
23# Electronic Electromagnet Electronic Radioactivity
29# Electronic Electromagnet Electronic
2;# Radioactivity Electronic Electronic
2=# Electronic Radioactivity
26# Electronic Radioactivity
2># Electronic
28# Radioactivity
30# Radioactivity
31# Radioactivity
SE$IO! I -PHYSIS O!EP$ A!D DE:I!I$IO!
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X A-PLUS MODULE SBP PHYSICS 2013 : PHYSICS )
What is !e"nition
#) ;ravitational0cceleration
+he acceleration o, o&ects due to gravity ,alling,ree
#/;ravitational Field
+he gravitational "eld is the region around theearth in -hich an o&ect e6.erience a ,orce due togravitational attraction
#1
Resultant Force et Force
Resultant ,orce is a single ,orce that re.resents thecom&ined e=ect o, t-o or more ,orces inmagnitude and direction
#7
>n&alanced Forces
When the ,orces acting on an o&ect is not&alanced: there must &e a net,orceun&alancedresultant ,orce acting on it
>n&alanced ,orces .roduce an acceleration to theo&ect
#8
Forces in E$uili&rium Balanced Forces
+he o&ect is said to &e in a state o, e$uili&rium-hen the resulting ,orce acting on the o&ect is?ero @ no net ,orce acting u.on itA
When the e$uili&rium is reached: then the o&ect isin t-o states: that is@iA remains stationary @i, the o&ect isstationaryA@iiA moves at a constant velocity @ i, the o&ect is
movingA ?ero acceleration
29e-ton5s +hird La- o,
Motione-ton5s third la- o, motion states that: +o everyaction there is an e$ual &ut o..osite direction
2#
WorWor is de"ned as the .roduct o, the a..lied ,orce:F on the o&ect and its dis.lacement: s in thedirection o, the a..lied ,orce
22Energy
Energy is the a&ility to do -or@Wor done is e$ual to the amount o, energytrans,erred
23;ravitational Potential
Energy
+he ;ravitational .otential energy o, an o&ect is
the energy stored in the o&ect due to its .ositionin a ,orce "eld
24
Cinetic EnergyCinetic energy is the energy .ossessed &y an
o&ect due to its motion
2)Princi.le o, *onservation
o, EnergyPrinci.le o, *onservation o, Energy states that
2/Po-er Po-er is the amount o, -or done .er second
21EDciency
EDciency o, a device is the .ercentage o, theenergy in.ut that is trans,erred into use,ul energy
27
ElasticityElasticity is the .ro.erty o, a su&stance -hichena&les it to return to original sha.e a,ter ana..lied e6ternal ,orce is removed
28
Elastic Limit
Elastic limit o, a s.ring is de"ned as the ma6imum,orce that can &e a..lied to a s.ring such that the
s.ring -ill &e a&le to restored to its original length-hen the ,orce is removed
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X A-PLUS MODULE SBP PHYSICS 2013 : PHYSICS /
What is !e"nition
39
Hooe5s La-Hooe5s La- states that the e6tension o, a s.ringis directly .ro.ortional to the a..lied ,orce.rovided that the elastic limit is not e6ceeded
3#
'.ring *onstant Force *onstant
0 s.ring constant o, a s.ring is the ,orce that is
re$uired to .roduce one unit o, e6tension o, thes.ring@measure o, the sti=ness o, the s.ringA
32
Elastic Potential EnergyElastic Potential Energy is the energy stored in as.ring -hen it is e6tended or com.ressed
ha.er 3" :or/e an Pressure
What is !e"nition
#
PressurePressure is de"ned as the ,orce acting normally on a unito, sur,ace area
20tmos.heric Pressure
+he 0tmos.heric .ressure is caused &y the the -eight o,the air on the Earth5s sur,ace
3;as Pressure
;as .ressure is the ,orce .er unit area e6erted &y thegas molecules as they collide -ith the -alls o, theircontainer
4
Pascal5s Princi.lePascal5s .rinci.le states that -hen .ressure is a..lied toan enclosed uid: the .ressure -ill &e transmittede$ually throughout the -hole enclosed uid
)Bouyant Force
Bouyant Force is an u.-ard ,orce resulting ,rom an o&ect&eing -holly or .artially immersed in a uid
/
0rchimedes5 Princi.le0rchimedes5 Princi.le states that: When an o&ect isimmersed in a uid: the &uoyant ,orce on the o&ect ise$ual in si?e to the -eight o, uid dis.laced &y the o&ect
1Bernoulli5s Princi.le
Bernoulli5s .rinci.lestatesthat the .ressure o, a movingli$uid decreases as the s.eed o, the uid increases andvice versa
ha.er 9" Hea
What is !e"nition
# +em.erature
+em.erature is the degree o, hotness o, an o&ect 0mount o, inetic energy in an o&ect
2 Heat Heat is the energy tran,erred ,rom hot to cold o&ect
3
+hermal E$uili&rium
+-o o&ects are said to &e in thermal e$uili&rium -henGiA +he rates o, heat tans,er &et-een the o&ects
are e$ual @net o- o, heat &et-een the t-oo&ects is ?eroA
iiA +he o&ects have the same tem.erature
4
+hermometric Pro.erty +hermometric Pro.erty is the .hysical .ro.erty o, asu&stance -hich is sensitive and varies linearly -ithchanges in tem.erature o, the material
) Ice Point @Lo-er "6ed .ontA Ice .oint is the tem.erature o, .ure melting ice
/ 'team Point @>..er "6ed.ointA
'team .oint is the tem.erature o, steam ,rom -ater thatis &oiling under standard atmos.heric .ressure
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X A-PLUS MODULE SBP PHYSICS 2013 : PHYSICS 1
1Heat *a.acity
Heat ca.acity o, a &ody is the amount o, heat that must&e su..lied to increase its tem.erature &y # o*
7
'.eci"c Heat *a.acity'.eci"c Heat *a.acity o, a su&stance is the amount o,heat that must &e su..lied to increase the tem.erature&y # o* ,or a mass o, # g o, the su&stance
8Latent Heat
Latent heat is the heat a&sor&ed or heat released at aconstant tem.erature during a change o, .hase
#9
'.eci"c Latent Heat'.eci"c Latent Heat o, a su&stance is the amount o, heatre$uired to change the .hase o, # g o, the su&stance ata constant tem.erature
##
'.esi"c Latent Heat o, Fusion'.esi"c Latent Heat o, Fusion is the amount o, heatre$uired to change the .hase o, # g o, the su&stance,rom solid to li$uid .hase at a constant tem.erature
#2'.esi"c Latent Heat o,
(a.orisation
'.esi"c Latent Heat o, Fusion is the amount o, heat
re$uired to change the .hase o, # g o, the su&stance,rom li$uid to gaseous .hase at a constant tem.erature
#3
Boyle5s La-Boyle5s La- states that ,or a "6ed mass o, gas: the.ressure o, the gas is inversely .ro.ortional to its volume-hen the tem.erature is e.t constant
#4
*harles5 La-*harles5 La- states that ,or a "6ed mass o, gas: thevolume o, the gas is directly .ro.ortional to its a&solutetem.erature -hen its .ressure is e.t constant
#)
Pressure La-Pressure La- states that ,or a "6ed mass o, gas: the.ressure o, the gas is directly .ro.ortional to itsa&solutev tem.erature -hen the volume is e.t constant
ha.er ;" L@h
What is !e"nition
# La- o, Reection
0Incident rayormalBReected rayi 0ngle o, incidence r 0ngle o, reection
i +he incident ray: the reected ray and the normal all liein the same .lane
ii +he anle o, incidence i: is e$ual to the angle o,
reection: r
2 Reection &y a concave mirrorParallel rays that strie the sur,ace o, a concave mirror-ill &e reected and converge at the ,ocal .oint: Foutside the mirror
3 *entre o, curvature: * o, a curved mirror is the centre
o, the s.here o, the mirror
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X A-PLUS MODULE SBP PHYSICS 2013 : PHYSICS 7
4
Radius o, curvature R is the distance &et-een the thecentre o, curvature: * and the .ole o, the mirror
)
Focal .oint is the .oint -here .arallel rays that striethe sur,ace o, a concave mirror -ill &e reected andconverge at the ,ocal .oint
/
Re,raction o, light
Re,raction o, light is a light .henomenon -hich occurs-hen light .asses through t-o materials o, di=erento.tical densities: -ill change direction at the &oundary&et-een them
1 Re,ractive Inde6 Re,ractive Inde6: n o, the medium is de"ned as the ratioo, the s.eed o, light in vacuum to the s.eed i, light inthe medium
7
La- o, Re,raction and 'nell5sLa-
i +he incident ray: the re,racted ray and the normal all liein the same .lane
ii +he value o, sin i is a constant @'nell5s La-A sin r
8*ritical 0ngle
*ritical angle is the angle o, incidence in an o.ticallymore dense medium -hich results in angle o, re,ractiono, 89o in an o.tically less dense
#9
+otal Internal Reection
+he Internal Reection o, light is the .henomenon -henthe angle o, incidence is greater than the critical angleand the light not re,racted anymore &ut internallyreected
+he conditions ,or the occurrence o, total internalreection
@#A +he light ray must &e travel ,rom an o.ticallydenser medium to less dense medium
@2A +he angle o, incidence must &e greater thanthe critical angle
ha.er =" *aes
What is !e"nition
# Waves Waves are carriers o, energy +hey trans,er energy ,romone location to another
2
Longitudinal WaveLongitudinal Wave is a -ave in -hich the vi&ration o,.articles in the medium is .arallel to the direction o, the.ro.agation o, the -ave
3
+ransverse Wave +ransverse Wave is a -ave in -hich the vi&ration o,.articles in the medium is .er.endicular to the directiono, .ro.agation o, the -ave
4Wave,ront In -aves: lines oining all the .oints o, the same .hase
)Wavelength
Wavelength o, a -ave is the distance &et-een t-oadacent .oints o, the same .hase on a -ave
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X A-PLUS MODULE SBP PHYSICS 2013 : PHYSICS 8
What is !e"nition
/0m.litude
0m.litude is the ma6imum dis.lacement ,rom itse$uili&rium .osition
1Fre$uency
Fre$uency o, a -ave is the num&er o, -aves .roduced &ya source in one second
7Wave s.eed
+he s.eed o, the -ave is the measurement o, ho- ,ast acrest is moving ,rom its "6ed .oint
8Period
+he .eriod o, a -ave is the time taen ,or an oscillationto com.lete one cycle
#9Forced scillation
Forced scillation is the e6ternal ,orce su..lies energy tothe system
##atural Fre$uency
atural Fre$uency is the ,re$uency o, a system -hichoscillate ,reely -ithout the action o, an e6ternal ,orce
#2
ResonanceResonance occurs -hen a system is made to oscillate ata ,re$uency e$uivalent to its natural ,re$uency &y ane6ternal ,orce
#3
!i=raction!i=raction o, -aves is the s.reading o, -aves aroundcorners and edges as -aves .ass through an o.ening oraround an o&stacle along their .aths
#4*oherent Waves
*oherent Waves are -aves that have same ,re$uencyand -avelength and in .hase
#)Monochromatic Light Monochromatic Light is light -ith one colour-avelength
#/
Princi.le o, 'u.er.osition o,Waves
Princi.le o, 'u.er.osition states that -hen t-o -avesinter,ered: the resulting dis.lacement o, the medium atany .oint is the alge&raic sum o, the dis.lacements o,the individual -aves
#1*onstructive inter,erence
*onstructive inter,erence occurs -hen a crest meetsacrest and -hen a trough meets a trough
#7!estructive inter,erence
!estructive inter,erence occurs -hen crests suoer.osed-ith troughs
#8
0ntinodal lines
0ntinodal lines are lines oining .laces o, constructive
inter,erence
29odal lines
odal lines are line oining the .laces o, destructiveinter,erence
ha.er 6" Ele/r/C
What is !e"nition
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X A-PLUS MODULE SBP PHYSICS 2013 : PHYSICS #9
#Electric Field
Electric "eld is a region around a charged o&ect -hichany other charged &ody e6.erience a ,orce
2
Potential !i=erencePotential !i=erence: ( &et-een t-o .oints in a circuit isde"ned as the amount o, -or done -hen a coulom& o,charge .asses ,rom one .oint to the other .oint
3
hm5s La-
hm5s La- states that the current that .asses throughan ohmic conductor is directly .ro.ortional to the.otential di=erence a..lied accross it i, the tem.eratureand other .hysical conditions are constant
4Resistance
Resistance: R o, a conductor is the ratio o, the .otentialdi=erence: ( to the current: I
)Electromotive Force @em,A
Electromotive Force @em,A is de"ned as the -or done&y the source to move a coulom& o, charge around acom.lete circuit
/ Internal Resistance +he internal resistance :r is the resistance -ithin a celldue to its electrolyte and electrodes or source o,electricity
ha.er >" Ele/roma@nesm
What is !e"nition
#
Ferromagnetic materialsFerromagnetic materials are the materials attracted tothe magnet +he e6am.les o, the ,erromagnetic materialssuch as iron: nicel and co&alt
2
Electromagnet0n electromagnet is a device in -hich magnetism is.roduced &y an electric current
0n electromagnet acts as a tem.orary magnet
3
Magnetic "eld0 magnetic "eld is a region in -hich a magnetic materiale6.eriences a ,orce as the result o, the .resent o, amagnet or a electromagnet
4
+he right
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X A-PLUS MODULE SBP PHYSICS 2013 : PHYSICS ##
What is !e"nition
/
*ata.ult Field@Resultant "eldA
*ata.ult "eld are the com&inations "eld &et-een@aA the magnetic "eld .roduced &y the current and
magnetic "eld o, the .ermanent magnetoccurred
r@&A the magnetic "eld .roduced &y t-o current K
carrying conductors are .laced close to eachother
1
Electromagnetic induction
Electromagnetic induction is the .roduction o, inducedcurrent or induced em, -ithout using the .o-ersu..lies &ut using the relative motion &et-een aconductor or a magnet
7
Faraday5s la-
Faraday5s la- state that +he magnitude o, the inducedcurrent or induced em, is directly .ro.ortional to therate o, change o, magnetic u6 linage -ith the solenoidor the rate at -hich a conductor cuts through themagnetic u6J
8
Len?5s la-Len?5s la- state thatJ +he direction o, an inducedcurrent al-ays o-s in such as a direction so to o..osethe change -hich is causing itJ
#9
Fleming5s Right
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ha.er 8" Ele/ron/s
What is !e"nition
#
+hermionic Emission
+he emission o, electrons ,rom the sur,ace o, a heatedmetal or heated metal cathode
+he thermionic emission is a &it lie electrons &eingeva.orated o= ,rom the hot -ire
2 *athode Ray *athode ray is a narro- &eam o, a ,ast electronsmoving in a vacuum
3'emiconductor Materials
'emiconductors are materials -hich conductelectricity &etter than insulator: &ut no so -ell asordinary conductors
4!o.ing
!o.ing is a .rocess o, adding a small amount o,im.urities into the .ure crystal o, semiconductor@intrinsic semiconductorA
)
Recti"er
0 recti"er converts alternating current@acA into directcurrent@dcA
+he .rocess o, converting ac to dc is calledrecti"cation
/ +ransistor
0 transistor is a semiconductor device ca.a&le o,am.li"cation in addition to recti"cation
1Logic ;ate
0n electronic circuit -ith a single out.ut and one ormore in.uts
ha.er 10" +aoa/C
What is !e"nition
#
Radioisoto.e
Radioisoto.es are unsta&le isoto.es -hich decay and
give out radioactive emissions
2
Radioactivity
Radioactivity is the s.ontaneous disintegration o, anunsta&le nucleus into a more sta&le nucleusaccom.anied &y the emission o, energetic .articles@radioactive raysA or .hotons
3< .articles
Helium nucleus or
He4
2
4< .articles
Fast moving electrons or
e0
1−
)γ
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1# Pro&lem 'olving @%uantitativeA Kthe ans-er giveni ,*ACTIO ,O*Mii wi)h#u) UIT
2# *areless mistaesE6am.le *onvert minute into hour < 39 minutes 39 6 /9 #799 hours
3# *once.tual $uestioni ;iving the reason
E.$. : Th h#ri'#n)a! /i&)an+ # )h wa)r &ur)in$ #u) in Dia$ra
45 i& $ra)r 4+au&.....ii ;iving the 6a!u -hen com.aring t-o situations
E.$. Th 4#i!in$ #in)& # wa)r i& 100#C whra& )h 4#i!in$ #in)# )h"!a)/ &iri) i& 70#C
9# >nderstanding %uestion < #) &"&)a)i+ in e6.lanation;# E6.lanation wi)h#u) /ia$ra 8 &"4#! 8 #ru!a 8 $rah=# >se the reason $i6n in )h 9u&)i#n6# Light to.icG !ra- the ray diagram -ithout arr#w ># *annot distinguish &et-een Physical %uantity: Physics Instrument and Physics
>nitE6am.les
Physical %uantity Physical $uantity measured Physics >nit and sym&ol
'to. -atchvoltmeter
thermometer
Bourdon gauge
0mmeter
*entimeter
8# Wrong Physics +erm !e"nition *once.t @Base on 'BP Physics +rial E6amsA
E;a!&:
+erms *ommon Mistae *orrect 0ns-er
a
+he ty.e o, energy-hen the o&ect is atPN
Potential energyPotential Energy
& Pressure
Force acting on sur,acearea
Forcearea
0 .roduct o, de.th:density and gravitationalacceleration
,orceacting on o,sur,ace area
c Pascal5s .rinci.leIn a close container:,orce is transmittede$ually
In a closecontainer
d Latent heat o,
va.ori?ationHeat a&sor&ed to change&y #o*
Heat a&sor&ed tochange o, li$uidto gas-ithout
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+erms *ommon Mistae *orrect 0ns-er
e +em.erature
+rans,er ,rom hot &ody to
cold &ody
, Physics .henomena ina .rismN
Reection
g *ritical angle
*ritical angle is -hen there,racted angle is 89o
*ritical angle is theincident angle -hen thereected angle is 89o
*ritical angle isthe in rmedium -hich .roduces-henthe anglein medium is
h (irtual image +he image that ,ormed&ehind the lens
+he imagethat
i Monochromatic light 0 colour o, one light
+he lightthat
0m.litudeMa6imum .oint o, thehighest dis.lacement
OOOOOOOOOO o, any.articleoscillating system,rom itsOOOOOOOOOOOOO
Period ne com.lete oscillation +he OOOOOOOOOO ,orany .article to mae OOOOOOOOOOoscillation
l'.eci"cation249 (: #999 W
#999 W o, energy issu..lied -hen the .o-ersu..lied is 249 (
-hen connected toa o,
electromagnet When the current o-through magnetIs a com&ination o,electric and magnetic"eld
0 -hichcan.roduce -hen
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-ater
+erms *ommon Mistae *orrect 0ns-er
Beta .articles egative chargeelectron
B Misconce.tians
E;a!&:um
Misconce.tions*orrection
#il is used in hydraulic ac &ecause it has higher &oiling .oint
2'nell5s la- state that
+he sine o, incident angle
Re,ractive inde6 +he sine o,
re,racted angle
3
*ontainer 0 *ontainer B
+he ,orce e6erted at Q the ,orce e6erted at &ecause smaller sur,ace area @P F 0A
4 +o increase the eDciency o, acdc ;EER0+R
< >se more num&er o, turns to .roduce stronger magnetic "eld
)
+he shi. can oat in sea -ater &ecause th 4u#"an) #r+ i& 4i$$r )han )h wi$h) # )h&hi
* Pa.er 3
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SE$IO! II " O!EP$UALI,A$IO! Pa.er 2 Se/on B
5ueson 1 :or/es an Moon!iagram ## sho-s a stationary cannon on a smooth sur,ace!iagram #2 sho-s the cannon and the cannon&all a,ter the cannon has &een "red &yremote control
!iagram ##
!iagram #2
'tate the total momentum o, the cannon and the cannon&all in !iagram ##
>sing !iagram ## and !iagram #2: com.are the total momentum &e,ore and a,ter thecannon is "red >sing !iagram #2: com.are the magnitude and direction o, the momentumo, the cannon and cannon&all ame the .hysics .rinci.le that can &e a..lied to the motiono, the cannon and cannon&all
) ark& N5ueson 2 :or/es an Moon!iagram 2# sho-s the e=ect o, a man ,alls ,rom a high .osition to the ground -ithouto.ening the .arachute!iagram 22 sho-s a man -ith the same mass ,alls ,rom the same height -hen the .arachute iso.en
!iagram 2# !iagram 22
Based on !iagram 2# and !iagram 22: com.are the acceleration: the air resistance and thetime to ,allRelate the acceleration -ith the@iA 0ir resistance@iiA Falling time
) ark& N5ueson 3 :or/es an Moon
!iagram 3# and !iagram 32 sho- the ru&&er o, *ata.ult 0 and *ata.ult B is .ulled &ye6tension 6# and 62 to slingshot a stone
Be,ore 0,ter
!iagram 3#Be,ore 0,ter
*annon&all moves at high s.eed*annon recoils at lo-er s.eed
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!iagram 32
@aA Based on !iagram 3# and !iagram 32: com.are the thicness o, the ru&&er used:the distance travelled &y stone and the energy o, cata.ultsRelate the thicness o, the ru&&er and the energy o, cata.ultsRelate the thicness o, ru&&er and distance o, the stone travelled
) marsN@&A Based on !iagram 33 and !iagram 34: com.are the distance travelled &y the stone
and the e6tension o, the ru&&er:@0ssume the mass o, the stone is the sameA
2 marsN@cA 'tate the energy change and deduce a relevant .hysics conce.t
2 marsN
5ueson 9 :or/es an Pressure
!iagram 4# and !iagram 42 sho- t-o identical thistle ,unnels are covered -ith ru&&ersheets: immersed in measuring cylinders "lled -ith li$uid P -hich density is 97 g cm
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!iagram )
Based on !iagram ): com.are the altitude &et-een mountain .ea and ,oothill: the atmos.heric.ressure at mountain .ea and ,oothill and density o, air &et-een the t-o altitudes'tate the relationshi. &et-een the altitude and the atmos.heric .ressureHence: deduce a relationshi. &et-een the atmos.heric .ressure and density o, air ) marsN5ueson = :or/es an Pressure!iagram /# and !iagram /2 sho- t-o identical glass tu&e "lled -ith di=erent num&er o, leadshots oats in the -ater +he glass tu&e oats &ecause the net ,orce acting on the glass tu&e is
?ero
!iagram /# !iagram /2
Based on !iagram /# and !iagram /2: com.are the volume o, -ater dis.laced &y the glasstu&e: the -eight o, the glass tu&e "lled -ith lead shots and the &uoyant ,orce acted on theglass tu&e "lled -ith lead shotsRelate the volume o, -ater dis.laced and the &uoyant ,orce to deduce a relevant .hysicsconce.t
) ark&N
5ueson 6 :or/es an Pressure!iagram 1# and !iagram 12 sho- t-o identical &all is di..ed into oil and -ater se.arately
+he &all immersed at di=erent levels in the t-o li$uids +he density o, the oil is 899 g m
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>sing !iagram 7# and !iagram 72:com.are the cross sectional area o, the no??les: and thedistance &et-een the t-o streams o, -ater: 6# and 62 Relate the cross sectional area o, the no??le -ith the s.eed o, the air at the no??leRelate the air .ressure -ith the distance: 6 in &et-een t-o streams o, -ater!educe the relationshi. &et-een the s.eed o, air -ith the air .ressure ) marsN5ueson 8 Hea!iagram 8# and !iagram 82 sho- t-o identical .olystyrene glasses are "lled -ith hot
-ater at
+he same tem.erature!iagram 83 and !iagram 84 sho-s the changes in tem.erature o, the -ater a,ter )minutesthe -ater are cooled
>sing !iagram 8# and !iagram 82 : com.are the mass o, -ater in &oth glasses>sing !iagram 83 and !iagram 84 : com.are the reading o, the thermometer and the rate
o, heat loss ,rom the -ater in the glasses a,ter ) minutesRelate the mass o, -ater and the rate o, loss o, heat ,rom -ater to mae a deductionregarding the relationshi. &et-een the mass o, -ater and the $uantity o, heat in -ater
) ark&N5ueson 10 Hea!iagram #9# and !iagram #92 sho-s .ositions o, the sul.huric acid that tra..ed air &e,oreand a,ter it is heated
!iagram 7# !iagram 72
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!iagram #9# !iagram #92
@aA Based on !iagram #9# and !iagram #92: com.are@iA the mass o, air &e,ore and a,ter it is heated@iiA the volume o, the air &e,ore and a,ter it is heated@iiiA the tem.erature o, the air &e,ore and a,ter it is heated
@ivA the .ressure o, the air &e,ore and a,ter it is heated 4 marsN@&A Based on the ans-er in #9@aA@iiA and #9@aA@iiiA: state the relationshi. &et-een the
tem.erature and volume o, the air &e,ore and a,ter it is heated2 marsN
@cA ame the gas la- involved in @aA@iiiA# ark N
5ueson 11 L@h!iagram ### and !iagram ##2 sho- the identical o&ects located at di=erent .ositions in,ront o, identical concave mirror Real images -ith di=erent si?es are .roduced
!iagram ### !iagram ##2
>sing !iagram ### and !iagram ##2: com.are the o&ect distance: the si?e o, image,ormed and the image distanceRelate the o&ect distance and the si?e o, the image ,ormed to mae adeduction on the relationshi. &et-een the o&ect distance and the magni"cation scale
) marsN
5ueson 12 L@h!iagram #2# sho-s a .henomenon o, light on mirror P !iagram #22 sho-s the same.henomenon o, light on mirror % * is the radius o, curvature and F is the ,ocal .oint
!iagram #2# !iagram #22
Based on !iagrams #2# and !iagram #22: com.are the curvature o, mirrors: the ,ocallength and the angle o, reectionRelate the curvature o, the mirrors to its ,ocal lengths
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Relate the ,ocal length to the angle o, reection) ark&N
5ueson 13 L@h!iagram #3# and !iagram #32 sho- light rays ,rom t-o identical o&ects .assing throughthe conve6 lenses: M and Both o, the lenses .roduce virtual images F is the ,ocal .oint o, each lens
!iagram #3#
!iagram #32Based on !iagram #3# and !iagram #32: com.are the si?e o, image .roduced &y thelenses: the o&ect distance: u: and the image distance : v'tate the relationshi. &et-een the si?e o, image and the image distance o, the lensHence: -rite an e$uation to sho- the relationshi. &et-een the magni"cation o, the image:m :o&ect distance: u and the image distance: v
) ark&N
5ueson 19 *aes
!iagram #4# sho-s a Barton5s .endulum consists o, metal &o& acting as the driver.endulum and a num&er o, .a.er cones!iagram #42 sho-s the .a.er cone .endulum &egins to oscillate -hen the driver .endulum start tos-ing
!iagram #4#
!iagram #42
>sing !iagram #4# and !iagram #42: com.are the length and ,re$uency o, .endulum and .endulum to the length and ,re$uency o, the metal &o& .endulum*om.are the am.litude o, oscillations &et-een .endulum and the .endulum !educe the .hysics conce.t that involved in the situation
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MotorMotor !i..er
Pencelu.Region PCa-asan P
Water0ir
;lass .latePlat aca
MotorMotor !i..er
Pencelu.Region %Ca-asan %
Water0ir
;lass .latePlat aca
) marsN
5ueson 1; *aes
!iagram #)# sho-s the side vie- o, t-o -ater tans
When the motors on the di..ers are s-itched on: the di..ers oscillate on the sur,ace o, the-ater and .roduce -ater -aves
!iagram #)# *a@ah #)#
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!i..erPencelu.
RegiCa-
0ngle o, deviation
!i..er
Pencelu.
Region %Ca-asan %
gle o, deviation
!iagram #)2 sho-s the to. vie- o, the .ro.agation o, the -aves into region P and %
!iagram #)2 *a@ah #)2
Based on !iagram #)# and !iagram #)2: com.are the de.th o, -ater in region P and region%: the angle o, deviation -hen the -aves move into region P and into region %: the -avelengtho, the -aves: and the change o, s.eed o, the -avesRelate the change o, s.eed o, -ave to the angle o, deviation
) ark&
5ueson 1= *aes!iagram #/# and !iagram #/2 sho- the .attern o, inter,erence using coherent sources o,-ater -aves
!iagram #/# !iagram #/2
@aA >sing !iagram #/# and !iagram #/2: com.are the distance &et-een the t-ocoherent sources: -avelength o, the .ro.agation o, -ater -aves and distance&et-een t-o consecutive antinodal line
@&A Relate the distance &et-een the t-o coherent sources -ith the distance &et-eent-o consecutive antinodal line
4 marsN
5ueson 16 Ele/r/C!iagram #1# and !iagram #12 sho- the thicness o, coiled -ire o, the "lament lam. Mand : res.ectively: in t-o electrical circuits
!iagram #1# !iagram #12
Based on !iagram #1#and !iagram #12: com.are the reading o, the ammeter: the&rightness o, the "lament lam. M and : and the thicness o, coiled -ire o, the "lament
lam.sRelate the &rightness o, the "lament lam. -ith the thicness o, coiled -ire to mae adeduction on the relationshi. &et-een thicness o, coil -ire and the heat .roduced &y the"lament lam.
) marsN5ueson 1> Ele/r/C
+hic +ungsten coil-ire
+hin +ungsten coil-ire
"lament lam. /(: 24 W
"lament lam.M
/(: 24 W
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!iagram #7# and !iagram #72 sho- electric circuits contains t-o identical &ul&s -hich hasresistance R: are connected to a ne- dry cell #) ( *urrent o-s through the circuits to lightu. the &ul&s
!iagram #7# !iagram #72
>sing !iagram #7# and !iagram #72: com.are the &rightness o, the &ul&s light u.: thee=ective resistance o, the ty.e o, circuit connections and the reading o, ammeter o, the &oth
electric circuitsRelate the &rightness o, the &ul&s light u. to the reading o, the ammeter!educe the relationshi. &et-een the e=ective resistance and the magnitude o, currento-s
) ark&N
5ueson 18 Ele/roma@nesm
!iagram #8# and !iagram #82 sho- a magnet &ar is dro..ed ,rom a certain height througha coil +he relative motion &et-een the magnet and the coil .roduced an induced currentdue to change in magnetic "eld occurred
!iagram #8# !iagram #82
@aA Based on !iagram #8# and !iagram #82: com.are the relative motions &et-eenthe magnet to the coil: the num&er o, turns o, the coils: the induced current is.roduced
@&A 'tate the relationshi. &et-een the num&er o, turns o, the coils and@iA the change in magnetic "eld@iiA +he magnitude o, induced current
) marsN
5ueson 20 Ele/roma@nesm!iagram 29# and !iagram 292 sho- t-o coils o, identical -ire -ound around an iron
core
galvanometer
*oil @#299turnsA *oil @3999
turnsA
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+he .rimary coil is connected to #2( ac .o-er su..ly: -hile the secondary coil isconnected to
a &ul& la&elled 24(: 3/W
@aA Based on !iagram 29# and !iagram 292: com.areG@iA +he &rightness o, &ul&@iiA +he num&er o, turns in the .rimary coil and secondary coil 3
marsN@&A Relate the &rightness o, &ul& -ith
@iA +he num&er o, turns in secondary coil
@iiA +he induced current .roduced in the secondary coil 2 marsN
5ueson 21 Ele/ron/!iagram 2## and !iagram 2#2 sho- the deection o, a cathode ray in a deection tu&e
!iagram 2##
!iagram 2#2@aA >sing !iagram 2## and !iagram 2#2:
@iA state the charge o, the cathode ray: # ark N@iiA com.are the voltage o, EH+ connected to the metal .late and the deection o,
the cathode ray 2ark&N
@&A 'tate the relationshi. &et-een@iA the voltage o, EH+ and the strength o, the electric "eld &et-een the metal.lates:
# ark N
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!iagram 242 !iagram 243
@aA @iA Based on !iagram 24#: com.are the microammeter reading and themiliammeter reading
@iiA Based on !iagram 242: com.are the microammeter reading and themiliammeter reading
@iiiA Based on !iagram 242 and !iagram 243: com.are the change in
microammeter reading and change in miliammeter reading
@&A Relate the microammeter reading: miliammeter reading and deduce a .hysicsconce.t ,or &ase current: I& and collecter current Ic in a transistor circuit
) marsN
5ueson 2; +aoa/C!iagram 2) sho-s the decay curves o&tained ,or radioactive su&stance andradioactive su&stance
!iagram 2)
@aA For radioactive su&stance and radioactive su&stance : determine the time taen ,orthe
activity to &ecome hal, o, its initial value2 ark&N
@&A *om.are the times taen in @aA ,or the activities o, radioactive su&stance andradioactive
su&stance to &ecome hal, o, its initial value# ark N
@cA 'tate one common characteristic o, the times taen in 2)@aA ,or the activities o,radioactivesu&stance and radioactive su&stance to &ecome hal, o, its initial value
# ark N@dA ;ive a name ,or the time taen ,or the activity o, a radioactive source to &ecome hal, o, its
initial
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value#
ark N
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SE$IO! III " U!DES$A!DI!% Pa.er 2 & Se/on B an (
%uestion # Introduction to Physics N
E6.lain the meaning o, consistency and accuracy o, a measuring instrument &y usingsuita&le e6am.les
4 mars N
%uestion 2 Forces and MotionN
!iagram # &elo- sho-s a vi&rating .ile driver used to drive a steel .ile to the ground
!iagram #
E6.lain ho- the steel .ile is driven to the ground 4ark&N
%uestion 3 Forces and Motion
Based on the relevant .hysics conce.t:@iA e6.lain -hy a driver lurch ,or-ards -hen a car he is driving comes to a sudden sto.:@iiA descri&e and e6.lain a method -hich can overcome the situation in @cA@iA
4 marsN
%uestion 4 Forces and MotionN
!iagram 4 sho-s Ve-ton5s cradle5 -hich consists o, "ve identical &alls sus.ended in a ro-,rom a -ooden ,rame &y -ires When the &all on le,t end is .ulled aside and allo-ed to ,all:the &all on the ,ar end is noced a-ay ,rom the others -ith the same s.eed as the "rst
&all
!iagram 4
E6.lain: in term o, momentum and energy trans,ers: -hy the &all on the o..osite end isnoced a-ay ,rom the others
4 marsN
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%uestion ) Forces and MotionN
!iagram )# sho-s a &oy o, mass 49 g sliding in t-o identical umes: one a,ter another
!iagram )# !iagram )2
!iagram )# sho-s the &oy sliding do-n the ume: -hich is inclined at 399 to thehori?ontal!iagram)2 sho-s the &oy stationary in the ume -hen the ume is inclined at #1) to thehori?ontal +he ,rictional ,orce acting on the &oy in &oth umes is #29 >sing the conce.to, ,orce: e6.lain -hy the &oy slides do-n the ume -hen the angle o, inclination is 399and remains stationary -hen the angle o, inclination is #1)
4 marsN
%uestion / Forces and PressureN
!iagram / sho-s a si.hon It is very use,ul ,or removing li$uids ,rom a tan or a "6edcontainer
!iagram /
E6.lain ho- si.hon is used to remove li$uid ,rom a tan4 ark&N
%uestion 1 Forces and PressureN
!iagram 1 sho-s a sim.le hydraulic ac -hich is used to li,t u. load M +he -oring .rinci.lo, the hydraulic ac is &ased on the Pascal5s .rinci.le
E6.lain ho- the hydraulic ac can &e used to li,t load M -hen ,orce is a..lied on the small
.iston -ith cross
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!iagram 7 sho-s an em.ty &ottle is .ushed com.letely into the -ater and then releases it>sing the conce.t o, &uoyant ,orce: e6.lain -hat ha..en to the em.ty &ottle a,ter it isreleased
4 marsN
%uestion 8 Forces and Pressure
!iagram 8 sho-s a remote control air.lane
E6.lain ho- the remote control air.lane a&le to y 4marsN
%uestion #9 HeatN
!iagram #9 sho-s a radiator o, a car
Water is used as a cooling agent in a radiator E6.lain ho- -ater is used4marsN
%uestion ## HeatN
!iagram ## sho-s the air .ressure in the tire o, a car &eing measured &y a .ressure gauge
Based on inetic theory o, gasses: e6.lain -hy the air .ressure in the tire increases a,ter thecar has com.leted a long ourney
4 ark&N%uestion #2 HeatN
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!iagram #2 sho-s air &u&&les .roduced &y an air .um. in an a$uarium "lled -ith ,resh-ater
E6.lain -hy the volume o, an air &u&&le increases as it moves to-ards the sur,ace 4 marsN
%uestion #3 LightN
By using suita&le a..aratus: e6.lain ho- the ,ocal length o, &oth lenses can &e estimated> ark&N
%uestion #4 LightN
!iagram #4# and !iagram #42 sho- a ray o, light .assing into crystal and diamondres.ectively
!iagram #4# !iagram #42
E6.lain -hy the diamond is s.arling -hen the ray o, light .ass throughRe,ractive inde6 o, glass #): re,ractive inde6 o, diamond 24 N
4 ark&N
%uestion #) WavesN
!iagram #) sho-s a radio is .laced near the corner o, a -all 0 &oy is standing around thene6t corner
When the radio is s-itched on: the &oy can hear the sound ,rom the radio &ut he cannot seethe radio E6.lain this situation
4 marsN%uestion #/ WavesN
!iagram #/ sho-s that the glass &reas -hen the singer sings
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!iagram #/
>sing the .hysics conce.t in @&A: e6.lain -hy it ha..ens4 ark&N
%uestion #1 WavesN
!iagram #1 sho-s another modi"cation to the har&our to overcome the heavy sea traDc.ro&lem +he -ave .attern .roduced at the entrances is sho-n
!iagram #1
!escri&e the movement o, t-o similar shi.s that are located at 0 and B E6.lain yourans-er
4 ark&N
%uestion #7 ElectricityN
!iagram #7 sho-s a ty.ical circuit on a household electrical a..liance that using a ,use
!iagram #7
E6.lain the advantages o, .arallel circuit in a house -iring system> ark&N
%uestion #8 ElectricityN
!iagram #8# and #82 sho-s t-o identical &ul&s connected to one cell and t-o dry cellres.ectively +he &ul& connected to t-o dry cells lights u. &righter
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!iagram #8#
!iagram #82
@iA What is meant &y the value 8 ( J la&elled on the dry cellX# ark N
@iiA E6.lain -hy the &ul& connected to t-o dry cells is &righter 3 ark& N
%uestion 29 ElectromagnetismN
!iagram 29 sho-s an electromagnet crane
!iagram 29
E6.lain ho- the electromagnet crane can &e used to li,t scra. metal 4
ark&N
%uestion 2# ElectromagnetismN
!iagram 2# sho-s a sim.le direct current electric motor
!iagram 2#
>sing the conce.t o, the magnetic e=ect o, an electric current: e6.lain -ith the aid o,diagrams ho- ,orces are .roduced on a -ire in the coil: as sho-n in the diagram a&ove
4 marsN
%uestion 22 ElectromagnetismN!iagram 22 sho-s the structure o, a generator E6.lain ho- the generator can &e used to.roduce electricity
4 marsN
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%uestion 23 ElectromagnetismN!iagram 23 sho-s a sim.le trans,ormer
&( What is meant &y ideal trans,ormerX# marN
&( E6.lain the -oring .rinci.le o, a trans,ormer4 marsN
%uestion 24 ElectromagnetismN!iagram 24 sho-s the structure o, construction o, a hydro .o-er generating .lant
Base on the diagram: e6.lain ho- the eDciency can &e increased in the long distancetransmission o, electricity &y using the alternate
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E6.lain ho- the *athode
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!iagram 28 sho-s ho- a system is used in a ,actory to ensure the thicness o, .a.er sheetsare uni,orm +he system uses radioisoto.e 'trontium K 89 as the radioactive source
E6.lain ho- 'trontium
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!iagram# &elo- sho-s a thermometer
!iagram #
ou are re$uired to give some suggestions to design an eDcient alcohol thermometer to &eused in .hysics research e6.edition at orth Pole >sing your no-ledge a&out heat and.ro.erties o, materials: e6.lain ho- to &uild a thermometer -hich can ,unction e=ectively&ased on the ,ollo-ing as.ects
@iA 'trength o, thermometer@iiA 'ensitivity o, thermometer@iiiA !esign o, the thermometer so that the scale can easily &e read@ivA Free?ing .oint o, the li$uid@vA +hicness o, the glass &ul&5s -all
#9 marsN
%uestion 2 Forces and MotionN
!iagram 2 &elo- sho-s a rocet
!iagram 2
ou are re$uired to give some suggestions to design a rocet -hich can travel in the outers.ace -ith higher acceleration >sing the no-ledge on ,orces and motion and the.ro.erties o, materials: e6.lain the suggestions &ased on the ,ollo-ing as.ects@iA the sha.e o, the rocet@iiA the material used to &uild the rocet@iiiA additional su..ly needed that ena&le the rocet to move in outer s.ace@ivA the structure o, the rocet to accelerate@vA si?e o, the com&ustion cham&er
#9 marsN
%uestion 3 Forces and MotionN
!iagram 3 sho-s an athlete thro-ing a avelin
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!iagram 3
>sing a..ro.riate .hysics conce.ts: e6.lain the use o, suita&le e$ui.ment and techni$ues toim.rove his .er,ormance our ans-er should include ,ollo-ing as.ects@iA *haracteristics o, material used ,or avelin@iiA 'ha.e o, avelin@iiiA Motion o, the athlete@ivA Ho- the avelin should &e thro-n
#9 marsN
%uestion 4 Forces and MotionN
!iagram 4 sho-s a &adminton .layer in a com.etition
!iagram 4
ou are re$uired to give some suggestions to design the shuttle and rac$uet used in thecom.etition >sing your no-ledge o, motion: ,orces and .ro.erties o, material: state ande6.lain the suggestions &ased on the ,ollo-ing as.ects@iA 'ha.e o, the shuttle@iiA *haracteristic o, the material used ,or shuttle@iiiA Material used ,or the &ase o, the shuttle @ivA Material used ,or the string o, the rac$uet@vA +ension o, the string o, the rac$uet
#9 marsN
%uestion ) Forces and PressureN
+he manager o, a carnival near your home sees your advice on handling a hot air &alloon +he &alloon should &e a&le to rise to a&out the height o, a "ve
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!iagram )
E6.lain your suggestion taing into account@iA 'i?e o, the envelo.e@iiA *haracteristic o, the materials used ,or the envelo.e@iiiA E$ui.ment re$uired to rise u. the &alloon@ivA *haracteristics o, the material used ,or the &aset:@vA the &est times in a day to launch the &alloon
#9 marsN
%uestion / HeatN
!iagram / &elo- sho-s ,ood &eing ,ried in a -o o, cooing oil
!iagram /
'uggest and e6.lain ho- the ,ood to &e ,ried can &e cooed in a short time &ased on the,ollo-ing as.ects o, material o, the -o and the cooing oil
a Material o, the -o@iA '.eci"c heat ca.acity@iiA +hermal conductivity@iiiA Melting .oint
& *ooing oil@iA '.eci"c heat ca.acity@iiA Boiling .oint
#9 marsN
%uestion 1 HeatN0 ,amily is having a .icnic at Port !icson &each 0 container is used to stor the .acetdrins as sho-n in diagram &elo->se a..ro.riate conce.ts in .hysics: e6.lain the modi"cations re$uired to the a&ove
container so as to e=ectively cool .acet drins in a shorter time and ee. the .acet drinsremain cold ,or a longer .eriod 'tate and e6.lain the suggestion &ased on the ,ollo-ingas.ects
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!iagram 1@iA Materials added in the container
@iiA '.eci"c heat ca.acity o, the container@iiiA *olour o, the container@ivA *haracteristics o, the material used ,or the container
#9 marsN%uestion 7 HeatLightN!iagram &elo- sho-s a sim.le solar tan as a -ater heater
!iagram 7>sing a..ro.riate .hysics conce.t: e6.lain the modi"cations that can &e used to mae asolar more eDcient our ans-er should include the ,ollo-ing as.ects@iA +y.e o, mirror@iiA Radius o, curvature@iiiA *olor o, the tan -all
@ivA '.eci"c heat ca.acity and other suita&le as.ect@vA 'i?e o, the mirror
#9 marsN%uestion 8 Light N!iagram 8 sho-s t-o cars: R and ' : travelling in the o..osite directions: .assing through ashar. &and 0 mirror is .laced at
!iagram 8>sing the no-ledge on reection o, light: e6.lain your choice o, mirror to hel. the driver tosee an a..roaching car &ased on the ,ollo-ing as.ect@iA the ty.e o, mirror@iiA the diameter o, the mirror@iiiA the characteristics o, material used ,or the mirror@ivA the thicness o, the mirror@vA +he .osition o, the mirror #9marsN%uestion #9LightN!iagram #9 sho-s an endosco.es that can &e used in medical
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!iagram #9>sing a..ro.riate .hysical conce.ts: suggest and e6.lain suita&le modi"cations that needsto &e done to the endosco.e ou can &ase your modi"cation or suggestion on the ,ollo-ingas.ects@iA *haracteristic o, core and outer cladding@iiA Material o, &u=er coating@iiiA +he si?e o, "&re@ivA +he density o, the "&re
@vA +he strength and e6i&ility
#9 marsN%uestion ## ElectricityN!iagram ## sho-s the lam.s in a domestic lightning circuit are connected in .arallel
!iagram ## +he circuit is not com.lete and not eDcient ,or electrical energy consuming and less sa,ety'uggest modi"cations that need to &e done to the circuit to im.rove sa,ety: .roduce thelam.s lights u. -ith normal &rightness and to increases the eDciency o, electrical energyconsuming 'tate and e6.lain the modi"cation &ased on the ,ollo-ing as.ects@iA s-itch@iiA connection &et-een &ul& * and !@iiiA suita&le voltage ,or the &ul&@ivA sa,ety as.ect@vA suita&le device to &e connected to &ul& B
#9 marsN
%uestion #2 ElectromagnetsN!iagram #2 sho-s a cross section o, a sim.le seismometer -hich is used to detect the earthmotion and then convert it into the electrical signals
!iagram #2 ou are re$uired to give suggestions to design the seismometer -hich can -or eDciently>sing your no-ledge: e6.lain the suggestion &ased on the ,ollo-ing as.ectsG@iA the sti=ness o, the s.ring@iiA density o, the load
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@iiiA thesha.eo,themagnet@ivA the ty.e o, the electrical coil@vA ho- it is used to detect small motion
#9 marsN
%uestion #3 ElectromagnetismN!iagram #3 sho-s a sim.le anemometer @-ind meterA ,or measuring the velocity o, the-ind
!iagram #3>sing a..ro.riate .hysical conce.ts: suggest and e6.lain suita&le modi"cations to theanemometer to im.rove its sensitivity ou can &ase your modi"cation or suggestion on the,ollo-ing as.ects@iA +he material o, the .lastic cu.@iiA +he &ar magnet@iiiA +he solenoid@ivA +he num&er o, turns o, -ire used ,un the solenoid
@vA +he thicness o, the -ire #9 marsN
%uestion #4 ElectromagnetismN!iagram #4 sho-s an ac generator
!iagram #4
'uggest modi"cations that can &e made to increase the out.ut current to the generator in !iagram #4'tate and e6.lain the modi"cations &ased on the ,ollo-ing as.ects@iA 'trength o, the magnet@iiA 'ha.e o, the magnet@iiiA um&er o, turns o, the coil@ivA !iameter o, the -ire o, the coil
@vA +he s.eed o, rotation #9marsN%uestion #) ElectronicsN!iagram #) sho-s a control circuit ,or a sim.le "re alarm system
'
Barmagnet
&earing
solenoid
Iron core
Plastic cu.
s.indle
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!iagram #)
ou are re$uired to give suggestions to design the circuit so that it can s-itch on thetransistor and sound an alarm -hen either one o, the sensors gets hot 'tate and e6.lain thesuggestions &ased on the ,ollo-ing as.ects@iA +he ty.e o, gate @iiA *om.onent used to detect heat and it .osition@iiiA +he .osition o, the alarm@ivA +he use o, e6tra com.onents in the circuit and its .ositions to s-itch on the 249 (: #2
W alarm
#9 marsN
%uestion #/ ElectronicsN!iagram #/ sho-s a shado- is ,ormed on uorescent screen o, the Maltase cross tu&e
!iagram #/
Maltase cross tu&e in !iagram #/ is not suita&le ,or measuring the ,re$uency o, the sound-aves 'uggest modi"cations that can &e made to the Maltase cross tu&e in !iagram #/ totrans,orm it into *athode Ray scillosco.e that can measure the ,re$uency o, the sound-aves In your suggestions: state the com.onents that are used and their ,unctions &ased onthe ,ollo-ing as.ects@iA the electron gun@iiA the deection system
#9 marsN
%uestion #1 RadioactiveN!iagram #1 sho-s a radioactive source is handled &y a scientist +he method sho-n is not
sa,e
!iagram #1'uggest and e6.lainG@iA +he e$ui.ment to &e used in handling a radioactive source
@iiA Modi"cations to the storing method to ensure sa,e ee.ing o, the radioactive source@iiiA ther .recautions that need to &e taen -hen handling a radioactive source #9 marsNSE$IO! 4 " P+OBLEM SOL4I!% &5UA!$I$A$I4E( Pa.er 2 Se/on &no#11 7 12(
%uestion # Forces and Motion N
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# @iA 0 toy car o, mass #) Bg is moving at a constant velocity o, 49 ms
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1 !iagram sho-s a hydraulic acB -ith a cross sectional area o, the smaller .iston is
92 m2 and the larger .iston is #2 m2
@iA I, a ,orce o, / is e6erted on the smaller .iston: -hat is the out.ut ,orce
acted on the larger .istonX
@iiA I, the smaller .iston moves do-n-ard &y #2 cm: -hat is the distance
moved &y the larger .istonX
%uestion 7 Forces and Pressure N
7 +he -eight o, the &oat is #) 999 +he ma6imum volume o, -ater that can &edis.laced &y the &oat Is 29 m3
@iA *alculate the &uoyant ,orce e6erted on the &oat M!ensity o, the sea -ater is #929 Bgm
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## Figure@aA sho-s an o&ect in a small .ond +he de.th o, the -ater in the .ond is H +he image o, the o&et a..ears to &e h ,rom -ater sur,ace
Figure@aA
@aA 'tate the relationshi. &et-een H and h@&A When H 4) m and the re,ractive inde6 o, -ater is #33: determine the value o, h@cA What ha..en to value o, h -hen the .ond is .oured -ith -ater o, re,ractive inde6 #49 X@dA 0 glass tu&e is immersed vertically in the sur,ace o, the -ater .ond at a de.th 9) m as
sho-n in Figure @&AFig
ure@&AFigure @&A
When H 4) m and the re,ractive inde6 o, -ater #33 : ho- ,ar the &ase o, .onda..ear closer to the sur,ace o, the -aterX
%uestion #2 Light N#2 +he diagram sho- a ray o, light \ is incident at angle o, /99 to an ice &loc
@aA Mar the critical angle o, ice -ith JcJ in the "gure a&ove@&A !etermine the value o, the critical angle : c@cA *alculate the re,ractive inde6 o, ice@dA What ha..en to the critical angle -hen the ice &loc is re.laced &y a su&stance-hich
has the re,ractive inde6 #7 X
%uestion #3 Light N#3 0n o&ect is .laced at a distance o, 29 cm ,rom a concave lens o, ,ocal length #) cm
@iA *alculate the image distance
@iiA *alculate the magni"cation o, the image
@iiiA 'tate the characteristics o, the image ,ormed
%uestion #4 Light N
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#4 0 student is using a magni,ying glass -ith ,ocal length o, ) cm to o&serve a small
ant at a distance o, 2 cm
@iA *alculate the image distance
@iiA !etermine the linear magni"cation o, the image o, the ant
%uestion #) Waves N#) 0 -ooden &ar P vi&rates on a -ater sur,ace o, a ri..le tan at a ,re$uency o, ) H?
+he -ater -ave .roduced is sho-n in the diagram &elo-
@iA +he distance &et-een three consecutive crests is 79 cmWhat is the -avelength: ]: o, the -ater -aveX
@iiA What is the ,re$uency o, the -ater -aveX@iiiA *alculate the s.eed o, the -ater -ave in the ri..le tan
%uestion #/ Electricity N#/ +he "gure sho- a circuit containing t-o resistors P and % : a &ul& L: t-o s-itches '# and
'2: ammeter: voltmeter and a &attery
@aA When the s-itches '# and '2 is o.ened : the reading o, ammeter and voltmeter are93 0 and 24 ( res.ectively
*alculate:@iA the resistance o, the &ul&@iiA the resistance o, the resistor@iiiA +he .o-er dissi.ated in P
@&A *om.are the &rightness o, the &ul& in the situation @aA -hen @iA only the s-itch '# is closed
@iiA &oth the s-itches '# and '2 is closed
@cA +he resistance o, the resistor % is 7Ω When the s-itch '2 is closed and the s-itch
'# is
o.ened: -hat is the reading o,
@iA the voltmeter @iiA the ammeter
%uestion #1 Electricity N
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#1 +he "gure sho-s a circuit containing voltmeter: ammeter: t-o s-itches '# and '2 : t-o&ul&s M# and M2 and a &attery -ith internal resistance o, #^
@aA When the s-itches '# and '2 is o.ened : the reading o, the voltmeter is #2 (
What is the em, o, the cellX@&A When the s-itch '# is closed and the s-itch '2 is o.ened : the reading o, the ammeter is
39 0 *alculate
@iA the reading o, the voltmeterX @iiA the resistance o, &ul& M# X
@cA When the s-itches '# and '2 is closed : the reading o, the ammeter is /9 0
*alculate @iA the resistance o, &ul& M2 X
@iiA the reading o, the voltmeterX
%uestion #7 Electromagnetism N#7 !iagram sho-s a >
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%uestion 24 Electromagnetism N
24 Figure @&Asho-s a circuit consisting o, a trans,ormer: an ammeter and t-o light&ul&s +he ammeter reading is 9) 0 and &oth &ul&s light u. -ith normal &rightness
Figure @&A
@aA What is the out.ut voltage o, the trans,ormerX @&A *alculate the eDciency o, the trans,ormer
%uestion 2) Electronic N
2) +he diagram sho-s a transistor circuitIn order to trigger alarm : the .otential di=erence across must &e at least #(
@aA What is the .otential di=erence across M X
@&A When the resistance o, resistors P and % are )99 Ω res.ectively:@iA -hat is the .otential di,erence across MX@iiA -hat ha..ens to alarm X
@cA When the resistance o, resistor % is )99 Ω and the resistance o, resistor P is
4999Ω :
determine the .otential di=erence across the resistor % to sho- that alarm is nottriggered
@dA +he ta&le sho-s the variations o, the resistance o, a thermostat : + -ithtem.erature
+em.erature o
* +hermostat resistance Ω
299 #1)9#99 3)99)) )99939 /999
When resistor P is re.laced &y thermostat + : -hat is
@iA the resistance o, resistor % i, alarm is triggered at 299o *@iiA the tem.erature re$uired to trigger alarm :-hen the resistance o, resistor is
#999Ω
%uestion 2/ Radioactivity N
2/ 0 cu. o, mil is contaminated -ith iodine
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@iiA +he initial mass o, a sam.le o, iodine
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SE$IO! 4I " DEISIO! MA'I!% Pa.er 2 Se/on &no#11 ) 12(
%uestion # Introduction to PhysicsN0s an engineer: you are assigned to investigate the characteristics o, several instrumentsthat could &e used to measure the length and -idth o, 2) cm 49 cm metal &loc
+a&le # sho-s the characteristics o, "ve ty.es o, measuring instruments P: %: R: ' and +'tudy the characteristics o, all "ve instruments and decide -hich is the most suita&le
instrument to &e used to measure the length o, the metal &loc
Yusti,y your choice
Measuringinstrument
'mallestscale cm
Range o, measurement cm
\ero error cm'ha.e o, theinstrument
P 9) 9 K #99 92 Flat and thin
% 9# 9 K )9 9# Roll and thin
R 9# 9 K )9 99 Flat and thin
' 9# 9 K )9 9# Flat and thin
+ #9 9 K #99 99 Roll and thin
+a&le # #9 mars N
%uestion 2 Forces and Motion Forces and MotionN!iagram 2 sho-s a .layground s-ing -hich -ill &e used ,or 1 to #) years old children +hevertical height o, the s-ing is 2) m +a&le 2 sho-s the characteristics o, the s-ing
!iagram 2
'-ingLength o, the chain,rom the &ar:l cm
Yoint o, chain tothe &ar
0ngle o, (
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Bicycle !iagram '.eci"cation
W !istance &et-een seat and handle 1) cm!ensity o, &icycle5s ,rame 199 g m
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Brae uid
ae .edal
Brae .ads
Brae disc
the soles o, the treing shoes
+y.e o, material
!ensity@Cgm
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+a&le / sho-s the s.eci"cations o, com.onents that can &e used in &rae systems :P:%:R: ' and +
Braesystem
'.eci"cations o, com.onents in a car &rae system
'.eci"c heat ca.acity o, &rae disc Y g
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Y
C
L
M
+a&le 1
%>E'+I 7,orce and .ressureN
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!iagram sho-s ,our hot air &alloons: P: %: R and ' -ith di=erent ,eatures
Hot air&alloon P
'mall &alloon(olume 799 m3
# &urner
Features +y.e o, &alloon ,a&ric
'ynthetic nylon +em.erature o, ame
#99 o*
Hot air&alloon %
Large &alloon(olume 2)99 m3
2 &urners
Features +y.e o, &alloon ,a&ric
'ynthetic nylon +em.erature o, ame
#29 o*
Hot air&alloon R
Large &alloon(olume 2)99 m3
# &urner
Features +y.e o, &alloon ,a&ric
*anvas +em.erature o, ame
/9 o*
Hot air&alloon '
'mall &alloon(olume 799 m3
2 &urners
Features +y.e o, &alloon ,a&ric
*anvas +em.erature o, ame
79 o*
ou are re$uired to determine the most suita&le hot air &alloon -hich is a&le to carry threeor ,our .eo.le to a higher altitude in a shorter time
'tudy the ,eatures o, all the ,our hot air &alloons ,rom the ,ollo-ing as.ects< +he si?e o, the &alloon< +he num&er o, the &urners< +he ty.e o, the ,a&ric o, the &alloon< +he tem.erature o, the air in the &alloon
E6.lain the suita&ility o, the as.ects Yusti,y your choice
#9 marsN
%uestion 8 Force and PressureN!iagram 8 sho-s ,our racing motorcycles: P: %: R and ': -ith di=erent s.eci"cations
Racing &ie 0 +y.e o, &rae -ithout 0B'Mass 29)9 g
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Racing &ie B +y.e o, &rae -ithout 0B'Mass 2299 g
Racing &ie * +y.e o, &rae 0B'@0ntiloc Brae 'ystemAMass 2979 g
Racing &ie ! +y.e o, &rae 0B'@0ntiloc Brae 'ystemAMass 2429 g
!iagram 8
ou are re$uired to determine the most suita&le motorcycle to move ,ast and sa,e -henracing'tudy the s.eci"cations o, all the ,our motorcycles ,rom the ,ollo-ing as.ects
@iA +y.e o, &rae@iiA the mass o, the motorcycle@iiiA the seat height@ivA the -idth o, the tyre
E6.lain the suita&ility o, the as.ects Yusti,y your choice
#9 ark&N
%uestion #9 HeatN ou are ased to investigate the ,eatures o, heating material and the design o, a .ressurecooer as in +a&le #9
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'a,ety valve
'a,ety valve
sa,ety valve
P
+he ,eatures o, .ressure cooer
• '.eci"c heat ca.acity o, the &ody o, the .ot
#499
1o1 CJkg −−
• '.eci"c heat ca.acity o, the handle o, .ot
789
1o1
CJkg −−
• +hicness o, the .ot )9 mm
• Has sa,ety valve
%
+he ,eatures o, .ressure cooer
• '.eci"c heat ca.acity o, the &ody o, the .ot
37)
1o1 CJkg −−
• '.eci"c heat ca.acity o, the handle 789
1o1
CJkg
−−
• +hicness o, the .ot 39 mm
• Has sa,ety valve
R
+he ,eatures o, .ressure cooer
• '.eci"c heat ca.acity o, the &ody o, the .ot
448
1o1 CJkg −−
• '.eci"c heat ca.acity o, the handle o, .ot
37)
1o1 CJkg −−
• +hicness o, the .ot #9 mm
'
+he ,eatures o, .ressure cooer
• '.eci"c heat ca.acity o, the &ody o, the .ot
)92
1o1 CJkg −−
• '.eci"c heat ca.acity o, the handle o, .ot
2399
1o1 CJkg −−
• +hicness o, the .ot )9 mm
• Has sa,ety valve
+
+he ,eatures o, .ressure cooer
• '.eci"c heat ca.acity o, the &ody o, the .ot
#499
1o1 CJkg −−
• '.eci"c heat ca.acity o, the handle o, .ot
789
1o1 CJkg −−
• +hicness o, the .ot )9 mm
+a&le #9
E6.lain the suita&ility o, each ,eatures descri&ed in +a&le #9 and then determine the mostsuita&le .ressure cooer to &e used ;ive a reason ,or your choice
#9 mars N
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ice cream
Ice cream &o6%>E'+I ##heatN
!iagram )#
+a&le ## sho-s the s.eci"cation o, ,our ty.es o, ice cream containers P: %: R and ': that can&e used &y an ice cream seller to carry ice cream
Bo6 P % R '
'.eci"c heat ca.acity o, icecream &o6
High High Lo- Lo-
'i?e o, ice cream &o6 Large 'mall 'mall LargeMaterial o, outer &o6 *o..er P(* .lastic P(* .lastic 0luminium
*olour o, outer &o6 !ar Bright Bright !ar
+a&le ##
ou are re$uired to determine the most suita&le ice cream container to carry ice cream'tudy the s.eci"cation o, the ,our ty.es o, ice cream container &ased on the ,ollo-ingas.ects
< '.eci"c heat ca.acity o, ice cream &o6
< 'i?e o, ice cream &o6 < Material o, outer &o6< *olour o, outer &o6
E6.lain the suita&ility o, the as.ects#9 marsN
%>E'+I #2heatN
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Heat generated in the car engine has to &e removed e=ectively to avoid overheating!iagram #2 sho-s the cooling system o, a car engine
!iagram #2
+a&le #2 sho-s the characteristics o, li$uid that can &e used in the cooling system o, a car
Li$uid
*haracteristics
'.eci"c heat ca.acity@ Y g -hich are used to maintain the tem.erature o, the hot drin
ou are re$uired to determine the most suita&le thermos -hich is a&le to maintain thetem.erature o, the hot drin ,or a long time and can &e easily moved ,rom one .lace toanother
'tudy the characteristics o, the ,our thermoses ,rom the ,ollo-ing as.ects< sto..er< material to mae the dou&le layer -all< density< material in &et-een the dou&le -all
E6.lain the suita&ility o, the as.ects Yusti,y your choice
#9 ark&N
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R
'
+
>
!iagram #3
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P
5
+
S
*oncave reector
Bul& &eyond .rinci.le ,ocus
Battery
*onstantan connecting -ire
Bul& at .rinci.le ,ocus
*o..er connecting -ire
Battery*oncave reector
*onve6 reector
Bul& at the .ole o, the mirror
Battery
*o..er connecting -ire
*onstantant *onnecting -ire
Battery *onve6 reector
$
Battery
Bul& at the .ole o, the mirror
%>E'+I #4LightN
+a&le #4 sho-s the design o, "ve torchlights P: %: R: ' and +
+a&le #4
ou are ased to investigate the characteristics o, the "ve torchlights sho-n in +a&le #4E6.lain the suita&ility o, each characteristics o, the torchlight and determine the torchlight-hich can .roduce a strong .arallel &eam o, light;ive reasons ,or your choice
#9 marsN
%>E'+I #)LightN!iagram #) sho-s ,our sim.le com.ound microsco.es: Y: C: L and M -ith di=erent.eci"cations
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ou are re$uired to determine the most suita&le sim.le com.ound microsco.es to e6amine asmall s.ecimen
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Eye.iece
&ective lens
'.ecimen 'tage
Microsco.e Y
Eye.iece 29!
&ective lens #4!
!istance &et-een t-olenses @ # A
Position o, the s.ecimenu #
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Eye.iece
&ective lens
'.ecimen 'tageLam.
Microsco.e C
Eye.iece #4!
&ective lens 29!
!istance &et-een t-olenses @ # A
Position o, the s.ecimenu #
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Microsco.e L
Eye.iece 29!
&ective lens #4!
!istance &et-een t-olenses @ # A
Position o, the s.ecimen # U u 2 #
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Eye.iece
&ective lens
'.ecimen 'tageLam.
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Eye.iece
&ective lens
'.ecimen 'tageLam.
Microsco.e M
Eye.iece #4!
&ective lens 29!
!istance &et-een t-olenses Q@ # A
Position o, the s.ecimen # U u 2 #
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'tudy the s.eci"cation o, the ,our sim.le com.ound microsco.es &ased on the ,ollo-ingas.ects
@iA Po-er o, eye.iece@iiA Po-er o, o&ective lens @iiiA !istance &et-een eye.iece and o&ective lens@ivA Position o, the s.ecimen
E6.lain the suita&ility o, each as.ect and then determine the most suita&le microsco.e;ive a reason ,or your choice
#9 marsN
%uestion #/WavesN
!iagram #/ sho-s a guitar -ith / strings
+he sound o, a music note ,rom a guitar de.ends on the strings o, the guitar Each stringhas its o-n natural ,re$uency
'tring !ensity +ensionLength o, string
@cmA'tring
material
P Lo- lo- 899 nylon
% Lo- High 199 steel
R Medium Medium 199 nylon
' High medium 899 steel
+a&le #/
+a&le #/ sho-s the characteristic o, strings P: %: R and ' E6.lain the suita&ility o, thecharacteristics o, strings to &e used in a guitar that can .roduce high .itch sound and -illnot &rea easily -hen it is strummed!etermine the most suita&le string to &e used and usti,y your choice
#9 ark&N
%uestion #1 WavesN
'trong retaining -alls are usually &uilt in the sea near a har&uor etty to .rotect the &oats,rom damage caused &y strong -aves
ou have &een assigned as an engineer to assem&le a retaining -all to &e &uild in ,ront o, ane- har&our Four models ,or the structure o, -all -ith their suggested locations andcharacteristics are sho-n in ta&le #1
ou are ased to &uild a strong and sa,e har&our 'tudy the characteristics in ta&le /E6.lainthe suita&ility o, the characteristics and determine the most suita&le design: characteristicsand location ,or the har&our
#9 mars N
Models 'ha.e o, -alls Material o, -alls
Location o, har&our
Has severalo.enings at the
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-all
P concrete Bay o
% *ementand &rics
ca.e es
R
*ementand &rics
Bay o
'concrete Bay es
+a&le #1
%uestion #7 ElectrycityN!iagram #7 &elo- sho-s a &oiler that using to &oil -ater at home
+a&le #7 &elo- sho-s characteristics o, material that can &e used to mae immersonheater
*haracteristic
Matertial
!ensity @gm to measure small directcurrent
'ea-aves
'ea-aves
'ea-aves
'ea
-aves
DIAGRAM 18
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ou are re$uired to determine the most suita&le moving coil ammeter to measure the smalldirect current e=ectively
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!iagram #8
ou are re$uired to determine the most suita&le moving coil ammeter to measure smalldirect current e=ectively
'tudy the s.eci"cation o, all the ,our moving coil ammeters &ased on the ,ollo-ing as.ects@iA +he sha.e o, the .ermanent magnet and core@iiA +he material o, the core@iiiA +he sti=ness o, the hair s.ring@ivA +he ty.e o, scale o, the ammeter
E6.lain the suita&ility o, each as.ect and then determine the most suita&le moving coilammeter ;ive a reason ,or your choice
#9marsN
%>E'+I 29electromagnetSelectronicN
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!iagram 29 sho-s circuits P: %: R: ' and + each containing an i/a! )ran&#rr !iodes inthe circuits are used ,or the .ur.ose o, recti"cation
*ircuit '.eci"cation o, circuit
P
%
R
'
+
!iagram 29
ou are ased to mae a circuit that can &e used to s-itch on #2 ( dc radio 'tudy thecircuits P: %: R: ' and + in !iagram 29 and consider the ,ollo-ing as.ects
- ty.e o, trans,ormer- ratio o, the num&er o, turns in .rimary coil to secondary coil- ty.e o, recti"cation- characteristic o, out.ut current
E6.lain the suita&ility o, the a&ove as.ects and hence: determine the most suita&le circuitto s-itch on #2 ( dc radioYusti,y your choice
10 ark& N
%>E'+I 2#electronicN!iagram 2# sho-s ,our electronic circuits 0: B: * and ! -ith di=erent s.eci"cations ou arere$uired to determine the most suita&le electronic circuit to light u. three street lights 8)(:/) Wautomatically -ith normal &rightness -hen it is dar'tudy the s.eci"cations o, all o, the ,our circuits &ased on the ,ollo-ing as.ectsb +he .osition o, the light de.endent resistor @L!RAb +he connection o, the &atteries
b +he arrangement o, the street lights circuitb +he use o, a relay s-itch in the circuit!etermine the most suita&le circuit diagram to &e chosen and give one reason ,or yourchoice
#9 ark&N
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8) (
/ (
Relay
/ (
8) (
/ (Bul& &et-een the t-o .lane mirror
RelayIron connecting -ire
Plane reector
*ircuit *ircuit diagrams
0
B
*
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8) (
/ (
Relay
!
!iagram 2#
%uestion 22 RadioactivityN!iagram 22 sho-s a technician is tracing -ater .i.e line laid underground to detect leaage.oint
!iagram 22'mall amount o, radioisoto.e is .ut in the -ater reservoir +a&le #9 sho-s the .ro.erties o,,our radioisoto.es
Radioisoto.e 'olu&ility in -ater Hal, li,e +y.es o, radiation Physical state
W High #) hours &eta Li$uid
High 7 days gamma Li$uid
Lo- 27 years &eta 'olid
\ Lo- 37 minutes al.ha gas
+a&le 22
0 ;eiger
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%uestion 23 RadioactivityN
!iagram 23 sho-s a nuclear reactor -hich is used to generate nuclear energy
ou are re$uired to investigate the characteristics o, the ,eatures in the nuclear reactor assho-n in +a&le 23
uclear ReactorMaterial ,or the
moderatorMaterial ,or the
control rodMaterial ,or the
coolant +hicness o,
concrete shield
P ;ra.hite Cry.ton il +hin
% Iron Boron il +hin
R ;ra.hite Boron Heavy -ater +hic
' Iron Cry.ton Heavy -ater +hic
+a&le 23
E6.lain the suita&ility o, each characteristic o, the ,eatures in the nuclear reactor -hich cangenerate a controlled nuclear reaction sa,ely !etermine the most suita&le reactor to &eused;ive reasons ,or your choice
#9 marsN
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SE$IO! 4II " EXPE+IME!$ Pa.er 3 Se/on B &!o# 3 ) 9(
Based on the diagrams in %uestions #< #8:
@aA mae one suita&le in,erence @&A state one a..ro.riate hy.othesis that could &e investigated@cA descri&e ho- you -ould design an e6.eriment to test your hy.othesis
In your e6.lanation: state clearly the ,ollo-ing @iA +he aim o, the e6.eriment@iiA +he varia&les in the e6.eriment@iiiA +he list o, a..aratus and materials@ivA +he arrangement o, the a..aratus@vA the .rocedures o, the e6.eriment: -hich includes the method o, controlling the mani.ulated varia&le and the method o, measuring the res.onding varia&le@viA the -ay you -ould ta&ulate the data@viiA the -ay you -ould analyse the data
o 'ituation
# 0 &oy .ushes the &o6es along a level -al-ay as sho-n in !iagram @aA +he &oy e6.eriences that the &o6es on trolley move slo-ly When the &oy removes t-o o, the &o6es as sho-n in!iagram @&A: he e6.eriences that the trolley move ,aster than &e,ore although the same
,orce-as a..lied: 7
@aA @&A
2 ceiling
Em.ty .ails -hand
-ater P % P
@iA @iiA
+-o identical .ails: P and % are set u. as sho-n in diagram P is em.ty and % is "lled -ith-ater +hey are then s-ing together 0,ter a -hile: the .ails are then sto..ed P need a longertime to com.letely sto..ed
3 !iagram @aA sho-s a -orer carrying a gas tan !iagram @&A sho-s the same -orer carrying t-o gas tans Length o, the s.ring in the sus.ension system o, the motorcycle decreasing
!iagram @aA !iagram @&A
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4 !iagrams sho- t-o -orers each .ushing a -heel&arro- loaded -ith &rics o, the same-eight Worer 0 .ushs the -heel&arro- easier com.ared to -orer B
) !iagram ) sho-s a .u&lic -ater tan -hich su..lies -ater ,or domestic use to a residentialarea +enants on the ",th oor o, the a.artment &loc are una&le to o&tain ta. -atercom.ared to the tenants on the "rst oor
/ !iagram @aA : !iagram @&A and !iagram @cA sho- a "sherman .ulling the "shing net out o, the
river In !iagram @aA: the "sherman "nds it easy to .ull u. the "shing net -hile most o, the"sh is in the -ater Ho-ever as more and more o, the net is out o, the -ater it gets harder to.ull u. the net as sho-n in !iagrams @&A and @&A
@aA @&A @cA
1 !iagram @aA sho-s a hal, glass o, hot co=ee that is le,t ,or tenminutes !iagram @&A sho-s a,ull
glass o, similar hot co=ee that is le,t ,or the same time It is notice that the hot co=ee in!iagram
@aA cools do-n ,aster than !iagram @&A
!iagram @aA !iagram @&A
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7 !iagram @aA sho-s a &oy accidentally s.ilt a ,e- dro.s o, hot noodle sou. onto his hand and,elt slight .ain Later on: he accidentally s.ilt the -hole &o-l o, hot noodle sou. onto himsel,and ,elt e6treme .ain as sho-n in !iagram @&A
!iagram @aA !iagram @&A
8 !iagram sho-s an air &u&&le released &y a diver at .osition -hich then rises u. to .osition
#9 En 0hmad is travelling ,rom Cota Bahru to 'erem&an
Be,ore going on a long ourney En 0hmad measured the air .ressure in the tyre o,
his car He ,ound that the air .ressure in the tyre -as #89Pa 0,ter the ourney: he noticedthat the tyre &ecome Vsti=5 and the air .ressure in the tyre as sho-n on the meter in !iagram He also ,ound that the tyre &ecame hot Ho-ever the si?e o, the tyre remained the same
## !iagram sho-s a syringe -ith its end sealed When the syringe is immersed in hot -ater: the.iston move u.
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Water
!iagram @&A
Inverted 'lide'creen
ImageIme
Proector lens
!iagram @aA
'creen
Image
Proector lens
Inverted 'lide
#2 !iagram @aA sho-s a coin at the &ottom o, a tall em.ty cu. looing ,rom the to.!iagram @&A sho-s the coin at the &ottom o, the cu. -hen the cu. is "lled -ith -ater looing,rom the to.
@aA @&A
#3 0 student used a slide .roector to .roduce an image on the screen !iagram @aA and!iagram
@&A sho- the relative .ositions o, the slide: .roector lens and the screenIt is o&served that -hen the .roector lens is moved nearer to the slide as sho-n in !iagram@&A
the screen has to &e moved ,urther a-ay ,rom the slide to o&tain a shar. image
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#4 !iagram #4 sho-s an audio technician checing and testing the audio system in a minitheatre &y changing his seating .ositions *lear and loud sound can only &e o&tainedat seating .ositions P and % -hich is e$uals to 4 seatings a-ay ,rom each other -ith acertain distance ,rom the louds.eaers When he moves ,urther a-ay ,rom thelouds.eaers: the clear and loud sound can only &e heard &et-een % and R -hich ise$uals to / seatings a-ay ,rom each other
#) !iagram @aA sho-s ta. releasing dro.lets o, -ater into large containers +he num&er o, dro.lets -hich ,all .er second into the container are same !iagram @&A and
@cAsho- the cross sections o, the -ater -aves ,ormed ,rom the dro.lets in the containers
@aA
@&A @cA
#/ !iagram @aA sho-s shed 0 lighted u. &y a lam. connected to a &attery using a shortconnecting -ire !iagram @&A sho-s shed B lighted u. &y a lam. connected to a &attery using
a long connecting -ire
R%P
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*onnecting -ire connecting -ire@aA @&A
#1 !iagram #1@aA: a voltmeter sho-s a certain reading -hen it is connected across theterminalso, a dry cell It -as ,ound that the voltmeter reading decreases -hen a &ul& is connectedacross the terminals o, the dry cell as sho-n in !iagram #1@&A
!iagram #1In "
#7 !iagram #7 sho-s a cross
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!iagram #8@aA
29 !iagram 29@aA and !iagram 29@&A sho- transistor circuits When the varia&le resistor isadusted ,rom X to Y : the &ul& &ecomes &righter
!iagram 29@aA !iagram 29@&A
!iagram
#8@cA
!iagram #8@&A
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SPM :O+MA$ " Pa.er 2 Se/on A !o# ;< =< 6< >
SE$ 1
5ueson ; Pressure In Lu!iagram )# and !iagram )2 sho- ho- -ater s.urts out ,rom its container -hen the valveis o.ened
!iagram )# !iagram )2
When a li$uid is held in a container: it e6erts .ressure on the container
@aA What is meant &y .ressureX
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
# marN @&A Based on to !iagram )# and !iagram )2: com.are
@iA the de.th o, the -ater in &oth containers:
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
# marN@iiA the rate at -hich -ater s.urts out
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
# marN@iiiA the distance travelled &y the -ater that s.urts out
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
# marN @cA Relate the distance travelled &y the -ater that s.urts out to the de.th o, the -ater
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
# marN@dA 'tate the relationshi. &et-een the .ressure and the de.th o, the -ater
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
# marN @eA Why diver e6.eriences more .ain on their ear as they go dee.er in to the seaX
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
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# marN
@&A +he hal,
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!iagram 12
Modi"cation has to &e done on the trans,ormer so that it can &e used as an eDcient/ ( dc hand.hone charger
'uggest the modi"cations that can &e made so that the trans,ormer @iA can .roduce /( voltage out.ut
'uggestion
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOO # marN Reason
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
# marN
@iiA can .roduce a steady direct current'uggestion
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
# marN Reason
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
# marN @iiiA High eDciency
'uggestion
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOO# marN
Reason
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO