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UNISDR Secretariat Asia and Pacific,ASEAN-UNISDR-World Bank Joint Forum, May 2009

www.unisdr.org

The Hyogo Framework for Action -

Biennial Progress Review Process 2007/9

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HFA Biennial Progress Review 2007/9Why monitor HFA implementation?

HFA identifies monitoring and reporting responsibilities with National Governments having the lead responsibility

Reporting and analysis of progress is essential to improved DRR planning and work-programming

Reporting and progress analysis will lead to a more focused HFA implementation

Consolidate political and economic commitment for DRR

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ASEAN Region HFA Reporting• National Reporting: Coordinated by National HFA Focal Points through

national consultations. • Complete (6): Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Philippines,

Singapore, Viet Nam• Ongoing (1): Thailand

• Regional Reporting: Sub-regional progress reports coordinated by regional inter-governmental institutions.• Regional synthesis report on progress in HFA implementation

(UNISDR)• ASEAN Report

• • Thematic Reporting:

• Report on Urban Disaster Reduction in Asia (Regional Task Force on Urban DRR)

• Report on Space Technology Applications in Asia (UNESCAP and ADRC)

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HFA Priority Area 1

GovernanceEnsure that disaster risk reduction is a national and

local priority with strong institutional basis for implementation

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HFA 1: 1- National policy and legal framework for disaster risk reduction exists with decentralised responsibilities and capacities at all levels.

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X

Indonesia X X X

Lao PDR X X X

Philippines X X X

Singapore X X X X X

Viet Nam X X X X

Vietnam has developed and promulgated relevant legal documents for natural disaster prevention, response and mitigation, such as Law on Dyke, Water Resources Law, Law on Forest Protection and Development, Law on Environment Protection, Land Law, Law on Natural Resources and Minerals, Law on Fisheries, etc., Ordinance on Flood and Storm Control, Ordinance on Exploitation and Protection of Water Resources Structures, Ordinance on Exploitation and Protection of Hydro-meteorological Structures, Regulations on early warning and prevention of earthquake and tsunami, etc. Decrees to guide the implementation of laws and ordinances have also promulgated.

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HFA 1: 2 - Dedicated and adequate resources are available to implement disaster risk reduction plans and activities at all administrative levels.

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X

Indonesia X X

Lao PDR X

Philippines X X

Singapore X X X X X

Viet Nam X X X X

Philippines The NDCC does not have an annual budget allocation; it operates through member agencies, regional and local DCCs. The National Calamity Fund (NCF) which consists of 5% of the national budget is tied to aid, relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction. No funds are provided by law for mitigation & preparedness. LGUs are mandated by R.A. 8185 since 1996 to allocate five percent of its internal revenue allotment (IRA) as local calamity fund (LCF), i.e., after a “state of calamity” is declared by the governor. In 2003, a DILG memo permits the use of the LCF for disaster preparedness and other pre-disaster activities. However, many local officials are not aware that the LCF can be used for pre-disaster activities.

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HFA 1: 3 - Community Participation and decentralisation is ensured through the delegation of authority and resources to local levels

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X X

Indonesia X X X

Lao PDR X X X

Philippines X X

Singapore X X X X X

Viet Nam X X X X

Lao PDR Limited resources available for disaster risk reduction is a major challenge. Thus the NDMC encourages the use of more basic, traditional and local disaster preparedness and response mechanisms. Local disaster management committee (PDMC, DDMC) are the main organizations responsible for disaster response, preparedness, mitigation and recovery.

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HFA 1: 4 - A national multi sectoral platform for disaster risk reduction is functioning.

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X

Indonesia X

Lao PDR X

Philippines X X X

Singapore X X

Viet Nam X X X X

Cambodia To ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of emergency relief and response operation, NCDM has established multi-sectoral working group. The working group composed of government ministries, NGOs, humanitarian agencies, UN agencies represent by WFP in the country and international agencies.

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HFA Priority Area 2

Risk identificationIdentify, assess and monitor disaster risks

and enhance early warning

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HFA 2: 1 - National and local risk assessments based on hazard data and vulnerability information are available and include risk assessments for

key sectors.

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X X

Indonesia X X X

Lao PDR X X

Philippines X X X

Singapore X X X X X

Viet Nam X X X

Singapore has completed the tsunami risk assessment on Singapore and has put in place a tsunami response plan from various agencies to deal with any tsunami threat.

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HFA 2: 2 - Systems are in place to monitor, archive and disseminate data on key hazards and vulnerabilities

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X

Indonesia X X X

Lao PDR X X X

Philippines X X

Singapore X X X X X

Viet Nam X X X X

Indonesia At the national level, monitoring, archiving and dissemination of data on hazards, such as floods, volcanic eruption, landslides, earthquake monitoring, etc., have been made available. However, when such data and information reach the local intended area, the utilization and dissemination of that information is still not optimal due to lack of systematic information dissemination, as well as limitations of existing capacity.

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HFA 2: 3 - Early warning systems are in place for all major hazards, with outreach to communities.

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X

Indonesia X X X X

Lao PDR X X X

Philippines X X X

Singapore X X X X X

Viet Nam X X X X

Indonesia Nationally-based early warning system for several major hazards has been made available and considered as quite functioning. Its dissemination has reached up to the community level prone to such hazards. Evaluation on early warning system at community level for several major hazards has also been undertaken professionally, with the support from experts from research institutes / universities / academicians so that this early warning system can be adapted into the local situation and condition, and include or consider the existing local wisdom. However, in some areas, due to lack of human resources and capacity, response to early warning system is often still limited.

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HFA 2: 4 - National and local risk assessments take account of regional / trans boundary risks, with a view to regional cooperation on risk

reduction.

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X

Indonesia X X X

Lao PDR X X X

Philippines X X

Singapore X X X X X

Viet Nam X X

Viet Nam At national level, the bi/multilateral corporations with other countries in Mekong region like Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia through MRC have achieved some preliminary results such as the strategy for flood mitigation and management of the lower Mekong basin with a view to regional cooperation on risk reduction developed and implemented.

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HFA Priority Area 3

KnowledgeUse knowledge , innovation and education to build a

culture of safety and resilience at all levels

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HFA 3: 1 - Relevant information on disasters is available and accessible at all levels, to all stakeholders (through networks, development of

information sharing systems etc)

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X

Indonesia X X X

Lao PDR X X X

Philippines X X X

Singapore X X X X X

Viet Nam X X X X

Singapore SCDF has invested heavily in training programmes and facilities. Specialist and command-related courses arm the staff with the necessary skills to perform their duties. Two purpose-built training facilities: the Civil Defence Academy and the Basic Rescue Training Centre, provide some of the most advanced training facilities available in the region.

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HFA 3: 2 - School curricula , education material and relevant trainings include disaster risk reduction and recovery concepts and practices.

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X X

Indonesia X X

Lao PDR X X

Philippines X X

Singapore X X X X X

Viet Nam X X X

Philippines Disasters are part of social studies and science curriculum and values integration in the primary and secondary public school curriculum. College and masteral subjects that deal with certain aspects of disasters and disaster management are offered in a few universities such as the tertiary degree course in disaster risk management in Camarines State Agricultural College and as an area of concentration for a masteral degree in public management in Bicol University.

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HFA 3: 3 - Research methods and tools for multi-risk assessments and cost benefit analysis are developed and strengthened.

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X

Indonesia X

Lao PDR X

Philippines X X

Singapore X X X X X

Viet Nam X X

Indonesia Various stakeholders, especially from the academicians/universities stakeholder group, have developed some tools for multi-risks assessment and analysis. However, these tools are still limited and are emphasizing more on hazards assessment. Under the coordination of Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana and Research and Technology Ministry, a team of experts has been established and it consists of experts from relevant field from various institutions. Currently, this team is in the process of finalizing the national guidelines on multi-hazards risk-assessment and analysis.

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HFA 3: 4 - Countrywide public awareness strategy exists to stimulate a culture of disaster resilience, with outreach to urban and rural

communities.

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X X

Indonesia X X

Lao PDR X X X

Philippines X X

Singapore X X X X X

Viet Nam X X X X

Singapore SCDF has introduced a multitude of programmes to equip the population with knowledge and skills to deal with emergencies. SCDF has in place the Community Emergency Preparedness Programme (CEPP), which is a modular- based programme that provides both theory and practical training in First-Aid, Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation, Fire Safety and Casualty Evacuation, Emergency Preparedness and Emergency Preparedness for Unconventional Threats.

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HFA Priority Area 4

Reducing the underlying risk factors

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HFA 4: 1 - Disaster risk reduction is an integral objective of environment related policies and plans, including for land use natural resource

management and adaptation to climate change.

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X X

Indonesia X X X

Lao PDR X X X

Philippines X X X

Singapore X X

Viet Nam X X

Viet Nam The 5 year socio-economic development plan (2006-2010) has mentioned matters related to natural disaster mitigation. The cooperation with international organizations, nations and non-government organizations in disaster mitigation such as UNDP, UNESCAP, WB, ADB, etc., has been increased, particularly the cooperation in DRR and Climate Change projects and programs with the emphasis on the integration of DRR into the policies / programs on environment, such as the land use policies, natural resource management policies and climate change adaptation policies.

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HFA 4: 2 - Social development policies and plans are being implemented to reduce the vulnerability of populations most at risk.

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X X

Indonesia X X

Lao PDR X

Philippines X X

Singapore X X X X X

Viet Nam X X X X

Lao PDR Recognizing the increasing importance of disaster risk reduction, the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (2007-2011) seeks to support the Government of Lao PDR’s Sixth Five Year National Socio Economic Development Plan (2006-2010). Under this UNDAF, disaster risk management is listed as a key area for cooperation and one of the critical components of poverty reduction framework.

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HFA 4: 3 - Economic and productive sectoral policies and plans have been implemented to reduce the vulnerability of economic activities

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X

Indonesia X

Lao PDR X

Philippines X

Singapore X X X X X

Viet Nam X X X X

Philippines Very little has been done to protect economic activities and productive sectors. Although some private enterprises may have business continuity plans, how well these are linked with a local government’s contingency plan leaves many doubts. This is because DCCs rarely, if any, involved the private sector. Makati City is among the few exceptions. Crop insurance for palay and high value crops and livestock insurance through the Philippine Crop Insurance Corp. (PCIC) are available but many farmers do not subscribe for reasons usually ascribed to as financial.

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HFA 4: 4 - Planning and management of human settlements incorporate disaster risk reduction elements, including enforcement of building codes.

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X X

Indonesia X

Lao PDR X

Philippines X X

Singapore X X X X

Viet Nam X X X X

Viet Nam The document called “Plan for 2006 and main objectives and tasks for the next 5 year” of the Construction Sector, there is no sight of integration of natural disaster mitigation. The plan as a whole is merely for developing the sector in terms of technical aspect and growth. Main tasks and solutions of the Construction Sector that are related directly to natural disaster prevention, response and mitigation are designing and implementing construction planning, especially in the sites that are frequently suffered from natural disaster.

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HFA 4: 5 - Disaster risk reduction measures are integrated into post disaster recovery and rehabilitation processes

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X

Indonesia X X X

Lao PDR X X

Philippines X X

Singapore X

Viet Nam X X X X

Indonesia There have been efforts to integrate DRR into recovery and rehabilitation processes post disaster. For example, the reconstruction of collapsed building or infrastructure as a result of disaster, are then rebuild as disaster resistant building. The Department of Health has also developed policy related to reconstruction of damaged hospital due to disasters by utilizing DRR norms.

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HFA 4: 6 - Procedures are in place to assess the disaster risk impacts of major development projects, especially infrastructure.

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X

Indonesia X X X

Lao PDR X X

Philippines X X

Singapore X X

Viet Nam X X

Cambodia There are developments of procedures, guidelines and methods to assess the flood risk impacts on major development projects, especially infrastructures. For instance, under Component (2) “ Flood Proofing and Structural Measures” and Component (5) “Land Use Management” of Flood Management and Mitigation Programme of MRC, some procedures, guidelines and methods are being developed

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HFA Priority Area 5

Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response

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HFA 5: 1 - Strong policy, technical and institutional capacities and mechanisms for disaster risk management, with a disaster risk reduction

perspective are in place.

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X X

Indonesia X X X

Lao PDR X X

Philippines X X X

Singapore X X X X X

Viet Nam X X X

Viet Nam Ministries and local governments have reviewed, and improved the system of the flood and storm control as well as search and rescue in order to meet the requirements of the DRR in the face of increasing negative impacts of natural disasters. For example, ministry of home affairs in close collaboration with MARD, relevant ministries, and provincial/city governments developed a proposal for reviewing, adjusting, and establishing the supporting agencies for DRR implementation at all levels.

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HFA 5: 2 - Disaster preparedness plans and contingency plans are in place at all administrative levels, and regular training drills and rehearsals

are held to test and develop disaster response programmes.

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X X

Indonesia X X

Lao PDR X

Philippines X X X

Singapore X X X X X

Viet Nam X X X X X

Singapore The SCDF has developed a comprehensive set of emergency preparedness plan which includes the Community Emergency Preparedness Programme, conducted community exercises, developed the civil emergency handbook to members of public

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HFA 5: 3 - Financial reserves and contingency mechanisms are in place to support effective response and recovery when required.

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X

Indonesia X X X X

Lao PDR X

Philippines X X

Singapore X X X X

Viet Nam X X X X

Indonesia The government has made available emergency/buffer stocks as emergency preparedness measures at national, provincial and district/municipality level. These buffer stocks consist of humanitarian needs, such as tents, rice, public kitchen, food, clothing, and health basic needs. Meanwhile, contingency or “on call” budget has also been made available in the amount of IDR 40 -50 billion and can be added if or when required. BNPB is currently in the process of establishing its Technical Operational Unit (Unit Pelaksana Teknis/UPT) in certain parts of the country. These UPTs will function as training centers as well as hubs for emergency/buffer stocks.

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HFA 5: 4 - Procedures are in place to exchange relevant information during hazard events and disasters, and to undertake post-event reviews

1 2 3 4 5

Cambodia X X

Indonesia X X X

Lao PDR X

Philippines X X X

Singapore X X X X X

Viet Nam X X X X

Cambodia There are some achievements in terms of planning to exchange the relevant information during hazard events, including a draft National Policy for Emergency Management formulated by NCDM; Disaster Emergency Response formulated by the Cambodian Red Cross, Disaster Preparedness Plan formulated by Provincial Committee for Disaster Management in Svay Rieng province, Flood Emergency Management Strengthening (FEMS) programme of MRC/ADPC in provinces of Prey Veng, Kandal and Kratie; etc.

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Opportunities for Follow-up by this group under AADMER

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Opportunities for Follow-up

From Laws and Strategies to Action and Investment National DRR Strategies adopted/exist in the following

countries:– Cambodia– Philippines– Thailand– Viet Nam– Indonesia

National DRR Strategies under development– Myanmar

Gaps and opportunities are known National implementation plan being developed

– Viet Nam

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Lessons Learned from HFA Reporting

source: UNDP

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Lessons Learned from HFA Reporting (1/3)

Based on findings from the joint UNISDR/UNDP initiative to support national HFA reporting capacities in selected countries*

Positive Effects of HFA Reporting:– Reached out to new stakeholders, usually not part of official DRR

functions– More commitment towards shared responsibilities to achieve DRR

objectives– Humanitarian sector more aware of relationship of DRR and

development/MDG (Bangladesh)– Learning and capacity building, esp. of newly appointed HFA focal

organizations– Opportunities to review long-term national DRR visions and priorities in

relation to HFA (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Philippines)– Enhanced capacity of NDMOs to initiate strategic analysis of DRR

(Nepal, Sri Lanka)– HFA reporting more widely accepted as important political obligation and

plans to institutionalize the process in some countries

*Indonesia, Maldives, Sri Lanka, India, Philippines, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Lao PDR

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Lessons Learned from HFA Reporting (2/3)

Challenges encountered during HFA Reporting:

– Comprehensiveness of reports is determined by the level of participation of sectors and stakeholders

– Individuals tasked to coordinate progress review did not have adequate training in DRR monitoring and evaluation

– Limited networking and facilitation skills weakened the consultation processes

– Tight reporting schedules and deadlines put additional pressures– Commitment of HFA Focal Point influenced effectiveness of reporting– Assessment of progress often subjective with little objective evidence

provided– HFA reporting framework lacks a section on profiling risks and baseline

information– Some repetitions and overlaps in reports due to nature of the five HFA

priorities– Difficulty of non-native speakers to fully grasp meaning of progress

indicators and drivers

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Lessons Learned from HFA Reporting (3/3)

Recommendations for Immediate Follow-up Action:

– Review of HFA reporting guidelines and ‘HFA Monitor’ by those involved in the current reporting cycle

– Analysis of trends and patterns of reporting, including strengths and weaknesses

– Identify strategy to close eventual information gaps of national reports

– UNISDR and UNDP to continue their collaboration to: • Carry out a training needs assessment of focal organizations/

individuals designated with HFA reporting functions• Devise a strategy to build M&E capacities (as part of UNDP

systematic DRR capacity assessment process)• consider developing and roll-out of a training module on HFA/DRR

monitoring & reporting– Clarify supportive role and operational responsibilities of regional and

sub-regional organizations and institutions in the reporting process.

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Disaster risk reduction is everyone’s business.

Thank you for your attention

www.unisdr.org www.unisdr.org/asiapacific