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www.spin-safety.orgCreated by Herbert Oxendine, CSP
The History of Explosives...
Created by Herbert Oxendine, CSP
Disclaimer
The information presented in this presentation has been compiled from sources believed to be reliable and is intended to be a tool to assist and guide you in building your own presentation. This program may not address all the hazardous conditions or unsafe acts that may exist. For that reason, SPIN cautions users to confirm accuracy and compliance with the latest standards and best practices. Local, State/Provincial and Federal regulations take precedence over this material. Implementation of any practices suggested by this program is at your sole discretion, and SPIN will have no liability to any party for any damages including, but not limited to, direct, indirect, special or consequential damages, arising out of or in connection with the information provided or its use.
Created by Herbert Oxendine, CSP
Black Powder
Saltpeter or “Nitre” Chinese as early as
the 10th Century Roger Bacon
published formula in 1242
Berthold Schwartz invented Gun ~ 1300
Created by Herbert Oxendine, CSP
Black Powder
First Powder Mill in Massachusetts in 1675 Americans first blasted with powder around
1773 American Revolution hastened
manufacture of black powder New frontiers required blasting to build
roads and canals for transporting goods and people (early 1800s)
What is This?Baptist Church?
Dance Hall?
Powder MagazineColonial Williamsburg,
VA.
How Important was Black Powder?
Guard House Location 10’ Wall Storage
Created by Herbert Oxendine, CSP
Discovered by Ascanio Sobrero in 1846
Nobel built factory in 1861
Nobel Patented Dynamite in 1867
Problems included fumes, freezing, & headaches
750 million pounds manufactured in 1955
Nitroglycerin and Dynamite
Dynamite - from Dynamis, meaning power
Created by Herbert Oxendine, CSP
Ammonium Nitrate
Synthesized in 1659 by J. R. Glauber
Used for fertilizer and explosives products
Texas City explosion ANFO Pros: Easier to load, cheaper,
and safer than dynamite Cons: desensitized by water Over 2.2 Billion pounds
manufactured in 1974
Created by Herbert Oxendine, CSP
Water Gels
Developed in 1940s to solve the water problem
Non-Nitroglycerin Use increased
with development of equipment for drilling large diameter holes
Pros: economics, loading density, low sensitivity, water resistance, no nitroCons: needs sensitizer, not for small holes
Created by Herbert Oxendine, CSP
Binary/Two Component Explosives
Usually consist of Ammonium Nitrate (sensitizer) and Nitromethane (fuel)
Advantages include:– not a Class A explosive until mixed– no danger of fire while in storage– available in correct type and size– can deactivate after mixing– will detonate at minus 140F
Disadvantages include:– cost– time required to mix
Created by Herbert Oxendine, CSP
Initiation Devices
Safety Fuse Fuse Caps Electric Blasting Caps Delay Caps Vented Caps Composition Caps Detonating Cord Nonelectric Delay Caps Shock Tube
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