Www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Community Resilience Building safer and more resilient communities Development and Humanitarian Action Asia

www.ifrc.orgSaving lives, changing minds.

Community Resilience

Building safer and more resilient communities

Development and Humanitarian Action

Asia Pacific Cooperation Seminar

Red Cross Society of China (RCSC)

Chinese Academy of Governance, Beijing

2013, September, 3 – 8

Martin Faller, IFRC HoRD East Asia




Building Safer... and More Resilient Communities

…through integration



Examples for discussion and work on resilience


Community Resilience 1. What is Resilience?

For the IFRC, resilience is defined as:The ability of individuals, communities, organisations, or countries exposed todisasters and crises and underlying vulnerabilities to:

1. anticipate,2. reduce the impact of,3. cope with,4. and recover from the effects of

adversity without compromising their long-term prospects.




Community Resilience Implications

As one way of mobilising funds, the IFRC’s General Assembly has decided that we should target investing at least 10 percent of any emergency appeal for the strengthening of resilience work. We are counting on back donor support to make this a reality.


Community Resilience 5 PRINCIPLES in

strengthening resilience

1) Accepting PEOPLE must come FIRST

Resilience is not something outsiders can do or bring to individuals or communities. The starting point for any humanitarian or development support must be recognition and appreciation of the efforts of individuals and their households and communities to strengthen their own resilience.



2) Respect LOCAL OWNERSHIPLocal ownership, assets and capacity must be fully respected and relations with local government and other local actors strengthened. Dependency on outside support or substitution should be avoided as much as possible.

5 PRINCIPLES in strengthening resilience



3) COMPREHENSIVE cross sector assessments, planning and implementation

Understanding the diverse underlying causes of vulnerability and disaster and crisis risks requires holistic assessments, planning and implementation across various sectors.



Community Resilience 2. How to strengthen resilience?

4) LONG TERM PERSPECTIVE

Strengthening resilience does not happen overnight and requires long-term engagement and investment.



Community Resilience 2. How to strengthen resilience?

5) Working in Partnership

Creating and brokering relevant partnerships or advocating for support, especially in areas which are not in the core of Red Cross Red Crescent expertise or mandate. We can play an important role in facilitating support from a range of stakeholders.




SEVEN Characteristics of resilientcommunities

<1> A resilient community is knowledgeable and healthy. It has the ability to assess, manage and

monitor its risks. It can learn new skills and build on past experiences.

First aid training in DPRK



<2> A resilient community is organised. It has the capacity to identify problems, establish priorities and act.


VCA in Philippines



<3> A resilient community is engaged in the development of local policy for reducing risks

People meeting with local Development Committee




<4> A resilient community is connected. It has relationships with external actors who provide a wider

Community groups in Vietnam

supportive environment, and supply goods and services when needed.




<5> A resilient community has infrastructure and services. It has astrong system in place to help mitigatefor instance climate change. It has the ability to maintain, repair and renovate the system.


“I use this tube well for washing, cleaning, cooking and bathing. Earlier I had to walk one kilometre to get drinking water and used the stale pond water for

washing and bathing” With the support of the Bangladesh Red Crescent



<6> A resilient community has economic opportunities. It has a diverse range of employment opportunities, income and financial services. It is flexible, resourceful and has the capacity to accept

uncertainty and respond (proactively) to change.


Livelihood project by Timor Leste Red Cross 2005 – formed farmers’ groups, agricultural training by local Dept, repair irrigation schemes. Since then, problem of food shortage reduced



<7> A resilient community can manage its natural assets. It recognises their value and has the ability to protect, enhance and maintain them.


Community forestry in Cambodia



What Characteristics does a community need to have to be resilient ?



IFRC Investment in DRR for Resilience Building

2009 2010 2011 2012

CHF 68.1 million

CHF 88.1 million

CHF 95.3 million

CHF 109.8 million


Community Resilience People reached with DRR : 2009 – 2012

Africa Americas Asia-Pacific Europe MENA

02000000400000060000008000000

10000000120000001400000016000000

2009 2010

2011 2012



Cost Benefit Analysis: « Prevention is Better Than Cure »

Country Project Lifespan Benefit/cost ratio

Nepal Integrated DRR programme 2006-2021 19

Philippines Hanging footbridge 2004-2018 24

Sea wall 2000-2019 5

Dyke/embankment 2000-2014 0.7

Sudan

Field terracing 2005-2015 >25

Dam/embankment 2005-2015 2.4

Communal garden 2004-2014 >25

Retention pond 2005-2020 2.7

Viet Nam Mangrove plantation 1997-2005 55.49

Bangladesh mitigation, LH support, and local

DR capacity building 2005-2011 3.91



Integrated Community ResilienceExamples and analysis



Resilient Community

Health/CBHFA

Livelihoods

CBDP/CBDRRWat-san

Climate Change Adaptation Volunteers

VolunteersVol

unte

ers

Volunteers

Possible Interventions to Reduce Vulnerabilities



DRR – South-east Asia Framework

Resilient community

DM/DRR

Health

Watsan

Livelihood

Shelter

Other sectors




DP

Livelihood,

Health & Care,WatSan

OD

Harmonization

Climate change

Social inclusion

Gender

Economy

participatory

participatory

partic

ipat

or

yDRR –East Asia

Framework



Resilience work done in DPRK

Construction of river embankment by RC youth & volunteer and community people in Yonggwang County, South Hamgyong Province in 2012.

Dam constructed by communities in Paeksan-ri, Kumya County of South Hamgyong Province in 2011.

78 households and 150 hectors of cropland have been protected from flooding and have supported by irrigating 200 ha of cropland.

Tree planting have prevented the communities from flashfloods and land slides. Farmers practicing slope farming have benefited with trainings provided on land use and agro forestry through which their livelihood have improved. Greenhouse in Yangdok county of South Pyongan

province. Total size of the greenhouse 600 m2 . Project supported the elderly and women with increased income. Vegetables from the greenhouse have been supporting the vulnerable community people with their livelihood. Income generated from these greenhouses have been used in the project communities to carry out small-scale mitigation structure construction



减灾防灾健康促进生计发展人道传播Disaster risk reduction, health promotion;

Livelihood development, dissemination

推动社区治理提升社区能力促进社区发展Community management, capacity building, community-based development

推动社区治理提升社区能力促进社区发展Community management, capacity building, community-based development

能力建设CB

组织发展OD

生计发展Livelihood

主要活动Activities

内容Contents

目标Objectives

减灾设施DRR Facility

2 、采取行动——以项目主主导（博爱家园项目） Actions taken – Programme Oriented : ICR Programme (Bo Ai Jia Yuan )

Integrated Community Resilience RCSC



博爱家园 ICR programme基层组织和志愿者队伍社区精神文明建设模式利民工程致富基金Grassroots unit + volunteer team

Red Cross development model

Capacity building

Livelihood fund

Integrated Community Resilience RCSC



Resilience: experiences and messages to be conveyed

Early response is far more cost effective than late humanitarian response.

Building resilience is initially expensive but saves money over time.

There are many resilience building measures that are likely to be value for money.

Disaster recovery takes longer (or may be impossible) when a community is not resilient.

.



Thank you!谢谢 !

Documents

Www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. Community Resilience Building safer and more resilient communities Development and Humanitarian Action Asia