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October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
Design for Health
Safety
1. Why Safety?
2. Speakers
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
Why Safety?
• Accidents: In home and outdoors– 40,000 deaths in car crashes per year; 4,700 pedestrians and
570 cyclists (Source: CDC 2000)• Violence: In home, school, and in the public realm
– Annually, over the 5-year period from 1998 to 2002, teachers were the victims of approximately 234,000 total nonfatal crimes at school, including 144,000 thefts and 90,000 violent crimes (rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault) (Bureau of Justice Statistics 2004).
• Crime: Fear and reality– Even perceived crime can affect behavior
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
Street Crime
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
Quality of Life Calls
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
Why Safety?Bicycle and Pedestrian Crashes 1998-2002
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
Bicycle and Pedestrian Crashes, 1998-2002
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
PovertyRed = Above average people in poverty, seniors, children, and car-less
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
Bicycle and Pedestrian Crashes, 1998-2002
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
• What about local research?
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
Twin Cities Walking Study
• Looked at disorder and physical activity• No (unadjusted) association between overall physical activity or
overall walking measured by accelerometer, survey, or diary and– litter, graffiti, visible dumpsters (measured by observers in the
field)• Travel walking (via dairy)
– Positive association with litter (unadjusted, small)• Leisure walking (via diary)
– Negative association with leisure walk (unadjusted, small)
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
Twin Cities Walking Study
• Looked at 100+ survey questions about the social and physical environment and total physical activity measured by accelerometer including questions on:– traffic– pedestrian safety– recreation facilities– Sidewalks– Trees– Architecture– neighbors – Location and accessibility
• Looked for significant correlations with both mean and median accelerometer readings (to eliminate “blips) but unadjusted
•
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
Twin Cities Walking StudyPositive associations• 7 of 8 questions about recognizing and socializing with neighbors• 2 of 3 crime questions: Crime rate makes it unsafe during the day +
night• “Many places to go within walking distance” • “Streets in my neighborhood are hilly” • 2 of 37 different destinations: closeness book store, job
Negative associations• My neighborhood has several free or low cost recreation facilities”
and walking the dog (most negative!)
• Wider literature had mixed findings about perceived safety and physical activity
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
Design for Health
www.designforhealth.net
October 25/26, 2006 www.designcenter.umn.edu
Design for Health
Speakers– Kristen Day, UC Irvine
Fear and Safety in Public Spaces– Wendy Sarkissian, FAPI, Sarkissian Associates
Safety and CPTED
