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Community semantics and interoperability: the ISO/TC 211 framework and the “Hollow World”
Simon Cox
CSIRO Exploration and Mining
6 September 2005
Application schema
Outline
ISO framework for community application schemas
Example of process & product in geoscience
Some issues
Application schema
Premise: communication occurs within communities
Successful information transfer occurs when parties share a common language
This also applies to transfer of technical data
How much is “common”?
Concepts
Models and structures
Vocabularies
Encodings
Application schema
Developing a community language
Two purposes:
1. Common understanding of a particular application field.
2. Create schema for data management.
Stepwise process:
1. Survey requirements from field of application (Universe of Discourse).
2. Identify feature types, their properties and constraints.
3. Describe application schema in a formal modelling language.
4. Integrate formal application schema with other standardized schemas, (spatial schema, quality schema, etc.)
ISO 19109 Geographic Information – Rules for Application Schema
Application schema
Domain-specific feature types - geology
Borehole collar location shape collar diameter length operator logs related observations …
Fault shape surface trace displacement age …
Ore-body commodity deposit type host formation shape resource estimate …
Observation time target/location property procedure +
operator result …
Conceptual classification
Multiple geometries
License area issuer holder interestedParty shape(t) right(t) …
“Natural” features
Constructed artefacts
Artefacts of investigation
Application schema
Structure of a feature-type
Application schema
Relationships between feature types
Application schema
ISO/TC 211- Implementation
19103 – conceptual schema language
Profile of UML
19118 – encoding rules (UMLXML)
19136 – Geography Markup Language
WXS implementation of Features, Geometry, Temporal, CRS
Application schema
Modelling methodology
1. Get key community representatives engaged
Application schema
IUGS-CGI “Model and encoding task group”
2003 November – BGS Edinburgh
28 people from 15 geological surveys
2004 April – GSC Ottawa
4 people from USGS, GSC, CSIRO
2004 December – CSIRO Perth
11 from USGS, AZGS, GSC, BGS, GSJ, GSV, GSWA, GSNSW, CSIRO
2005 August – GSC Ottawa
8 from:USGS, AZGS, GSC, BGS,GSV, CSIRO
Application schema
Modelling methodology
1. Get key community representatives engaged
2. Design using UML class diagrams use “Hollow World” UML template
includes selection of ISO, OGC and SEE Grid models
implements ISO 19103 profile of UMLi.e. compatible with GML meta-model & mapping rules
Application schema
Hollow-world in UML IDE
Application schema
Modelling methodology
1. Get key community representatives engaged
2. Design using UML class diagrams
use “Hollow World” UML template
includes selection of ISO, OGC and SEE Grid models
implements ISO 19103 profile of UMLi.e. compatible with GML meta-model & mapping rules
3. Use hand-coded sample instance documents to test model – iterate
Application schema
Serialization for transfer
<sa:Specimen gml:id="sp1" … >
<gml:description>Specimen test instance</gml:description>
<gml:name>Specimen test 1</gml:name>
<sa:location> … </sa:location>
<sa:sampledOn xlink:href="http://my.big.org/station/st13"/>
<sa:sampleTime ></gml:TimeInstant … /></sa:sampleTime >
<sa:material codeSpace=“urn:x-seegrid:lexicon:specimenType">chips</sa:material>
<sa:mass uom=“kg">0.35</sa:mass>
<sa:reportingSpecimen xlink:href="http://my.big.org/specimen/sp34"/>
<sa:processingStep> … </sa:processingStep>
<sa:processingStep xlink:href="http://my.big.org/pst/p98"/>
<sa:relatedObservation xlink:href="http://my.big.org/obs/m45"/>
</sa:Specimen>
Application schema
Modelling methodology
1. Get key community representatives engaged
2. Design using UML class diagrams
use “Hollow World” UML template
includes selection of ISO, OGC and SEE Grid models
implements ISO 19103 profile of UMLi.e. compatible with GML meta-model & mapping rules
3. Use hand-coded sample instance documents to test model – iterate
4. Link with utility and related packages
Application schema
GeoSciML – package dependencies
Application schema
ISO/TC 211- Standard models and components
19123 – coverage schema
continuous data, grids
19107 – spatial schema
geometry & topology
19111 – coordinates & reference systems
influenced by EPSG/POSC
19108 – temporal schema
temporal objects and reference systems
19141 – moving-features schema
UML class models
Application schema
GML
Assembling an application schema - GeoSciML
O&M/XMML
NADM
GSV
Application schema
Modelling methodology
1. Get key community representatives engaged
2. Design using UML class diagrams use “Hollow World” UML template
includes selection of ISO, OGC and SEE Grid models
implements ISO 19103 profile of UMLi.e. compatible with GML meta-model & mapping rules
3. Use hand-coded sample instance documents to test model – iterate
4. Link with utility and related packages
5. Generate XML Schema (GML Application Schema) either by hand following UML2GMLAS rules or
from XMI using ShapeChange application
… “Model Driven Architecture”
6. Publish model and service profiles Feature-type catalogue
UML/XMI, XML Schema, OWL?, ISO 19126??
Registry …
Application schema
Issues: observational data
Scientific data is different …
Property values are often estimated, not assigned
observation procedures and uncertainty
“property-level” metadata
<LithostratigraphicUnit>
<beddingThickness basis="http://your.serious.org/observations/d1.xml">
<NumericValue>
<qualifier>mostly</qualifier>
<principalValue uom="m">0.35</principalValue>
<plusDelta uom="m">0.05</plusDelta>
<minusDelta uom="m">0.025</minusDelta>
</NumericValue>
</beddingThickness>
</LithostratigraphicUnit>
Application schema
Package of feature types for observational data
Application schema
Issues: property values
You ain’t finished yet … structure is not enough
scales, units of measure required for numeric values
vocabularies/lexicons required for category values
definitions may refer to prototype or exemplar feature instances …
Application schema
Issues: registration and governance
Users must have access to language definition, in order to use data and services
feature-types and lexicons must be registered
community must use an orderly governance process
ISO 19135: Procedures for Registration of Items of Geographic Information
Application schema
ISO/TC 211- Governance
19109 – feature model
19110 – feature cataloging
… a community vocabulary
19126 – data dictionary registers and feature catalogue registers
19135 – Procedures for registration of items
governance principles
19115 – dataset metadata
19119 – service metadata
Application schema
Summary
ISO provides framework for developing application language for geospatial communities
methodology
standard components
Elements:
Concepts – feature-catalogue
Models and structures – UML application schema
Vocabularies – ontologies?
Encodings – GML application schema
Application schema
More info
SEE Grid TWiki
https://www.seegrid.csiro.au
Standards framework for geospatial information
https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/Infosrvices/StandardsFramework
Information models and community languages
https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/Infosrvices/InformationViewpoint
UML & GML
https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/Xmml/UmlGml
https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/Xmml/UmL2GMLAS
www.csiro.au
Thank You
CSIRO Exploration and Mining
Name Simon Cox
Title Research Scientist
Phone +61 8 6436 8639
Email [email protected]
Web www.seegrid.csiro.au
Contact CSIRO
Phone 1300 363 400
+61 3 9545 2176
Email [email protected]
Web www.csiro.au
Application schema
Application schemas build on common components
Application schema
Open Geospatial Consortium
Primarily a vendor consortium,
Implementation specifications
Service interfaces
Data encodings
Interoperability projects
Application schema
From discourse to data
Application schema
OGC - Service interfaces (selection)
Web Map Service
Fixed resolution maps (styled)
Web Feature Services
Fine-grained data access – object-oriented
Web Coverage Service
Access to continuous data
Catalogue Service
Data/service discovery – metadata
Sensor Web
live data, tasking and scheduling
adapt for simulation services
Application schema
OGC Services
Application schema
OGC - Information standards & profiles
Geography Markup Language
Observations and Measurements
Core catalogue record
Map context
state, data product
Styled-layer descriptor
Gazetteer profile for WFS
GML implementation of ISO 19112
XLS for Location-based-services
Application schema
Four layer model
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