WWII

World War II Begins

Section 13.2

Mr. Reilly when students don’t know their learning objectives.

Agenda for Today

• 13.2 Slide Show

• Write Headline and paragraph about the Fall of France

• Homework– Finish Newspaper

paragraph by Thursday

Let’s Review

• Treaty that ended WWI– How did it treat Germany?

• What did the Nazis believe (Their ideology)?

• How did British Prime Minister Chamberlain handle Hitler’s demands for the Sudetenland?

• What was the Molotov-Ribbentrop (Non-Aggression) Pact?

• Why did Hitler find this treaty important?

• What happened on September 1, 1939?

ObjectivesMr. Reilly, don’t cry. By the end of this lesson I

will be able to:• Describe the invasion of Poland in

September of 1939 and how the German Blitzkrieg overwhelmed Polish forces

• Define and describe the ineffectiveness of the Maginot Line of France

• Explain the importance of the Miracle of Dunkirk and how the British Army was saved

• Describe the Fall of France and write a headline describing this event

Hitler Attacks

Describe the Invasion of Poland.• Hitler claimed Polish soldiers had

attacked German radio station• Used this as an excuse to invade

Poland Sept. 1, 1939• Blitzkrieg (lightning war)

– Germany’s New technique of war– Used speed & concentrated spear-

head attack to overwhelm opponents with planes, tanks, soldiers

– Polish army unable to hold off Germany

– Poland surrendered 29 days after war began

• Great Britain and France declared war on Germany

Why march this way?

The Invasion of PolandWhat does Poland’s geography lack that could have

protected them?

Poland collapsed in less than 1 month. But France was confident. Why?

The Alps

The Ardennes

British Army

The Maginot Line

What was the Maginot Line? Did it work?• Series of massive French fortresses

along German border• AKA French Wall of China• Believed to be impenetrable• Flanked in north by Ardennes Forest

– Ardennes thought to be too dense for tanks to travel

• German army bypassed Maginot Line and marched through Ardennes Forest– invaded Low Countries

(Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium) on May 10, 1940

– Caught British and French totally by surprise

• German army had both armies trapped

The Nazis had the entire BEF

(British Expeditionary Force) trapped on the beach of

Dunkirk.

Hitler gave the British two choices. Surrender and he would demand no territory from them. Fight and he would

destroy the country. What would you do?

What happened at Dunkirk? • British army (330 thousand) were

trapped on beach near town of Dunkirk

• Hitler had chance to crush British and win the war– Delayed by attacks from Royal Air

force• Winston Churchill

– New British Prime Minister called on British people to save the army

• The Miracle of Dunkirk– Hundreds of civilian and military

vessels evacuated entire British Army

– Saved the Allies and Great Britain (and possibly the US)

Click for Churchill Speech

How is this different from Chamberlain?

Describe the fall of Paris in June of 1940.• After Dunkirk, French Army was

devastated

• French government fled Paris as German Army approached

• French generals agreed to surrender Paris without a fight

– Why?

• German soldiers “goose-stepped” down Champs Elysées as citizens looked on in shocked silence

• France surrendered June 14,1940

• Only a weakened Great Britain stood in Hitler’s way to total victory

Europe 1940

Newspaper Headline• Write a headline, subheading and

paragraph that reflects the historical moment of this photograph.

Citizen of Paris watching German army march down Champs Elysées June 1940

Today’s Agenda

• Collect Headline/ Paragraph & Return other headline

• Continue 13.2

• Homework– Begin research on you HIPE Presentation– Be a Great American and do something nice for

someone

Today’s Objectives:

• Define the Blitz and list ways in which the RAF were able to overcome it (Blitz)

• Define and describe the platforms of the isolationists and the interventionists

• Describe the Lend-Lease program and how it drew the US closer to war

• List America’s responses to Japan’s aggression

Review

Hitler’s Road to War

1918 1921 1923 1928 1931 1933 1938 1939 1940

Hitler leads unsucessful

Coup

-NAZI party gains seats in

Reichstag-Wall Street

Crashes (1929)

Hitler appointed Chancellor-Becomes

Fuehrer when Hindenburg dies

-Germany signs Non Aggression Pact with USSR-Hitler invades

Poland

-WW I Ends

-Treaty of Versailles

German economy in

hyperinflation-Mein Kamf

General Franco seizes power

from Socialists in Spain

-Hitler later sends military

aid

Hitler takes Austria and

SudentenlandMunich Pact

brings “Peace for our time.”

NOT

-Miracle of Dunkirk-France

Surrenders-England stands alone

against Germany

What General Weygand has called Battle of France is over ... the

Battle of Britain is about to begin.“

— Winston Churchill

The Blitz

Describe the Battle of Britain.• Hitler wanted to invade England

but needed control of the air before he could send ships across English Channel

• Battle of Britain– Air war over England between

the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Luftwaffe

• RAF had advantages– Spitfire fighter plane was

slower than German Messerschmitt but more maneuverable

– RAF had more skilled pilots– Radar

• Alerted RAF to incoming German planes

– Code Breaking (Enigma) machine

“Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.” Churchill Referring to RAF saving England

What was the Blitz?• German Air force unable to gain

control of skies over England– Hitler resorted to nighttime

bombing• The Blitz

– Period of intense nighttime bombing raids by Germany air force on Great Britain

– From Sept. 1940-May 1941• Results

– Entire cities leveled– 40 thousand deaths

• 20 thousand in London alone)

• But– Did not demoralize British

people– Did not hamper British

production of war materials– Ended Hitler’s plan to invade

England

Europe in May 1941

Describe the Interventionist and Isolationist programs.

Interventionists•Wanted America to give material support to GB but not declare war of Germany

– Ships, weapons, loans

•Committee to Defend America

Isolationists•Wanted America to stay out of European war•America First Committee•Supported by pacifist, socialists, Democrats, and Republicans•Members included Hoover, Frank Lloyd Wright, Charles Lindberg

                                   

                   

Describe the issues surrounding the 1940 Presidential Election.

• FDR – broke 2 term tradition of

Washington by running• Major campaign issue

– Strong isolationist and non-interventionism sentiment in nation

• FDR – promised to keep US out of war if

elected– But transferred 50 old destroyers to

GB (in return for naval bases)– signed Selective Training and

Service Act• First peacetime draft in US

history– Secretly “sold” thousand of rifles to

British after Dunkirk

Cramps Ship Yard, Port Richmond, Philadelphia

Explain the point of view of this political cartoon (1940).

What was Operation Barbarossa 6/22/ 1941?• Operation Barbarossa

– German invasion of the Soviet Union

• Broke the Molotov Ribbentrop Pact

• Goals were to get: – Oil of Caucasus region– Wheat of Ukraine– Lebensraum for Germans

• 3 million German soldiers caught Soviet Army totally by surprise

• By Fall of 1941 German army– Within 25 miles of Moscow– Surrounded city of Leningrad– In city of Stalingrad

Describe the Lend-Lease Act & how it drew the US closer to war.

• Gave president right to sell, lend, lease weapons to Allies (including USSR)

• $50 billion to Allies– Lindberg- protested aid to

USSR• “barbaric & godless”

– FDR countered• ‘If a neighbor’s house

were on fire, you would loan that person your garden hose without worrying about the price.’

“If Hitler invaded Hell, I would at least make a favorable reference to

the Devil in the House of Commons”

Winston Churchill

Describe the Atlantic Charter and its goals. • Agreement between FDR

and Churchill– plan for the post war

world• Influenced by Wilson’s

Fourteen Points• Called for

– Freedom of nations– Free from fear – Freedom from aggression– Formation of the United

Nations• international

organization to protect security of others

Describe FDR’s response to Japan’s aggression in Asia?

• Ordered embargo on raw materials for war against Japan

– Scrap metal, aviation fuel, chemicals, machine parts, oil

• US supplied 80% of oil

• Froze Japanese assets in US and ended all trade (July of 1941)

• Results

– Japan was furious

– Joined Alliance with Germany and Italy called the Axis Powers

To die for Emperor and Nation is the highest hope of a military man. After a brave hard fight the blossoms are scattered on the fighting field. But if a person

wants to take a life instead, still the fighting man will go to eternity for Emperor and country. One man's life or death is a matter of no importance. All that matters

is the Empire.

• Admiral Yamamoto of Japanese Navy

What happened on December 7, 1941?• Japanese planes bombed American

military base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii• Attack planned by Japanese Admiral

Yamamoto– Had been educated in America– Knew US industrial power– Hoped for a sudden knockout punch to

America’s fleet• Especially the Aircraft Carrier ships

– Believed America was filled with selfish individuals afraid and unwilling to die for their country

– Would force America to resume trade– Yamamoto later said

• “I fear we have awaken a sleeping giant.”

A Day that will live in Infamy