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WORLD WAR I(AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE)
Reasons for the war to begin…• Industrialism
– Factory system– Made goods for trade… and then weapons
• Nationalism– Love and loyalty for your country– Desire to unite people under one nation
(gov’t)
• Imperialism– Rule of one country over another– Added strength to country (markets)– Wanted to protect colonies
Reasons for the war to begin…
• Militarism– Glory in war … only use of force could solve
problems– Military weapons and army build up
• Formation of alliances– Choosing “sides”– “friends” to protect and “back-up”– Led to mistrust between nations
• The Balkans = “powder keg”Fighting over international boundaries
(each ethnicity wanted to have its own country).
• Serbia wanted united the Serbs living in Austria into a “Greater Serbia”
Gavrilo Princip, Serbian
Triple Entente = Allies OR Allied Powers
Russia, France, Britain… then Serbia, Italy and the U.S.
Triple Alliance = Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy… then Turkey and Bulgaria
Gallipoli
The Gallipoli Campaign
-Turks joined Central Powers
-Br & Fr attacked to open seaport to get supplies to Russia (1915)
- Turkey placed mines in water around Dardanelles to keep Allies out and keep Russia stuck in Black Sea
Allies targeted Asia, Africa & Pacific Islands
(b/c Germany had colonies in these areas)
OTHERS JOINED ALLIES-Japan b/c promised control over
these areas-Africans b/c wanted freedom of
German rule-Arabs b/c wanted to be free of
Ottoman rule
April 1915 – Italy declares neutrality &
withdraws Had no love for Austria-
Hungary…didn’t care if A-H won or not
May 1915 – Italy re-enters on the side of
the AlliesPromised land in Africa…
ITALY SWITCHES
“Neutrality” and Economics
Loans- Loaned $1.5 billion to Allies- Allies used money to buy supplies
Shipping- Ger blocked Br food sources- Br blocked supply ships- interfered with each
countries’ shipping
Committee on Public Info
Changed names of products:- German measles- Hamburger- Sauerkraut
Committee on Public Info
Super-Americanism
Woodrow Wilson
"Any man who carries a hyphen about with him carries a dagger
that he is ready to plunge into the vitals of this Republic whenever
he gets ready."
Selective Service Act
2x more Black Americans…. segregated
Encouraged immigrants = assimilation
War Industries Board
assist factories transfer from peace to war
mass production of steel/tin
Food Administration
Commission for ReliefSent wheat to Europeans
War Bonds
the “Big Four” leaders
Britain: David Lloyd Georges
France: George Clemenceau
U.S.: Woodrow WilsonItaly: Vittorio Orlando
Germany: Wilhelm II
WilsonOrlandoLloyd Georges Clemenceau
League of Nations
International organization to work out disputes between countries to prevent future
wars
Weakness: didn’t have a military
1.Germany would lose land- its colonies
- to create Poland- to France for areas they had
taken over before the war
Treaty of Versailles
2. Germany had to pay reparations,
France wanted immediate payment of $5 billion and
later billed Germany for an additional $32 billion.
Treaty of Versailles
3. Germany to reduce its military
Treaty of Versailles
Four Empires Fell
German: PolandAustria-Hungary: Austria, Hungary,
Czechoslovakia, YugoslaviaOttoman: Jordan, Syria, Palestine,
IraqRussian: Finland, Poland, Latvia,
Lithuania, Estonia
Resulted in countries under foreign rule
•Austrians under Italian rule•Germans (in the Sudetenland)
under Czech rule•Germans (to the east) under
Polish rule•Hungarians under Romanian
rule
