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Mr Dale Bell Senior Planning Officer Department of Natural Resources and Mines South Region Centenary Square Building 52-64 Currie Street, PO Box 573 NAMBOUR QLD 4560

Email: PlanningServicesSouth@dnrm.qld.gov.au

Cc: James Purtill Director-General Department of Natural Resources and Mines

Email: James.Purtill@nrm.qld.gov.au

Date: 11th December 2015

Re: MSF application to lease Unallocated State Land (USL) at Churchill and Granville in the Wide Bay Burnett region

Dear Sir, WWF-Australia welcomes this opportunity to provide the following comments regarding the assessment of the Most Appropriate Use (MAU) that DNRM is conducting under section of the Lands Act 1994 for parcels of Unallocated State Land (USL) at Churchill and Granville in the Wide Bay Burnett region, which MSF’s is seeking to lease to grow sugarcane for ethanol production. Summary of key issues: Key issues associated with the proposed use of the USL at Churchill and Granville include:

• Significantly increasing sediment, nitrogen and pesticide loads, which will cause further degradation of marine water quality thereby breaching Governments commitments to reduce water quality impacts under Reef Plan and the Reef 2050 Long Term Sustainability Plan.

• Causing significant impacts to threatened species through the removal of essential habitat.

• Altering catchment hydrology, which will cause significant adverse impacts to groundwater dependent ecosystems, wetlands and the Great Sandy Straits Marine Park.

• Disrupting ecological connectivity, which will impede the migration of terrestrial species. • Causing significant greenhouse emissions as a result of vegetation clearing.

WWF Australia is confident that an objective evaluation of the most appropriate use would find that use to be nature conservation.

WWF-Australia Level 1, 17 Burnett Lane Brisbane QLD 4000 Postal: same as above

Tel: +61 7 3003 1480 Fax: +61 7 3229 4431 enquiries@wwf.org.au @WWF_Australia wwf.org.au ABN 57 001 594 074

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1. Physical values of the land The Fraser Coast region is recognised nationally and internationally for its unique environmental values, which provide a wide range of socioeconomic benefits that underpin the regions tourism industry and liveability. As they are in relatively pristine ecological condition, the parcels of USL at Churchill and Granville have been classified as having high ecological significance under the Wide Bay Burnett Regional Plan (Queensland Government 2011).

Due to their intact ecological values, the parcels of USL at Churchill and Granville provide an array of essential ecosystem services and functions such as maintaining water quality in waterways and the Great Sandy Straits Marine Park (also a RAMSAR listed wetland), providing habitat that supports a variety of species, storing carbon, protecting important fish habitat areas, groundwater dependent ecosystems and providing connectivity to enable species to migrate between protected areas (map showing state wildlife corridors and ecological connectivity shown is Appendix 1.)

Species likely to been found on the USL at Churchill and Granville are shown in Appendix 9 relative to nearby protected areas (Atlas of Living Australia 2015).

2. Constraints affecting potential use of the land Key constraints affecting the proposed use of the USL at Churchill and Granville to grow sugarcane to produce ethanol includes:

• Biodiversity loss: The clearing of remnant vegetation that will occur as a result of the proposed use of the USL will cause significant adverse impacts to endemic flora and fauna species – many of which are protected under the Nature Conservation Act as well as the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act.

• Alteration of catchment hydrology: Changes that occur to surface water flows and groundwater recharge as a result of the proposed use of the USL will significant alter the hydrology of the Susan River catchment, which will cause adverse impacts to the wetlands, groundwater dependent ecosystems and marine receiving waters, the Great Sandy Ramsar site in particular.

• Loss of ecosystem services and functions: Due to the resulting vegetation clearing and significant alteration of catchment hydrology, the proposed use of the USL will result in a significant loss of the ecosystem services and functions that are currently provided by the parcels of land at Churchill and Granville, which will cause significant adverse impacts to waterways, wetlands, groundwater dependent ecosystems and marine receiving waters

• Increased agricultural pollution: The cause of poor marine water quality leading to the increased regularity and severity of Crown of Thorns Starfish has been attributed to the increased levels of sediment, nitrogen and pesticides entering the GBR lagoon in runoff from sugarcane production areas. Based on current estimates of pollutant loads from the Burnett-Mary region, converting 4000 ha of USL that is in relatively pristine condition to sugarcane production will release an additional 856 tonnes of sediment, 16.7 tonnes of DIN (totally bioavailable nitrogen) and 70 kg of PSII herbicides per year to the regions waterways. This has the potential to cause significant adverse impacts the quality of marine receiving waters and degrade sea-grass areas

• Soil suitability: The Land Suitability for Irrigated Sugar Cane Report produced by DNRM shows the USL at Churchill and Granville predominantly contain Class 4 and 5 soils,

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which are unsuitable for sugarcane and most crop production. • Climate Change: As rainfall across the region has fallen below long-term averages over

recent years on a consistent basis due to climate change, this indicates that non-irrigated sugarcane production in the Wide Bay Burnett region is not viable.

• Environmental offsets: As the USL in question contains matters of state and national environmental significance (MSES, MNES), the proponent of the proposed use of the USL will be required to offset any residual adverse impacts that occur to protected species and ecological communities. Under the Environmental Offsets Act 2014, the proponent can either provide a land based offset or a financial settlement. For example, offsetting just 1000ha of Regional Ecosystem 12.3.11 the predominant RE on the Churchill that will be significantly impacted by the proposed use of the USL would amount to approximately $61 m

• RAMSAR listed wetlands: Water quality degradation caused by increased sediment, nitrogen and pesticide loads as a result of the proposed use of the USL is likely to cause adverse impacts to the values of the RAMSAR listed Great Sandy Straits Marine Park, which will affect dugongs, turtles and other marine species.

3. Consideration of any interests in the land When assessing the Most Appropriate Use (MAU) for the Unallocated State Land (USL) at Churchill and Granville, full consideration must be given to:

• The socioeconomic benefits that are delivered by the ecosystem services and functions provided by the ecological values of the USL, for example: maintaining water quality, reducing flood velocity, protecting fish habitat areas, reducing GHG emissions and others;

• Whether the proposed use of the USL will degrade environmental values that underpin the regions tourism industry;

• Whether the proposed use of the USL aligns with the Queensland and Australian Governments commitments to UNESCO contained in the Reef 2050 Long Term Sustainability Plan;

• Nearby areas that are suitable for sugarcane production where land clearing has already occurred. A list of lot numbers of already cleared suitable land is also contained in the Wide Bay Burnett Environment Councils submission to this assessment (Map showing areas suitable for sugarcane production shown in Appendix 4.)

4. State, regional, local and other strategies and policies State, regional, local and other strategies and policies that must be taken into consideration when assessing the Most Appropriate Use of the USL at Churchill and Granville includes:

4.1 Vegetation Management Act 1999 (VMA) As the proposed use of the parcels of USL in question will involve significant clearing of regualted vegetation, it is essential the MAU assessment must take into account the purpose of the VMA, particularly whether the proposed use of the USL will:

• Conserve endangered regional ecosystems, of concern regional ecosystems and of least concern regional ecosystem under s3 (1) (a)

• Not cause land degradation under s3 (1) (c) • Not cause biodiversity loss under s3 (1) (d)

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• Ensure ecological processes are maintained under s3 (1) (e) • Reduce greenhouse gas emissions under s3 (1) (g)

https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/legisltn/current/v/vegetmana99.pdf

(Map showing extent of regulated vegetation shown in Appendix 2.)

4.2 Water Resource (Mary Basin) Plan 2006 As the proposed use of the USL has the potential to cause significant impacts to water resources, it is essential that the objectives and strategies contained in the Water Resource (Mary Basin) Plan 2006 are taken into account when undertaking the MAU. In particular, the MAU assessment must consider whether the proposed use will:

• Have a detrimental affect on achieving the ecological objectives of the Water Resource (Mary Basin) Plan 2006, and

• Cause adverse impacts to the Environmental Flow Objectives (EFOs) and Water Allocation Security Objectives (WASOs) contained in the Water Resource (Mary Basin) Plan 2006

http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/W/WaterReMaryP06.pdf

4.3 Environmental Protection (Water) Policy 2009 As the proposed use of the USL has the potential to cause adverse water quality impacts, it is essential that the Environmental Values (EVs) and Water Quality Objectives (WQOs) that have been established for the Mary Basin (including the Susan River Catchment) under the Environmental Protection (Water) Policy 2009 are taken into account when assessing the Most Appropriate Use of the USL.

https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/water/policy/pdf/documents/mary-river-ev-2010.pdf 4.5 Wide Bay Burnett Regional Plan (WBBRP) As the pre-eminent planning framework for the region, it is essential that the MAU assessment takes into account the statutory policies, principles and desired regional outcomes contained in the WBBRP. The USL at Churchill and Granville is identified in the Regional Plan as having High Ecological Significance. Therefore the MAU assessment must specifically take into account the following statutory principles, policies and desired regional outcomes which are contained in WBBRP:

• 2.1.1: The region’s natural assets, biodiversity values and ecological services are protected, managed and enhanced to improve their resilience to
the anticipated effects of climate change and other threats

• 2.1.4: The values of regional biodiversity networks are protected for the long term through improved ecological connectivity, enhanced habitat extent and condition, and rehabilitation of degraded areas

• 2.4.2: Development compliments, protects and enhances landscape values and areas of significance, limiting impacts on these regional assets

• 3.2.1: Ecosystems are sustainably managed, ensuring their cultural, social, economic

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and environmental services and values are protected • 3.4.1 The region’s primary production areas are protected and sustainably managed to

ensure their continuing contribution to the economy, and to mitigate the anticipated effects of climate change

• Others

http://www.dilgp.qld.gov.au/resources/plan/wide-bay/wbb-regional-plan.pdf

4.6 State Planning Policy As the USL at Churchill and Granville has significant ecological values, it is essential that adverse impacts to the States interest in biodiversity, water quality and coastal environments under the State Planning Policy (SPP) potentially caused by the proposed use of the USL must be fully considered in the MAU assessment. http://www.dilgp.qld.gov.au/resources/policy/state-planning/state-planning-policy-jul-2014.pdf 4.7 Burnett Mary Natural Resource Management Plan As the proposed use of the USL is likely to cause significant adverse impacts to the regions natural resources, it is essential that the aspirations and resource condition targets contained in the Burnet Mary Natural Resource Management Plan are fully considered in the MAU assessment. http://nrmplan2015.bmrg.org.au 4.8 Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 As runoff from the USL at Churchill and Granville enters the Susan River which discharges into the Great Sandy Strait Marine Park, it is essential that adverse impacts potentially caused by the proposed use of the USL in question to RAMSAR listed wetlands and other Matters of National Environmental Significance (MNES) that are protected under the EPBC Act must be fully considered in the MAU assessment. https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2015C00422 4.9 Reef 2050 Long Term Sustainability Plan (Reef 2050 LTSP) As the Reef 2050 LTSP contains the commitments made by the Queensland and Australian Governments to avoid UNESCO placing the GBRWHA on the World Heritage In Danger list, it is essential that the actions, targets and other outcomes contained in the Reef 2050 LTSP are taken into account when assessing the MAU of the USL at Churchill and Granville. The Susan River and Mary River catchments are within the scope of the LTSP (see Fig.1 in the Plan). While all Reef 2050 LTSP commitments must be taken into account, the MAU must specifically considered how the proposed use of the USL will:

• Deliver a Net Benefit for the GBRWHA under action EAH8 of the Reef 2050 LTSP • Affect achieving the sediment and nitrogen reduction targets under action WQT1 of the

Reef 2050 LTSP • Contribute to cumulative impacts affecting the GBRWHA under actions EBT3 and EHT3

of the Reef 2050 LTSP

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http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/d98b3e53-146b-4b9c-a84a-2a22454b9a83/files/reef-2050-long-term-sustainability-plan.pdf 4.10 Reef Water Quality Protection Plan 2013 (Reef Plan) As runoff from the USL will enter waterways that discharge to marine receiving waters that connect to the southern section of the GBRWHA, it is essential that the actions and targets to reduce marine water quality degradation contained in the Reef Plan must be fully considered in the MAU assessment. In particular, the MAU must fully consider the potential affect the proposed use of the USL will have on achieving the sediment, nitrogen and pesticide reduction targets for the Burnett Mary region contained in the Reef Plan. http://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au/resources/assets/reef-plan-2013.pdf http://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au/measuring-success/report-cards/2014/assets/gbr-2014report-card.pdf 4.11 Burnett Mary Water Quality Improvement Plan (WQIP) Prepared by BMRG, the Burnett Mary WQIP contains the land and other management actions required to ensure that water quality in the Burnett Mary region is improved over time. As the proposed use of the USL has the potential to cause significant water quality degradation, it is essential that the purpose and outcomes of the Burnett Mary WQIP must be fully considered in the MAU assessment. http://www.bmrg.org.au/~bmrgorga/files/3914/3700/4251/WQIP.pdf 4.12 Wetland Protection Area State Code As the proposed use of the USL will potentially affect a number of referable wetlands, it is essential that module 11 of the State Development Assessment Provisions must be fully considered in the MAU assessment. http://www.dilgp.qld.gov.au/resources/policy/sdap/module-11.pdf 5. Conclusion Due to the physical and legislative constraints, array of matters that must be considered and the High Ecological Significance of the USL in question, WWF-Australia firmly believes the proposed use of the USL to grow sugarcane for ethanol production is an inappropriate use of the USL at Churchill and Granville. As the ecological values of the USL provide essential ecosystem services and functions that deliver a wide range of socioeconomic benefits by maintaining the regions liveability and tourism industry, WWF-Australia strongly recommends that the most appropriate use of the USL is to ensure the existing ecological values of the USL at Churchill and Granville are preserved and protected. The Tables below (1 & 2) compares the biodiversity values of the two USL areas with neighbouring National Parks as detailed in the appendices. As can be seen, the values of these two USL parcels are comparable to those in these neighbouring National Parks, suggesting that the values warrant protection in formal protected areas, either as National or Regional Parks.

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Please do not hesitate to contact me should you require further information or clarification regarding any aspect of the matters raised in this submission. Yours sincerely,

Martin Taylor Protected Areas and Conservation Science Manager WWF-Australia mtaylor@wwf.org.au

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Acknowledgements The assistance of Nigel Parratt and Nakita Thackwray in preparing this analysis, is gratefully acknowledged.

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Table 1. Environmental values on Granville USL with adjacent Poona National Park Environmental Value Granville USL Poona National Park

State Wildlife Corridor No Yes on the east side

Wetland and watercourses regulated under the VMA,1999 Approximately 40 % of area is wetland

Approximately 70% of area is wetlands with Watercourses evident.

Aquatic conservation value (appendix 8) High Value High Value

Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems *surface expression, *terrestrial areas *subterranean cave areas

Most of the area Most of the area

Habitat for Endangered Near Threatened and Vulnerable species Approximately 50% ENVT habitat

Predominantly ENVT habitat

Matters of national environmental significance regulated under the Commonwealth EPBC Act (wetland values, vegetation and habitat, conservation areas)

Majority of the area Majority of the area

Likely Distribution of Koalas 100% 100%

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Table 2. Environmental values on Churchill USL with adjacent Vernon Conservation Park Environmental Value Colton USL Vernon Conservation

Park

State Wildlife Corridor Majority of area is overlayed and is a hub to connecting major corridors in the region

No overlay

Wetland and watercourses regulated under the VMA,1999

Marginal amount of wetland few watercourses

Marginal amount of wetland few watercourses

Aquatic conservation value (appendix 8) Very High Very high

Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems *surface expression *terrestrial areas *subterranean cave areas

Minor Minor

Habitat for Endangered Near Threatened and Vulnerable species

Some of the area

Some of the area

Matters of national environmental significance regulated under the Commonwealth EPBC Act (wetland values, vegetation and habitat, conservation areas)

Yes Yes

Likely Distribution of Koalas 80% of area 0% of area

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Appendix 1. State wildlife corridors in the South East Queensland Biodiversity Planning Assessment. Note how Colton (Churchill) USL sits at the hub of four major branches in the corridor network

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Appendix 2. Wetlands and watercourses regulated under the Vegetation Management Act 1999

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Appendix 3. Matters of National Environmental Significance

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Appendix 4. Cleared potential sugarcane production land according to the Regulated Vegetation Map and the Agricultural Land Audit.

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Appendix 5. Expert likely to occur distribution of koalas, Atlas of Living Australia (yellow shading)

Appendix 6. Map of Koala sightings in the vicinity of the USL at Churchill

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Appendix 7. Map of Endangered, Near Threatened and Vulnerable species habitat, according to the Southeast Queensland Biodiversity Planning Assessment.

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Appendix 8. Aquatic value areas in the Aquatic Biodiversity Assessment. Note that both Churchill (Colton) and Granville are mapped as very high value to high value.

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Appendix 9. Species expected to occur on the USL at Churchill and Granville, and neighbouring national parks (Vernon and Poona) according to expert distributions provided in the Atlas of Living Australia. Family Scientific Name Common Name USL NPs Acanthizidae Acanthiza (Acanthiza) pusilla Brown Thornbill 1 1 Acanthizidae Acanthiza (Geobasileus) chrysorrhoa Yellow-rumped Thornbill 1 1 Acanthizidae Acanthiza (Geobasileus) reguloides Buff-rumped Thornbill 1 1 Acanthizidae Acanthiza (Subacanthiza) lineata Striated Thornbill 1 1 Acanthizidae Acanthiza (Subacanthiza) nana Yellow Thornbill 1 1 Acanthizidae Chthonicola sagittatus

1 1

Acanthizidae Gerygone levigaster Mangrove Gerygone 1 1 Acanthizidae Gerygone mouki Brown Gerygone 1 1 Acanthizidae Gerygone olivacea White-throated Gerygone 1 1 Acanthizidae Gerygone palpebrosa Fairy Gerygone 1 1 Acanthizidae Sericornis (Arfakornis) magnirostra Large-billed Scrubwren 1 1 Acanthizidae Sericornis (Sericornis) citreogularis Yellow-throated Scrubwren 1 1 Acanthizidae Sericornis (Sericornis) frontalis White-browed Scrubwren 1 1 Acanthizidae Smicrornis brevirostris Weebill 1 1 Accipitridae Accipiter (Leucospiza) fasciatus Brown Goshawk 1 1 Accipitridae Accipiter (Leucospiza) novaehollandiae Grey Goshawk 1 1 Accipitridae Accipiter (Paraspizias) cirrocephalus Collared Sparrowhawk 1 1 Accipitridae Aquila (Uroaetus) audax Wedge-tailed Eagle 1 1 Accipitridae Aviceda (Aviceda) subcristata Pacific Baza 1 1 Accipitridae Circus approximans Swamp Harrier 1 1 Accipitridae Circus assimilis Spotted Harrier 1 1 Accipitridae Elanus axillaris Black-shouldered Kite 1 1 Accipitridae Erythrotriorchis radiatus Red Goshawk 1 1 Accipitridae Haliaeetus (Pontoaetus) leucogaster White-bellied Sea-eagle 1 1 Accipitridae Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle 1 1 Accipitridae Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite 1 1 Accipitridae Haliastur sphenurus Whistling Kite 1 1

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Family Scientific Name Common Name USL NPs Accipitridae Hieraaetus (Hieraaetus) morphnoides Little Eagle 1 1 Accipitridae Lophoictinia isura Square-tailed Kite 1 1 Accipitridae Milvus migrans Black Kite 1 1 Acrocephalidae Acrocephalus (Acrocephalus) australis Australian Reed-warbler 1 1 Aegothelidae Aegotheles (Aegotheles) cristatus Australian Owlet-nightjar 1 1 Alaudidae Mirafra (Mirafra) javanica Horsfield's Bushlark 1 1 Alcedinidae Ceyx azureus azureus Azure Kingfisher 1 1 Alcedinidae Dacelo (Dacelo) leachii Blue-winged Kookaburra 1 1 Alcedinidae Dacelo (Dacelo) novaeguineae Laughing Kookaburra 1 1 Alcedinidae Todiramphus (Cyanalcyon) pyrrhopygius Red-backed Kingfisher 1 1 Alcedinidae Todiramphus (Lazulena) macleayii Forest Kingfisher 1 1 Alcedinidae Todiramphus (Todiramphus) chloris Collared Kingfisher 1 1 Alcedinidae Todiramphus (Todiramphus) sanctus Sacred Kingfisher 1 1 Anatidae Anas (Anas) platyrhynchos Northern Mallard 1 1 Anatidae Anas (Anas) superciliosa Pacific Black Duck 1 1 Anatidae Anas (Nettion) castanea Chestnut Teal 1 1 Anatidae Anas (Nettion) gracilis Grey Teal 1 1 Anatidae Anas (Spatula) rhynchotis Australasian Shoveler 1 1 Anatidae Aythya (Nyroca) australis Hardhead 1 1 Anatidae Biziura lobata Musk Duck 1 1 Anatidae Chenonetta jubata Australian Wood Duck 1 1 Anatidae Cygnus (Chenopis) atratus Black Swan 1 1 Anatidae Dendrocygna (Dendrocygna) arcuata Wandering Whistling-duck 1 1 Anatidae Dendrocygna (Leptotarsis) eytoni Plumed Whistling-duck 1 1 Anatidae Malacorhynchus membranaceus Pink-eared Duck 1 1 Anatidae Nettapus (Cheniscus) coromandelianus Cotton Pygmy-goose 1 1 Anatidae Oxyura australis Blue-billed Duck 1 1 Anatidae Tadorna (Radjah) radjah Radjah Shelduck 1 1

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Family Scientific Name Common Name USL NPs Anhingidae Anhinga novaehollandiae Australasian Darter 1 1 Anseranatidae Anseranas semipalmata Magpie Goose 1 1 Apodidae Apus (Apus) pacificus Fork-tailed Swift 1 1 Apodidae Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift 1 1 Apodidae Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated Needletail 1 1 Ardeidae Ardea (Ardea) pacifica White-necked Heron 1 1 Ardeidae Ardea (Bubulcus) ibis Cattle Egret 1 1 Ardeidae Ardea alba Great White Egret 1 1 Ardeidae Ardea ibis Cattle Egret 1 1 Ardeidae Botaurus poiciloptilus Australasian Bittern 1 1 Ardeidae Butorides striata 1 1 Ardeidae Egretta garzetta Little Egret 1 1 Ardeidae Egretta novaehollandiae White-faced Heron 1 1 Ardeidae Egretta sacra Eastern Reef Egret 1 1 Ardeidae Ixobrychus flavicollis Black Bittern 1 1 Ardeidae Ixobrychus minutus Little Bittern 1 1 Ardeidae Mesophoyx intermedia

1 1

Ardeidae Nycticorax caledonicus Nankeen Night-heron 1 1 Artamidae Artamus (Angroyan) cinereus Black-faced Woodswallow 1 1 Artamidae Artamus (Angroyan) cyanopterus Dusky Woodswallow 1 1 Artamidae Artamus (Angroyan) minor Little Woodswallow 1 1 Artamidae Artamus (Artamus) leucorynchus White-breasted Woodswallow 1 1 Artamidae Artamus (Campbellornis) personatus Masked Woodswallow 1 1 Artamidae Artamus (Campbellornis) superciliosus White-browed Woodswallow 1 1 Artamidae Cracticus nigrogularis Pied Butcherbird 1 1 Artamidae Cracticus tibicen Australian Magpie 1 1 ARTAMIDAE Cracticus torquatus Grey Butcherbird 1 1 Artamidae Strepera (Strepera) graculina Pied Currawong 1 1

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Family Scientific Name Common Name USL NPs Balaenidae Eubalaena australis Southern Right Whale 1 1 Balaenopteridae Balaenoptera edeni Bryde's Whale 0 1 Balaenopteridae Balaenoptera musculus Blue Whale 0 1 Burhinidae Burhinus (Burhinus) grallarius Bush Stone-curlew 1 1 Burhinidae Esacus giganteus 1 1 Cacatuidae Cacatua (Cacatua) galerita Sulphur-crested Cockatoo 1 1 Cacatuidae Cacatua (Licmetis) sanguinea Little Corella 1 1 Cacatuidae Cacatua (Licmetis) tenuirostris Long-billed Corella 1 1 Cacatuidae Calyptorhynchus (Calyptorhynchus) banksii Red-tailed Black-cockatoo 1 1 Cacatuidae Calyptorhynchus (Calyptorhynchus) lathami Glossy Black-cockatoo 1 1 Cacatuidae Calyptorhynchus (Zanda) funereus Yellow-tailed Black-cockatoo 1 1 Cacatuidae Eolophus roseicapillus roseicapillus Galah 1 1 Cacatuidae Nymphicus hollandicus Cockatiel 1 1 Campephagidae Coracina (Coracina) novaehollandiae Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike 1 1 Campephagidae Coracina (Coracina) papuensis White-bellied Cuckoo-shrike 1 1 Campephagidae Coracina (Edolisoma) tenuirostris Cicadabird 1 1 Campephagidae Coracina (Paragraucalus) lineata Barred Cuckoo-shrike 1 1 Campephagidae Coracina (Pteropodocys) maxima Ground Cuckoo-shrike 1 1 Campephagidae Lalage (Karua) leucomela Varied Triller 1 1 Campephagidae Lalage tricolor Australian White-winged Triller 1 1 Caprimulgidae Caprimulgus macrurus Large-tailed Nightjar 1 1 Caprimulgidae Eurostopodus (Eurostopodus) mystacalis White-throated Nightjar 1 1

Carcharhinidae Carcharias taurus (east coast population) Grey Nurse Shark (east coast population) 0 1

Casuariidae Dromaius novaehollandiae Emu 1 1 Centropodidae Centropus (Polophilus) phasianinus Pheasant Coucal 1 1 Ceratodontidae Neoceratodus forsteri Australian Lungfish 1 1 Charadriidae Charadrius (Charadrius) bicinctus Double-banded Plover 1 1 Charadriidae Charadrius (Charadrius) leschenaultii Greater Sand Plover 1 1

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Family Scientific Name Common Name USL NPs Charadriidae Charadrius (Charadrius) mongolus Lesser Sand Plover 1 1 Charadriidae Charadrius (Charadrius) ruficapillus Red-capped Plover 1 1 Charadriidae Charadrius (Eupoda) veredus Oriental Plover 1 1 Charadriidae Charadrius bicinctus Double-banded Plover 1 1 Charadriidae Charadrius leschenaultii Greater Sand Plover 1 1 Charadriidae Charadrius mongolus Lesser Sand Plover 1 1 Charadriidae Elseyornis melanops Black-fronted Dotterel 1 1 Charadriidae Erythrogonys cinctus Red-kneed Dotterel 1 1 Charadriidae Pluvialis fulva Pacific Golden Plover 1 1 Charadriidae Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover 1 1 Charadriidae Vanellus (Lobipluvia) miles Masked Lapwing 1 1 Charadriidae Vanellus (Lobivanellus) tricolor Banded Lapwing 1 1 Chelidae Elseya albagula Southern Snapping Turtle 1 1 Cheloniidae Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle 1 1 Cheloniidae Chelonia mydas Green Turtle 1 1 Cheloniidae Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle 1 1 Cheloniidae Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Turtle 1 1 Cheloniidae Natator depressus Flatback Turtle 1 1 Ciconiidae Ephippiorhynchus (Ephippiorhynchus) asiaticus Black-necked Stork 1 1 Cisticolidae Cisticola (Cisticola) exilis Golden-headed Cisticola 1 1 Climacteridae Climacteris (Climacteris) picumnus Brown Treecreeper 1 1 Climacteridae Climacteris (Climacterobates) erythrops Red-browed Treecreeper 1 0 Climacteridae Cormobates leucophaea White-throated Treecreeper 1 1 Columbidae Chalcophaps indica Emerald Dove 1 1 Columbidae Columba (Columba) livia Rock Dove 1 1 Columbidae Columba (Janthoenas) leucomela White-headed Pigeon 1 1 Columbidae Geopelia humeralis Bar-shouldered Dove 1 1 Columbidae Geopelia striata placida Peaceful Dove 1 1

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Family Scientific Name Common Name USL NPs Columbidae Geophaps scripta scripta Squatter Pigeon (southern) 1 1 Columbidae Leucosarcia melanoleuca Wonga Pigeon 1 1 Columbidae Lopholaimus antarcticus Topknot Pigeon 1 1 Columbidae Macropygia (Macropygia) amboinensis Brown Cuckoo-dove 1 1 Columbidae Ocyphaps lophotes Crested Pigeon 1 1 Columbidae Phaps (Phaps) chalcoptera Common Bronzewing 1 1 Columbidae Phaps (Phaps) elegans Brush Bronzewing 1 1 Columbidae Ptilinopus (Megaloprepia) magnificus Wompoo Fruit-dove 1 1 Columbidae Ptilinopus (Ptilinopus) regina Rose-crowned Fruit-dove 1 1 Columbidae Stigmatopelia chinensis 1 1 Coraciidae Eurystomus orientalis Dollarbird 1 1 Corcoracidae Corcorax melanorhamphos White-winged Chough 1 1 Corcoracidae Struthidea cinerea Apostlebird 1 1 Corvidae Corvus coronoides Australian Raven 1 1 Corvidae Corvus orru Torresian Crow 1 1 Cuculidae Cacomantis (Cacomantis) variolosus Brush Cuckoo 1 1 Cuculidae Cacomantis (Vidgenia) flabelliformis Fan-tailed Cuckoo 1 1 Cuculidae Chalcites (Chalcites) minutillus russatus Gould's Bronze-cuckoo 1 1 Cuculidae Chrysococcyx basalis Horsfield's Bronze Cuckoo 1 1 Cuculidae Chrysococcyx lucidus Shining Bronze Cuckoo 1 1 Cuculidae Chrysococcyx minutillus Little Bronze Cuckoo 1 1 Cuculidae Chrysococcyx osculans Black-eared Cuckoo 1 1 Cuculidae Cuculus (Cuculus) optatus Oriental Cuckoo 1 1 Cuculidae Cuculus pallidus Palid Cuckoo 1 1 Cuculidae Eudynamys orientalis Eastern Koel 1 1 Cuculidae Scythrops novaehollandiae Channel-billed Cuckoo 1 1 Cycadaceae Cycas ophiolitica

1 1

Dasyuridae Dasyurus hallucatus Northern Quoll 1 1

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Family Scientific Name Common Name USL NPs Delphinidae Orcaella brevirostris Irrawaddy Dolphin 1 1 Delphinidae Orcinus orca Killer Whale, Orca 0 1 Delphinidae Sousa chinensis Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin 1 1 Dermochelyidae Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Turtle 1 1 Dicruridae Dicrurus bracteatus Spangled Drongo 1 1 Dicruridae Monarcha melanopsis Black-faced Monarch 1 1 Dicruridae Monarcha trivirgatus Spectacled Monarch 1 1 Dicruridae Myiagra cyanoleuca Satin Flycatcher 1 1 Dicruridae Rhipidura rufifrons Rufous Fantail 1 1 Diomedeidae Thalassarche carteri Indian Yellow-nosed Albatross 1 1 DIOMEDEIDAE Thalassarche cauta Shy Albatross 0 1 Diomedeidae Thalassarche cauta cauta Shy Albatross 1 1 Diomedeidae Thalassarche cauta salvini Salvin's Albatross 1 1 Diomedeidae Thalassarche cauta steadi White-capped Albatross 1 1

Diomedeidae Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto) Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross 1 1

Diomedeidae Thalassarche eremita Chatham Albatross 1 1 Diomedeidae Thalassarche impavida Campbell Albatross 1 1 Diomedeidae Thalassarche melanophris Black-browed Albatross 1 1 Diomedeidae Thalassarche melanophris impavida Campbell Albatross 1 1 Diomedeidae Thalassarche salvini Salvin's Albatross 1 1 Diomedeidae Thalassarche steadi White-capped Albatross 1 1 Elapidae Furina dunmalli Dunmall's Snake 1 1 Estrildidae Lonchura (Lonchura) punctulata Nutmeg Mannikin 1 1 Estrildidae Lonchura (Munia) castaneothorax Chestnut-breasted Mannikin 1 1 Estrildidae Neochmia (Aegintha) temporalis Red-browed Finch 1 1 Estrildidae Neochmia (Aidemosyne) modesta Plum-headed Finch 1 1 Estrildidae Poephila (Poephila) cincta Black-throated Finch 1 1 Estrildidae Stagonopleura (Stagonopleura) guttata Diamond Firetail 1 1

25

Family Scientific Name Common Name USL NPs Estrildidae Taeniopygia bichenovii Double-barred Finch 1 1 Estrildidae Taeniopygia guttata Zebra Finch 1 1 Fabaceae Acacia attenuata

1 1

Falconidae Falco (Falco) longipennis Australian Hobby 1 1 Falconidae Falco (Hierofalco) hypoleucos Grey Falcon 1 1 Falconidae Falco (Hierofalco) subniger Black Falcon 1 1 Falconidae Falco (Ieracidea) berigora Brown Falcon 1 1 Falconidae Falco (Tinnunculus) cenchroides Nankeen Kestrel 1 1 Glareolidae Stiltia isabella Australian Pratincole 1 1 Gruidae Grus (Mathewsia) rubicunda Brolga 1 1 Haematopodidae Haematopus fuliginosus Sooty Oystercatcher 1 1 Haematopodidae Haematopus longirostris Australian Pied Oystercatcher 1 1 Hirundinidae Cheramoeca leucosterna White-backed Swallow 1 1 Hirundinidae Hirundo (Hirundo) neoxena Welcome Swallow 1 1 Hirundinidae Hirundo ariel Fairy Martin 1 1 Hirundinidae Petrochelidon (Hylochelidon) nigricans nigricans Australian Tree Martin 1 1

Hydrobatidae Fregetta grallaria grallaria

White-bellied Storm-Petrel (Tasman Sea), White-bellied Storm-Petrel (Australasian) 0 1

Hylidae Litoria olongburensis Wallum Sedge Frog 1 1 Jacanidae Irediparra gallinacea Comb-crested Jacana 1 1 Lamnidae Carcharodon carcharias Great White Shark 0 1 Lamnidae Lamna nasus Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark 1 1 Laridae Chlidonias (Chlidonias) leucopterus White-winged Black Tern 1 1 Laridae Chlidonias (Pelodes) hybrida Whiskered Tern 1 1 Laridae Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae novaehollandiae Silver Gull 1 1 Laridae Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern 1 1 Laridae Hydroprogne caspia Caspian Tern 1 1 Laridae Larus (Larus) dominicanus Kelp Gull 1 1

26

Family Scientific Name Common Name USL NPs Laridae Sterna (Sterna) dougallii Roseate Tern 1 1 LARIDAE Sterna (Sterna) hirundo Common Tern 0 1 Laridae Sterna (Sterna) striata White-fronted Tern 1 1 Laridae Sterna albifrons Little Tern 0 1 LARIDAE Sternula albifrons Little Tern 0 1 LARIDAE Thalasseus bengalensis Lesser Crested Tern 0 1 LARIDAE Thalasseus bergii Crested Tern 0 1

Lauraceae Cryptocarya foetida Stinking Cryptocarya, Stinking Laurel 1 1

Maluridae Malurus (Malurus) cyaneus Superb Fairy-wren 1 1 Maluridae Malurus (Musciparus) melanocephalus Red-backed Fairy-wren 1 1 MALURIDAE Stipiturus malachurus Southern Emu-wren 0 1 Megaluridae Cincloramphus (Cincloramphus) cruralis Brown Songlark 1 1 Megaluridae Megalurus gramineus Little Grassbird 1 1 Megaluridae Megalurus timoriensis Tawny Grassbird 1 1 Megapodiidae Alectura lathami Australian Brush-turkey 1 1 Meliphagidae Acanthagenys rufogularis Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris Eastern Spinebill 1 1 Meliphagidae Anthochaera (Anellobia) chrysoptera Little Wattlebird 1 1 Meliphagidae Anthochaera phrygia Regent Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Entomyzon cyanotis Blue-faced Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Lichenostomus (Caligavis) chrysops Yellow-faced Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Lichenostomus (Gavicalis) fasciogularis Mangrove Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Lichenostomus (Gavicalis) virescens Singing Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Lichenostomus (Lichenostomus) melanops Yellow-tufted Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Lichenostomus (Nesoptilotis) leucotis White-eared Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Lichenostomus (Ptilotula) fuscus Fuscous Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Lichmera (Lichmera) indistincta Brown Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Manorina (Myzantha) melanocephala Noisy Miner 1 1

27

Family Scientific Name Common Name USL NPs Meliphagidae Meliphaga (Meliphaga) lewinii Lewin's Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Melithreptus (Eidopsarus) brevirostris Brown-headed Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Melithreptus (Eidopsarus) gularis Black-chinned Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Melithreptus (Melithreptus) albogularis White-throated Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Melithreptus (Melithreptus) lunatus White-naped Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Myzomela (Cosmeteira) obscura Dusky Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Myzomela (Myzomela) sanguinolenta Scarlet Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Philemon (Microphilemon) citreogularis Little Friarbird 1 1 Meliphagidae Philemon (Tropidorhynchus) corniculatus Noisy Friarbird 1 1 Meliphagidae Phylidonyris (Meliornis) niger White-cheeked Honeyeater 1 1 Meliphagidae Plectorhyncha lanceolata Striped Honeyeater 1 1 Meropidae Merops (Merops) ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater 1 1 Meropidae Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater 1 1 Mobulidae Manta birostris Manta Ray 1 1 Monarchidae Carterornis leucotis White-eared Monarch 1 1 Monarchidae Grallina cyanoleuca Magpie-lark 1 1 Monarchidae Monarcha (Monarcha) melanopsis Black-faced Monarch 1 1 Monarchidae Myiagra (Myiagra) cyanoleuca Satin Flycatcher 1 1 Monarchidae Myiagra (Myiagra) rubecula Leaden Flycatcher 1 1 Monarchidae Myiagra (Piezorhynchus) alecto Shining Flycatcher 1 1 Monarchidae Myiagra (Seisura) inquieta Restless Flycatcher 1 1 Monarchidae Symposiachrus trivirgatus melanorrhous 1 1 Moraceae Streblus pendulinus Siah's Backbone, Sia's Backbone 1 1 Motacillidae Anthus (Anthus) novaeseelandiae Australasian Pipit 1 1 Muridae Xeromys myoides Water Mouse, False Water Rat 1 1 Nectariniidae Dicaeum (Dicaeum) hirundinaceum Mistletoebird 1 1 Neosittidae Daphoenositta (Neositta) chrysoptera Varied Sittella 1 1 OCEANITIDAE Oceanites oceanicus Wilson's Storm-petrel 0 1

28

Family Scientific Name Common Name USL NPs Orchidaceae Cryptostylis hunteriana Leafless Tongue-orchid 1 1 Orchidaceae Phaius australis Lesser Swamp-orchid 1 1 Oriolidae Oriolus (Mimeta) sagittatus Olive-backed Oriole 1 1 Oriolidae Sphecotheres vieilloti Australasian Figbird 1 1 Otididae Ardeotis australis Australian Bustard 1 1 Pachycephalidae Colluricincla (Colluricincla) harmonica Grey Shrike-thrush 1 1 Pachycephalidae Colluricincla (Myiolestes) megarhyncha Little Shrike-thrush 1 1 Pachycephalidae Falcunculus frontatus Crested Shrike-tit 1 1 Pachycephalidae Pachycephala (Alisterornis) rufiventris Rufous Whistler 1 1 Pachycephalidae Pachycephala (Pachycephala) pectoralis Golden Whistler 1 1 Pardalotidae Pardalotus (Pardalotinus) striatus Striated Pardalote 1 1 Pardalotidae Pardalotus (Pardalotus) punctatus Spotted Pardalote 1 1 Pelecanidae Pelecanus conspicillatus Australian Pelican 1 1 Percichthyidae Maccullochella mariensis Mary River Cod 1 1 Percichthyidae Nannoperca oxleyana Oxleyan Pygmy Perch 1 1 Petroicidae Eopsaltria (Eopsaltria) australis Eastern Yellow Robin 1 1 Petroicidae Microeca (Microeca) fascinans Jacky Winter 1 1 Petroicidae Petroica (Erythrodryas) rosea Rose Robin 1 1 Petroicidae Petroica (Petroica) goodenovii Red-capped Robin 1 1 Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax (Phalacrocorax) carbo Great Cormorant 1 1 Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax (Phalacrocorax) sulcirostris Little Black Cormorant 1 1 Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax (Phalacrocorax) varius Pied Cormorant 1 1 Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax melanoleucos

1 1

Phascolarctidae Phascolarctos cinereus Koala 1 0

Phascolarctidae Phascolarctos cinereus (combined populations of Qld, NSW and the ACT)

Koala (combined populations of Queensland, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory) 0 1

Phasianidae Coturnix (Coturnix) pectoralis Stubble Quail 1 1

29

Family Scientific Name Common Name USL NPs Phasianidae Coturnix (Synoicus) ypsilophora Brown Quail 1 1 Pittidae Pitta (Pitta) versicolor Noisy Pitta 1 1 Podargidae Podargus strigoides Tawny Frogmouth 1 1 Podicipedidae Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe 1 1 Podicipedidae Poliocephalus poliocephalus Hoary-headed Grebe 1 1 Podicipedidae Tachybaptus novaehollandiae Australasian Grebe 1 1 Pomatostomidae Pomatostomus (Pomatostomus) temporalis Grey-crowned Babbler 1 1

Potoroidae Potorous tridactylus tridactylus Long-nosed Potoroo (SE mainland) 1 1

PROCELLARIIDAE Ardenna bulleri Buller's Shearwater 0 1 PROCELLARIIDAE Ardenna carneipes Flesh-footed Shearwater 0 1 Procellariidae Macronectes giganteus Southern Giant-Petrel 1 1 Procellariidae Macronectes halli Northern Giant-Petrel 1 1 PROCELLARIIDAE Pterodroma (Cookilaria) leucoptera Gould's Petrel 0 1 PROCELLARIIDAE Pterodroma (Cookilaria) nigripennis Black-winged Petrel 0 1 Procellariidae Pterodroma neglecta neglecta Kermadec Petrel (western) 0 1

Procellariidae Puffinus carneipes Flesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater 0 0

Procellariidae Puffinus griseus Sooty Shearwater 1 1 Pseudomugilidae Pseudomugil mellis Honey Blue-eye 0 1 Psittacidae Alisterus scapularis Australian King-parrot 1 1 Psittacidae Aprosmictus erythropterus Red-winged Parrot 1 1 Psittacidae Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni Coxen's Fig-Parrot 1 1 Psittacidae Glossopsitta pusilla Little Lorikeet 1 1 Psittacidae Lathamus discolor Swift Parrot 1 1 Psittacidae Pezoporus wallicus Ground Parrot 1 1 Psittacidae Platycercus (Platycercus) elegans Crimson Rosella 1 1 Psittacidae Platycercus (Violania) adscitus Pale-headed Rosella 1 1 Psittacidae Platycercus (Violania) eximius Eastern Rosella 1 1

30

Family Scientific Name Common Name USL NPs Psittacidae Psephotus (Psephotellus) pulcherrimus Paradise Parrot 1 1 Psittacidae Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus Scaly-breasted Lorikeet 1 1 Psittacidae Trichoglossus haematodus Rainbow Lorikeet 1 1 Psophodidae Psophodes (Psophodes) olivaceus Eastern Whipbird 1 1 Pteropodidae Pteropus poliocephalus Grey-headed Flying-fox 1 1 Ptilonorhynchidae Ailuroedus crassirostris Green Catbird 1 1 Ptilonorhynchidae Ptilonorhynchus violaceus Satin Bowerbird 1 1 Ptilonorhynchidae Sericulus (Sericulus) chrysocephalus Regent Bowerbird 1 1 Pygopodidae Delma torquata Collared Delma 1 1 Rallidae Amaurornis moluccana Pale-vented Bush-hen 1 1 Rallidae Fulica atra Eurasian Coot 1 1 Rallidae Gallinula (Gallinula) tenebrosa Dusky Moorhen 1 1 Rallidae Gallirallus (Hypotaenidia) philippensis Buff-banded Rail 1 1 Rallidae Lewinia pectoralis Lewin's Rail 1 1 Rallidae Porphyrio (Porphyrio) porphyrio Purple Swamphen 1 1 Rallidae Porzana (Porzana) fluminea Australian Spotted Crake 1 1 Rallidae Porzana (Porzana) pusilla Baillon's Crake 1 1 Rallidae Porzana (Porzana) tabuensis Spotless Crake 1 1 Recurvirostridae Himantopus himantopus leucocephalus Banded Stilt 1 1 Recurvirostridae Recurvirostra novaehollandiae Red-necked Avocet 1 1 Rhincodontidae Rhincodon typus Whale Shark 0 1 Rhipiduridae Rhipidura (Howeavis) rufifrons Rufous Fantail 1 1 Rhipiduridae Rhipidura (Rhipidura) fuliginosa New Zealand Fantail 1 1 Rhipiduridae Rhipidura (Sauloprocta) leucophrys Willie Wagtail 1 1 Rostratulidae Rostratula australis Australian Painted Snipe 1 1 Rostratulidae Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato) Painted Snipe 1 1 Rutaceae Bosistoa selwynii Heart-leaved Bosistoa 1 1 Rutaceae Bosistoa transversa Three-leaved Bosistoa 1 1

31

Family Scientific Name Common Name USL NPs Rutaceae Phebalium distans Mt Berryman Phebalium 1 1 Santalaceae Thesium australe Austral Toadflax, Toadflax 0 1 Sapindaceae Cupaniopsis shirleyana Wedge-leaf Tuckeroo 1 1 Scolopacidae Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper 1 1 Scolopacidae Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone 1 1 Scolopacidae Calidris (Calidris) canutus Red Knot 1 1 Scolopacidae Calidris (Calidris) tenuirostris Great Knot 1 1 Scolopacidae Calidris (Crocethia) alba Sanderling 1 1 Scolopacidae Calidris (Ereunetes) ruficollis Red-necked Stint 1 1 Scolopacidae Calidris (Erolia) acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper 1 1 Scolopacidae Calidris (Erolia) ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper 1 1 Scolopacidae Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper 1 1 Scolopacidae Calidris alba Sanderling 1 1 Scolopacidae Calidris canutus Red Knot, Knot 0 1 Scolopacidae Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper 1 1 Scolopacidae Calidris ruficollis Red-necked Stint 1 1 Scolopacidae Calidris tenuirostris Great Knot 1 1 Scolopacidae Gallinago (Gallinago) hardwickii Latham's Snipe 1 1 Scolopacidae Gallinago hardwickii Latham's Snipe, Japanese Snipe 1 1 Scolopacidae Heteroscelus brevipes Grey-tailed Tattler 1 1 Scolopacidae Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit 1 1 Scolopacidae Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit 1 1 Scolopacidae Numenius (Mesoscolopax) minutus Little Curlew 1 1 Scolopacidae Numenius (Numenius) madagascariensis Eastern Curlew 1 1 Scolopacidae Numenius madagascariensis Eastern Curlew 1 1 Scolopacidae Numenius minutus Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel 0 1 Scolopacidae Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel 1 1 Scolopacidae Steganopus tricolor Wilson's Phalarope 1 1

32

Family Scientific Name Common Name USL NPs Scolopacidae Tringa (Rhyacophilus) glareola Wood Sandpiper 1 1 Scolopacidae Tringa (Rhyacophilus) stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper 1 1 Scolopacidae Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper 1 1 Scolopacidae Xenus cinereus Terek Sandpiper 1 1 Scombridae Thunnus maccoyii Southern Bluefin Tuna 1 1 Simaroubaceae Samadera bidwillii 1 1 STERCORCARIIDAE Stercorarius parasiticus Arctic Jaeger 0 1 Strigidae Ninox (Hieracoglaux) connivens Barking Owl 1 1 Strigidae Ninox (Ninox) novaeseelandiae Southern Boobook 1 1 Strigidae Ninox (Rhabdoglaux) strenua Powerful Owl 1 1 Sturnidae Acridotheres tristis Indian Mynah 1 1 Sturnidae Sturnus (Sturnus) vulgaris Common Starling 1 1 SULIDAE Morus serrator Australasian Gannet 0 1 SULIDAE Sula dactylatra Masked Booby 0 1 SULIDAE Sula sula Red-footed Booby 0 1 Threskiornithidae Platalea (Platalea) regia Royal Spoonbill 1 1 Threskiornithidae Platalea (Platibis) flavipes Yellow-billed Spoonbill 1 1 Threskiornithidae Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis 1 1 Threskiornithidae Threskiornis molucca Australian White Ibis 1 1 Threskiornithidae Threskiornis spinicollis Straw-necked Ibis 1 1 Timaliidae Zosterops lateralis Silvereye 1 1 Turdidae Zoothera (Zoothera) heinei Russet-tailed Thrush 1 1 Turdidae Zoothera (Zoothera) lunulata Bassian Thrush 1 1 Turnicidae Turnix (Alphaturnia) velox Little Button-quail 1 1 Turnicidae Turnix (Austroturnix) varius Painted Button-quail 1 1 Turnicidae Turnix (Ortygodes) maculosus Red-backed Button-quail 1 1 Turnicidae Turnix (Unplaced) pyrrhothorax Red-chested Button-quail 1 1 Turnicidae Turnix melanogaster Black-breasted Button-quail 1 1

33

Family Scientific Name Common Name USL NPs Tytonidae Tyto (Megastrix) novaehollandiae Masked Owl 1 1 Tytonidae Tyto (Megastrix) tenebricosa Sooty Owl 1 1 Tytonidae Tyto (Tyto) longimembris Eastern Grass Owl 1 1 Tytonidae Tyto alba Barn Owl 1 1 Vespertilionidae Chalinolobus dwyeri Large-eared Pied Bat 1 1 Zamiaceae Macrozamia pauli-guilielmi Pineapple Zamia 1 1