WW I and the Russian WW I and the Russian RevolutionRevolution

CH 27 section 1CH 27 section 1

Setting the stage for WarSetting the stage for War

Nationalism, Imperialism, Nationalism, Imperialism, MilitirismMilitirism

For a time after the Congress of Vienna in For a time after the Congress of Vienna in 1815, relations among European countries 1815, relations among European countries were harmoniouswere harmonious

In time, however, the cooperation broke In time, however, the cooperation broke downdown

Growing rivalries in the Balkan regions Growing rivalries in the Balkan regions through competitions for overseas through competitions for overseas colonies. colonies.

By the early 1900’s the great powers of By the early 1900’s the great powers of Europe were plunging toward warEurope were plunging toward war

ContinuedContinued

Four Factors fueled the movement to warFour Factors fueled the movement to war

--NationalismNationalism (the pride people have in their (the pride people have in their country and or ethnic group)country and or ethnic group)

--ImperialismImperialism (overseas territory)(overseas territory)

-{-{MilitarismMilitarism (glorification of armed strength)(glorification of armed strength)}}

-and the system of alliances-and the system of alliances Militarism was important to many Militarism was important to many

European leaders before WWIEuropean leaders before WWI They believed that they could achieve They believed that they could achieve

their goals through threats of violencetheir goals through threats of violence

MilitarismMilitarism

As rivalries among European nations grew, As rivalries among European nations grew, armies also grewarmies also grew

In the 1890’s Germany began to enlarge In the 1890’s Germany began to enlarge its navy in order to rival Great Britainits navy in order to rival Great Britain

When Great Britain launched the When Great Britain launched the Dreadnought, the worlds first modern Dreadnought, the worlds first modern battle ship, Germany rushed to build battle ship, Germany rushed to build similar ships similar ships

These nations were also building numbers These nations were also building numbers of soldiers, weapons, and other munitionsof soldiers, weapons, and other munitions

The DreadnoughtThe Dreadnought

The System of AlliancesThe System of Alliances The unification of Germany and Italy had changed The unification of Germany and Italy had changed

the balance of power of Europethe balance of power of Europe A powerful German empire emerged under Otto A powerful German empire emerged under Otto

Von BismarckVon Bismarck Bismarck was afraid that France would try to gain Bismarck was afraid that France would try to gain

back the Alsace-Lorraine region that they had lost back the Alsace-Lorraine region that they had lost in the Franco-Prussian war in 1871in the Franco-Prussian war in 1871

Therefore Bismarck formed an alliance that Therefore Bismarck formed an alliance that included Austria-Hungary and Russia known as included Austria-Hungary and Russia known as the Three Emperors’ Leaguethe Three Emperors’ League

{{The next year Italy was persuaded to join The next year Italy was persuaded to join Germany and Austria-Hungary in the Germany and Austria-Hungary in the Triple Triple AllianceAlliance}}

The Triple EntenteThe Triple Entente The Three Emperors’ League ended due to a rivalry The Three Emperors’ League ended due to a rivalry

between Austria-Hungary and Russia over the between Austria-Hungary and Russia over the BulkansBulkans

In 1888 William II became Kaiser of Germany and In 1888 William II became Kaiser of Germany and dismissed Bismarck and his policiesdismissed Bismarck and his policies

Meanwhile France had been trying to avoid Meanwhile France had been trying to avoid diplomatic isolation, they helped Russia out of a diplomatic isolation, they helped Russia out of a financial crisis and signed a military alliance by 1894financial crisis and signed a military alliance by 1894

Great Britain was also troubled with Germany’s Great Britain was also troubled with Germany’s military build upmilitary build up

After agreeing to recognize each others spheres of After agreeing to recognize each others spheres of influence {influence {Russia, Great Britain, and France made Russia, Great Britain, and France made the Triple Entente to isolate Germany due to their the Triple Entente to isolate Germany due to their military build upmilitary build up} }

Kaiser William IIKaiser William II

Nationalism and territorial Nationalism and territorial rivalriesrivalries

Nationalism was strong in the central region of the Nationalism was strong in the central region of the Balkans. Balkans.

The Ottoman Empire (Turkey) gained control of the The Ottoman Empire (Turkey) gained control of the Balkans in the 1400’s. The Balkans were made up of four Balkans in the 1400’s. The Balkans were made up of four main ethnic groups the Albanians, Greeks, Romanians main ethnic groups the Albanians, Greeks, Romanians and the Slavs. The Balkans were struggling for and the Slavs. The Balkans were struggling for independence.independence.

Greece began a successful revolt against Turkish rule in Greece began a successful revolt against Turkish rule in the 1820’s. Romania followed suit in 1859the 1820’s. Romania followed suit in 1859

{{Thanks to a war between Russia and the Ottoman Thanks to a war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire in 1878, Bulgaria, Montenegro and Serbia staked Empire in 1878, Bulgaria, Montenegro and Serbia staked their claim to nationhoodtheir claim to nationhood}}

Soon-after, Austria-Hungary occupied the small Balkan Soon-after, Austria-Hungary occupied the small Balkan kingdoms of Bosnia and Herzegovina kingdoms of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Serbia saw Bosnia as part of their rightful territory and Serbia saw Bosnia as part of their rightful territory and their growing strength threatened Austria-Hungary’s their growing strength threatened Austria-Hungary’s territories in the Balkans. territories in the Balkans.

The Balkan Powder KegThe Balkan Powder KegRussia saw itself as a protector of the Russia saw itself as a protector of the Balkan Slavs (Bosnia and Herzegovina)Balkan Slavs (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

When Austria-Hungary moved to annex When Austria-Hungary moved to annex Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908, Serbians Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908, Serbians increased their terrorist activitiesincreased their terrorist activities

ContinuedContinued In June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir In June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir

to the throne of Austria-Hungary, was touring to the throne of Austria-Hungary, was touring Bosnia in an open top car when he was Bosnia in an open top car when he was assonated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo assonated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip in the streets of Sarajevo (the capital Princip in the streets of Sarajevo (the capital of Bosnia)of Bosnia)

Austria offered to forgive the incident if Austria offered to forgive the incident if Serbia went along with a few demands they Serbia went along with a few demands they knew no one would accept and Serbia didn'tknew no one would accept and Serbia didn't

Austria-Hungary quickly declared war on Austria-Hungary quickly declared war on Serbia. Germany quickly offered support to Serbia. Germany quickly offered support to Austria, and Russia honored its alliance with Austria, and Russia honored its alliance with SerbiaSerbia

Mobilization of EuropeMobilization of Europe

Since Germany had mobilized to support Austria Since Germany had mobilized to support Austria Hungary Russia sent troops to its border with Hungary Russia sent troops to its border with GermanyGermany

Germany demanded that Russia stop its mobilization Germany demanded that Russia stop its mobilization or face war, Russia declined and on August 1, 1914 or face war, Russia declined and on August 1, 1914 Germany declared war on RussiaGermany declared war on Russia

Germany declared war on France two days later Germany declared war on France two days later assuming that France would side with Russiaassuming that France would side with Russia

Even though the powers had guaranteed Belgium's Even though the powers had guaranteed Belgium's neutrality they broke that promise when Belgium neutrality they broke that promise when Belgium refused to let Germany pass through refused to let Germany pass through

{{Germany wanted to defeat France quickly and Germany wanted to defeat France quickly and marched through Belgium which brought Great marched through Belgium which brought Great Britain into the warBritain into the war} }

The War ExpandsThe War Expands Japan later entered the war on the side of Japan later entered the war on the side of

Great Britain and France in order to gain Great Britain and France in order to gain German possessions in China and the PacificGerman possessions in China and the Pacific

Italy remained neutral for 10 months and Italy remained neutral for 10 months and finally signed a secret treaty with Great finally signed a secret treaty with Great Britain, France, and Russia in order to share in Britain, France, and Russia in order to share in the spoils of warthe spoils of war

Germany went out and got The Ottoman Germany went out and got The Ottoman Turks in order to gain strategic position that Turks in order to gain strategic position that would bottle up the Russian fleet in the Black would bottle up the Russian fleet in the Black SeaSea

Germany also persuaded Bulgaria to enter the Germany also persuaded Bulgaria to enter the war on their side in October 1915war on their side in October 1915

Review QuestionsReview Questions What is Militarism?What is Militarism? Italy joined Germany and Austria-Hungary in Italy joined Germany and Austria-Hungary in

the which Alliancethe which Alliance What was the purpose of Russia, Great What was the purpose of Russia, Great

Britain, and France making the Triple Britain, and France making the Triple Entente?Entente?

Thanks to a war between Russia and the Thanks to a war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire in 1878, who staked their Ottoman Empire in 1878, who staked their claim to nationhood?claim to nationhood?

What brought Great Britain into the war?What brought Great Britain into the war?