Wto for international business trade

7/25/2019 Wto for international business trade

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Presented by: shoaib khan

WTO introduction ,history,

structure and agreement

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introduction

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only

global international organization dealing with

the rules of trade between nations. t its heartare the WTO agree!ents" negotiated and

signed by the !a#ority of the world$s trading

nations and authorized in their %arlia!ents

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History

The WTO ofcially started on 1 anuary

1!!" under the $arrakesh %greement,

signed by 12& nations on 1" %'ril 1!!(,

re'lacing the )eneral %greement on Tari*s

and Trade +)%TT, -hich began in 1!(.

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History0

The WTO deals -ith regulation o trade

bet-een 'artici'ating countries by 'roiding

a rame-ork or negotiating trade

agreements and a dis'ute resolution 'rocess

aimed at enorcing 'artici'ants3 adherence to

WTO agreements, -hich are signed by

re'resentaties o member goernments

and rati4ed by their 'arliaments

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%greements

The WTO oersees about 65

di*erent agreements -hich hae

the status o international legaltets 7ome o the most

im'ortant agreements are as

ollo-s:

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%greements0

gree!ent on griulture has threeentral *%illars*+ do!estisu%%ort" !ar,et aess" and e-%ort

subsidies. eneral gree!ent on Trade in

er0ies was established in 1' to

e-tend the !ultilateral tradingsyste!.

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greemen s0

%greement on Trade89elated %s'ects o ntellectual

Pro'erty 9ight sets do-n minimum standards or

many orms o intellectual 'ro'erty +P regulation

%greement on Technical ;arriers to Trade ensures

that technical negotiations and standards, as -ell

as testing and certi4cation 'rocedures, do not

create unnecessary obstacles to trade

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7tructure o WTO

$inisterialconerence

)oods councilntellectual 'ro'erty

council7ericescouncil

)eneral council


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Presented by: 7anaullah

WTO 'rinci'le and ob=ecties

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Princi'les o the WTO Trading7ystem

WTO establishes a fra!ewor, for national

trade %oliies. 4i0e ore WTO %rini%les

these are i!%ortant for e0ery !e!ber of

WTO.

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>on8


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5ontinued..

Princi'le no:1

>on8ation rule

'rohibits discrimination bet-een like 'roducts creating in, or intended,

or di*erent countries

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on nued

>ational Treatment

>ational Treatment means that oreign

im'orted goods, ater they cross the border,

should be treated no less aorably than

domestically8'roduced goods The basic logic

behind national treatment is to ensure that

ta and domestic regulation are not used to

restrain trade

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ont nue

rini%le 2+

7e8uired and 9nforeable5o!!it!ents

Tari: o!!it!ents are !ade by WTO!e!bers during trade negotiations.

These negotiations are bilateral (one

ountry to one ountry) during theaession %roess" and then beo!e!ultilateral (all ountries together)

after a ountry has #oined WTO1/21/16 16

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@ontinued

rini%le 3+Trans'arency

WTO !e!bers are re8uired to %ublish theirtrade regulations and to !a,e sure anydeisions a:eting trade are noti;ed toother WTO !e!bers and to the WTOeretariat itself. The WTO also has a

Trade oliy 7e0iew


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on nued

rini%le &+7ingle Andertaking

ll WTO agree!ents are held together

as a single task. This !eans that!e!ber ountries annot seleti0elyhoose whih agree!ent they will #oin.

The WTO" and all of its agree!ents" is a

single %a,age that !e!ber states !ust#oin on an all or nothingbasis.

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@ontinued

Princi'le ":7aety Bales

n certain situations, goernments areallo-ed to control trade Cor instance,

under theAgreement on Safeguards, acountry is allo-ed to restricttem'orarily 'roducts rom -hich a Do-in im'orts caused or is threatening tocause serious in=ury to a s'eci4cdomestic industry

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o ec es

;ased in )enea, 7-itEerland,WTO seres the ollo-ingob=ecties:

To im'roe the standard o liing o

'eo'le in the member countries

To ensure ull em'loyment and broad

increase in e*ectie demand

To enlarge 'roduction and trade o goods

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Ob=ecties o WTO0

To increase the trade o serices

To ensure o'timum utiliEation o

-orld resources

To 'rotect the enironment

To acce't the conce't o sustainabledeelo'ment

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Presented y: %m=ad %li

WTO unction

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Cunctions o WTO

World Trade OrganiEation is a 'o-erul body -ith

enlarged unctions t is sa- to 'lay a im'ortant role in

the -orldFs economic relationshi's

The essential funtions of W.T.O are as follows+

To 'roide meeting or discussionsa!ong

!e!bers nations regarding !ultilateral trade

relations in !atters delineated in the agree!ents

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Cunction0

d!inistering and im'lementing the

multilateral and 'lurilateral trade

agreements. ro0iding the fra!ewor, for the

i!%le!entation" ad!inistration and o%eration of

%lurilateral trade agree!ents.

ee,ing to resole trade dis'utes.

d!inistering the trade reie-8mechanismin

relation to international trade.

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Cunction0

@oo'erating -ith international

institutionssuh as >?7@ and its

aAliated agenies in0ol0ed in global %oliy

!a,ing.

%dministering the understanding on rules and

%roedures go0erning the settle!ent of dis%utes.

Oerseeing national trade %oliies.

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Cunction0

To i!%le!ent rules and %ro0isions relatedto trade %oliy re0iew !ehanis!.

2. To %ro0ide a %latfor! to !e!ber

ountries to deide future strategiesrelated to trade and tari:.

3. To %ro0ide failities for

i!%le!entation" ad!inistration ando%eration of !ultilateral and bilateralagree!ents of the world trade.

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Cunction0

To ad!inister the rules and%roesses related to dis%utesettle!ent.

To ensure the o%ti!u! use of worldresoures.

To assist international organizations

suh as" >?7@ forestablishing oherene in Bni0ersal9ono!i oliy deter!ination.

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Presented by: 9iE-an aridi

WTO $inisterial

@onerence , Ten bene4tsand limitation

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4irst !inisterial onferene

The 4rst ministerial conerence -as held in 7inga'ore in

1!!6, -hich is the 4rst o its kind since the -orld trade body

re'laced the general agreement on tari*s and trade in

anuary 1!!" The gathering took stock o eisting trading

rules discussed urther o'ening u' o a -orld market -orth

si trillion dollars a year


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eond !inisterial onferene

The 7econd $inisterial

@onerence was held

in ene0a" witzerland on 2 n this !eeting WTO !e!bers

deided to ensure full and aurate

%erfor!ane of e-isting !ultilateral

agree!ents.1/21/16 33


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Third !inisterial onferene

The third conerence

in 7eattle, Anited 7tates ended

in ailure, -ith huge

demonstrations and 'olice and

>ational )uard cro-d control

e*orts dra-ing -orld-ide

attention1/21/16 3&

4ourth !inisterial


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4ourth !inisterialonferene

The WTO held its &th!inisterial onferene

in @oha" Catar in Do0 " 21. The @oha

@e0elo%!ent 7ound was launhed at theonferene. The onferene also a%%ro0ed

the #oining of 5hina" whih bea!e the

1&3rd !e!ber to #oin.

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4ifth !inisterial onferene

The !inisterial onferene was heldin 5anun" ndia" 5hina and?razil)" struggled de!ands fro!the Dorth for agree!ents on the so=

alled *inga%ore issues* and alledfor an end to agriulturalsubsidies within the 9B and the B.

The tal,s bro,e down without %rogress1/21/16 36


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i-th !inisterial onferene

The si-th WTO 5onferene


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e0enth !inisterial onferene

Was held 3 Do0e!ber G 2 @ee!ber

2 in ene0a" witzerland.

The general the!e for disussion was

*The WTO" the


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9ighth !inisterialonferene

>t Was held 1'G1 @ee!ber 211 in

ene0a" witzerland.


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Dinth !inisterial onferene

>t was held 3G6 @ee!ber 213 in ?ali"

>ndonesia. 1' !e!bers of World

Trade Organization agreed to the ?ali

a,age whih eases barriers to

international trade

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Tenth !inisterial onferene

>t was held 1'=1 @ee!ber 21'

in Dairobi" Fenya. The o!%letion

of fghanistan and Hiberia$s aes

sion to the WTO will be on the

agenda.

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Presented by: mame 7onia sitti

1: Nuality ?raFs in

Pakistan

2:WTO issues in

Pakistan

&: WTO im'act on

Pakistan

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7aety status o some Pakistani oods

ndiscriminate use o 'esticides andchemicals results residues in ood

Cood addities are creating toicity

@hemicals generated during ood'rocessing8 'rolonged heating oats generates carcinogens

9e'eatedly dee' ried oods are

in=urious to health

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@ontinued0

Toicity rom 'ackagingmaterial

7e-age, sludge, untreated

industrial -aste -ater 'ollutingground -ater and used oregetable gro-ing

Poultry, bee and mutton8 eedaddities, hormones andantibiotics

@lean -ater is unaailable to1/21/16 &&

ua ty ?raFs n


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ua ty ?ra s nPakistan

1!(K81!65Fs

@ratsmanshi', -hereNuality -as built into'roducts

1!65Fs8

K5Fs

Iuality control took thesha'e o ns'ection actiity

1!K5Fs8.5Fs

ntroduction o 7tatisticalIuality/ Process control in ae- key industries

1!.5Fs8!5Fs ntroduction o Iualitycircles

1!!5Fs82555

ntroduction o TI$, 7O8!555, 7tructuring o P>%@

and P7I@%1/21/16 &'


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WTO issues in Pakistan


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m'ac o onPakistan

Hi!ited e-%ort=due to non o!%liane of

WTO regulations

>nreased i!%orts

7edued >ndustrialization

Hess 9!%loy!ent G 1I une!%loy!ent

Hoss in eono!i so0ereignty

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Ten bene4ts

The syste! hel%s %ro!ote %eae5lashes are handled %ositi0ely

7ules !a,e life easier for all

4ree trade uts the osts of li0ing

>t %ro0ides !ore hoie of %roduts and 8ualitiesTrade raises ino!es

Trade sti!ulates eono!i growth

The basi %rini%les !a,e life !ore eAient

o0ern!ents are seured fro! %ro!otingThe syste! enourages good go0ern!ent

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limitation1/21/16 &

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limitation

oThe WTO >s 4unda!entallyBnde!orati

oThe WTO Will Dot t is argued the bene;ts of free tradearue !ostly to the de0elo%edworld.

o 4ree trade !ay %re0ent de0elo%ing

eono!ies de0elo% their infant1/21/16 '


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limitation The WTO has also not been sensiti0e enough to

the de0elo%!ent of non=tari: barriers to i!%orts

fro! the B@5s" suh as antidu!%ing duties

There a%%ears to ha0e been at least so!e

re0ersals in the o0erall liberalization %roess in

so!e de0elo%ing ountries. 9-a!%les are of

inreasing anti=du!%ing !easures" seleti0e

tari: inreases and in0est!ent related !easures

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Documents

Wto for international business trade