Wireless Sensor NetworksNuwan GajaweeraResearch Engineer

OutlineMotes & Wireless Sensor NetworksWSN Applications TinyOSWSN research at the Dialog Lab

Motes & Wireless Sensor Networks

MoteA very low cost low power computerMonitors one or more sensorsA Radio Link to the outside worldAre the building blocks of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)

Wireless Sensor Network A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations. - Wikipedia

Wireless Sensor NetworksFormed by hundreds or thousands of motes that communicate with each other and pass data along from one to anotherResearch done in this area focus mostly on energy aware computing and distributed computing

WSN ApplicationsEnvironmental/Habitat monitoring Acoustic detection Seismic Detection Military surveillance Inventory tracking Medical monitoring Smart spaces Process Monitoring

Habitat Monitoring on Great Duck Islandhttp://www.greatduckisland.net/Intel Research Laboratory at Berkeley initiated a collaboration with the College of the Atlantic in Bar Harbor and the University of California at Berkeley to deploy wireless sensor networks on Great Duck Island, Maine (in 2002)Monitor the microclimates in and around nesting burrows used by the Leach's Storm PetrelGoal : habitat monitoring kit for researchers worldwide

FireBugWildfire Instrumentation System Using Networked SensorsAllows predictive analysis of evolving fire behaviorFirebugs: GPS-enabled, wireless thermal sensor motes based on TinyOS that self-organize into networks for collecting real time data in wild fire environmentsSoftware architecture: Several interacting layers (Sensors, Processing of sensor data, Command center)A project by University of California, Berkeley CA.

Preventive Maintenance on an Oil Tanker in the North Sea: The BP Experiment

Collaboration of Intel & BP Use of sensor networks to support preventive maintenance on board an oil tanker in the North Sea.A sensor network deployment onboard the ship System gathered data reliably and recovered from errors when they occurred.The project was recognized by InfoWorld as one of the top 100 IT projects in 2004,

Cricket Mote

Basically a location-aware mote. Includes an Ultrasound transmitter and receiver.Uses the combination of RF and Ultrasound technologies to establish differential time of arrival and hence linear range estimates Based on Cricket Indoor Location System developed by a MIT researcher Nissanka Bodhi Priyantha

TinyOSWhat is TinyOSopen-source operating systemwireless embedded sensor networkscomponent-based architectureDeveloped at UCB in collaboration with Intel ResearchCurrent Stable Version is 1.1.15TinyOS 2.0 (T2) released on 6/11Main Ideas Low complexityConserve power sleep as frequently as possibleWritten in nesC next generation C compiler

Different Targets

Mica2Extremely popular mote8-bit AVR ControllerFSK radioData-logger flash

Our contributions to the WSN world

Mica2 Clone

Data MuleDataMule a mobile entity present in the environment that will pick up data from the mote when in range, buffer it, and drop off the data at base stationex: People, Vehicles, Livestock

Data Mule

Data Mule

Data MuleBase Station

Data Mule - ApplicationsCollecting a data in a sparse sensor networkTracking movement of mobile elementsVehiclesLivestockWild Animals

Data MuleBase Station

Data Mule - Research undertakenDevelopment of a TDMA/CSMA hybrid MACTinyOS currently has a CSMA MACHope to improve throughput by employing TDMATime is divided into transmission periods and contention periodsNodes will contend with each other to join the transmission group during the contention period.Nodes in the transmission group will be allocated a time-slot in the transmission period.Development of data storage engine optimized for fast retrieval

Thank you..

Sensors : Thermal, light, pressure, GPS, Accelerometer More can be done here (overview of the protocol)