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Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions
May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 1
Thomas Stenhede Master of ScienceMarketing/Application manager
Wärtsilä Sweden AB
“Controlling emissions in a combustion engine”
Internet: www.wartsila.commobile +46/70 591 50 79
E-mail: [email protected]
Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions
May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 2
WÄRTSILÄRTA enginesRT-flex engines
WÄRTSILÄEnginesGensetsAuxpacPropacAutomation
LIPSFPPCPPGearsThrustersJetsRuddersControls
WÄRTSILÄLNGOffshoreLarge scope
SolutionPropulsion4-stroke2-stroke
JMT/DSSSealsBearings
Ship Power - Product Groups
Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions
May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 3
NOx:• acid rain, acidification• ozone/smog formation in the lower atmosphere • damage on vegetation and human health
CO:• detrimental to health
Total Hydrocarbons/VOC:• ozone/smog formation in the lower atmosphere• some considered• contribute to the greenhouse effect
Particulates/PM:• detrimental to health in lungs
CO2:• contribute to the greenhouse effect
Sulphur:
• acid rain, acidification• affects components erosion and corrosion
Exhaust compounds and their environmental impact
Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions
May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 4
Fuel effects emissions by :•Chemical additives
•Catalytic residuals
•Sulphur content
•Liquid or gaseous
Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions
May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 5
NOx:• Engine modifications• Water treatment (WetPac) • After treatment (SCR)
CO:• Oxidation catalysts
Total Hydrocarbons/VOC:• Improved combustion• Oxidation catalysts
Particulates/PM:• Fuel composition• Related to sulphur content
CO2:• Reduced specific fuel
consumption • Choice of fuel; gaseous or
liquidSulphur:
• Fuel related
Methods for reduced emissions
Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions
May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 6
SPEC
IFIC
NO
EM
ISSI
ON
S (g
/ kW
h)
x
4
6
10
12
14
16
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
2
RPM
18
20
0
IMO proposal
Medium-speed High-speedLow-speed
SCR
Low NOx combustion
EPA and EU proposal for 2007IMO -30%
Direct water injection or WetPack8
IMO Global Marine NOx Regulation
Reference Fuel: Marine Diesel OilImplementation: New Ships and major conversions
Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions
May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 7
Controlling NOx emissions
Dry technologies•Miller timing – Variable Inlet valve Closure (VIC)•Retarded Start of Injection (SOI)•Common Rail•Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Wet technologies•Fuel/water emulsions•Humidification of combustion air (WetPac)•Direct Water Injection (DWI)
Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions
May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 8
2100 1600 1100 700 300
Engine control11 g/kWh
Water injection7 g/kWh
DF Engine gas3 g/kWh
NOx emissions of a RoPax with an engine power of 20 MW and operating 5000 h/year
Before 1995
21 g/kWh1995-2000
16 g/kWh
Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions
May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 9
Relative Particulate Emissions - Measurement method ISO 9096Influence of Fuel Sulphur and Ash Content
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16
Fuel Ash Content (%-mass)
Rela
tive
Par
ticul
ate
Emis
sion
s -
Refe
renc
e ty
pica
l MDO
fuel
qua
lity
Fuel Sulphur Content = 0.2 %-mass
Fuel Sulphur Content = 1.5 %-mass
Fuel Sulphur Content = 2.5 %-mass
Fuel Sulphur Content = 3.5 %-mass
Fuel Sulphur Content = 4.5 %-mass
Reference = 1:Typical Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Sulphur Content: 0.2 %-massAsh Content: 0.01 %-mass
Influence of Fuel Sulphur and Ash Content on Particulate Emissions
Controlling PM emissions with low sulphur fuel
Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions
May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 10
Controlling PM emissions with common rail
Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions
May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 11
800750 700
600 550
Coal fired boiler Gas
turbine Truck diesel Small marine
diesel Large marine diesel
Gas driven DF Engines
450
Controlling CO2 emissionsSpecific CO2 emissions in g/kWh (shaft)