WRLFMD Quarterly Report

July to September 2015

Reference Laboratory Contract Report

Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

Contents 1. Global Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 3

2. Summary of samples ................................................................................................................................ 5

3. Virology Results ....................................................................................................................................... 6

4. Detailed Sequence Analysis .................................................................................................................... 11

5. Vaccine matching ................................................................................................................................... 17

6. Vaccine strain recommendations ........................................................................................................... 19

7. Recent FMD publications ....................................................................................................................... 20

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

1. Global Summary

1.1. Africa

Angola

A new outbreak of FMD SAT 2 was reported on 15/08/2015 in cattle at Tchissoata, Cubati, Cuvelai, Cunene.

Botswana

On 21/06/2015, an outbreak of FMD SAT 1 was reported in cattle at Kobongo Ntema Crush, Chobe West, Chobe, close to the Caprivi Strip (Namibia). The last outbreak in this area was in October 2010.

Between 26/07/2015 and 17/08/2015, nine outbreaks of FMD SAT 2 were reported in Zone 2E, Ngamiland. Subsequently, between 3rd and 15th August four outbreaks were reported in Zone 2D, Ngamiland.

Malawi

A single outbreak of FMD (typing pending) was reported in cattle at Mthumba Dip Tank, T/A Katunga, Chikwawa, Shire Valley in the south of the country.

Mozambique

On 17/06/2015 FMD SAT 2 was reported in cattle at Ringane, Tlhavene, Massingir, Gaza.

Namibia

On 10/07/2015, FMD SAT 1 was reported in cattle in two locations at Katima Mulilo, Linyati, Zambezi (Caprivi Strip).

A further 10 outbreaks of FMD SAT 2 have been reported in cattle between 05/06/2015 and 23/07/2015 at various locations along the northern border with Angola.

Tanzania

Forty one samples were received from cattle in the Mara Region. Eight typed as FMDV O (EA-2) and 29 as FMDV SAT 1 (topotype I). Three were FMDV-GD and one was NVD.

Zimbabwe

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

Between 18/06/2015 and 09/09/2015, 65 outbreaks of FMD SAT 2 were reported in cattle in the Midlands, Manicaland, Masvingo and Matabeleland South provinces.

Between 15/06/2015 and 09/09/20156 another 20 outbreaks of FMD in cattle in the Midlands and Mashonaland West provinces were untyped. Two further outbreaks of FMD in Matabeland North (22/06/2015 and 24/08/2015) were also untyped.

1.2. Asia

Laos

A single sample was received from the Thailand Regional Reference Laboratory (TRRL) and typed as FMDV A (ASIA/Sea-97).

Pakistan

Ten samples were received. Seven typed as FMDV A (ASIA/Iran-05FAR-11) and three were FMDV-GD.

Thailand

Twenty five samples were received from the Thailand Regional Reference Laboratory (TRRL); 16 typed as FMDV A (ASIA/Sea-97), eight as FMDV O (SEA/Mya-98) and one was FMDV-GD.

Vietnam

Four samples were received from the Thailand Region Reference Laboratory (TRRL); three typed as FMDV A (ASIA/Sea-97) and one as FMDV O (SEA/Mya-98).

1.3. South America

No outbreaks reported

1.4. Uncharacterised FMD viruses

A number of outbreaks have occurred where samples have not been sent to the WRLFMD. It is probable that the countries involved have performed their own genetic characterisatio11n; however, through the OIE/FAO Laboratory Network we would also like to encourage the submission of samples (or complete VP1 sequences) to the WRLFMD.

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

2. Summary of samples

Summary of samples collected and received by WRLFMD® (July to September 2015)

Country

No of

samples

Virus isolation in cell culture/ELISA rRT-PCR for FMD

(or SVD) virus (where appropriate) FMD virus serotypes

NVD O A C SAT 1 SAT 2 SAT 3 Asia 1 Positive Negative

BOTSWANA 2 - - - 2 - - - - 2 -

KAZAKHSTAN 5 - - - - - - - 5 - 5

LAOS 1 - 1 - - - - - - 1 -

PAKISTAN 10 - 7 - - - - - 3 10 0

MOZAMBIQUE 2 - - - - 1 - - 1 1 1

NAMIBIA 6 - - - 1 5 - - - 5 1

NIGER 4 1 - - - - - - 3 2 2

SAUDI ARABIA 2 - 2 - - - - - - 2 -

THAILAND 25 8 16 - - - - - 1 25 -

TURKEY* 28 - - - - - - - - - -

UGANDA 2 - - - - - - - 2 1 1

VIETNAM 4 1 3 - - - - - - 4 -

ZIMBABWE* 18 - - - - 1 - - 2 3 -

TOTAL 109 10 29 - 3 7 - - 17 56 10

*samples currently being tested

Sample results pending from previous report: - - - - - - - - - - - -

TOTAL - - - - - - - - - - -

Abbreviations used in table:

VI / ELISA FMD (or SVD) virus serotype identified following virus isolation in cell culture and antigen detection ELISA

FMD foot-and-mouth disease

SVD swine vesicular disease

NVD no FMD, SVD or vesicular stomatitis virus detected

NT not tested

rRT-PCR Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for FMD (or SVD) viral genome

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

3. Virology Results

Detailed virology results for clinical samples tested by the WRLFMD® (July to September 2015)

Country WRL for FMD

Sample Identification

Species Date of

Collection

Results

VI / ELISA

rRT-PCR Final report

BOTSWANA BOT 1/2015 BOVINE 27-Jun-15 SAT 1 POS SAT 1

BOT 2/2015 BOVINE 27-Jun-15 SAT 1 POS SAT 1

KAZAKHSTAN

KAZ 1/2015 CATTLE 07-Jun-15 NEG NEG NVD

KAZ 2/2015 CATTLE 07-Jun-15 NEG NEG NVD

KAZ 3/2015 CATTLE 07-Jun-15 NEG NEG NVD

KAZ 4/2015 CATTLE 07-Jun-15 NEG NEG NVD

KAZ 5/2015 CATTLE 07-Jun-15 NEG NEG NVD

LAOS LAO 1/2015 CATTLE 09-Mar-15 A POS A

MOZAMBIQUE MOZ 1/2015 BOVINE 01-May-15 SAT 2 POS SAT 2

MOZ 2/2015 BOVINE 01-May-15 NEG NEG NVD

NAMIBIA

NMB 1/2015 BOVINE 20-May-15 SAT 1 POS SAT 1

NMB 2/2015 BOVINE 20-May-15 SAT 2 POS SAT 2

NMB 2/2015 BOVINE 20-May-15 SAT 2 NEG SAT 2

NMB 3/2015 BOVINE 20-May-15 SAT 2 POS SAT 2

NMB 4/2015 BOVINE 20-May-15 SAT 2 POS SAT 2

NMB 5/2015 BOVINE 20-May-15 SAT 2 POS SAT 2

NMB 6/2015 BOVINE 20-May-15 SAT 1 POS SAT 1

NIGER

NGR 1/2015 BOVINE 26-May-15 NEG NEG NVD

NGR 2/2015 BOVINE 26-May-15 NEG POS

FMDV

GD

NGR 3/2015 BOVINE 26-May-15 NEG NEG NVD

NGR 4/2015 BOVINE 26-May-15 O POS O

PAKISTAN

PAK 12/2015 BUFFALO 15-Jan-15 A POS A

PAK 13/2015 CATTLE 28-Jan-15 A POS A

PAK 14/2015 BUFFALO 29-Jan-15 NEG POS FMDV

GD

PAK 15/2015 BUFFALO 30-Jan-15 A POS A

PAK 16/2015 CATTLE 28-Feb-15 A POS A

PAK 17/2015 BUFFALO 02-Apr-15 A POS A

PAK 18/2015 BUFFALO 11-Apr-15 NEG POS FMDV

GD

PAK 19/2015 BUFFALO 16-Apr-15 NEG POS FMDV

GD

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

Country WRL for FMD

Sample Identification

Species Date of

Collection

Results

VI / ELISA

rRT-PCR Final report

PAK 20/2015 CATTLE 06-May-15 A POS A

PAK 21/2015 CATTLE 08-Jun-15 A POS A

SAUDI ARABIA SAU 1/2015 CATTLE 02-Sep-15 A POS A

SAU 2/2015 CATTLE 02-Sep-15 A POS A

THAILAND

TAI 5/2014 DAIRY 17-Jan-14 A POS A

TAI 6/2014 DAIRY 17-Jan-14 A POS A

TAI 7/2014 DAIRY 28-Jan-14 A POS A

TAI 8/2014 BUFFALO 24-Feb-14 A POS A

TAI 9/2014 BUFFALO 25-Feb-14 A POS A

TAI 10/2014 CATTLE 10-Mar-14 O POS O

TAI 11/2014 CATTLE 30-Apr-14 O POS O

TAI 12/2014 CATTLE 12-May-14 A POS A

TAI 13/2014 CATTLE 22-May-14 O POS O

TAI 14/2014 CATTLE 02-Jun-14 A POS A

TAI 15/2014 DAIRY 06-Jun-14 A POS A

TAI 16/2014 DAIRY 12-Jun-14 A POS A

TAI 17/2014 DAIRY 28-Jul-14 A POS A

TAI 18/2014 DAIRY 29-Jul-14 A POS A

TAI 19/2014 CATTLE 04-Aug-14 O POS O

TAI 20/2014 DAIRY 14-Aug-14 O POS O

TAI 21/2014 DAIRY 25-Aug-14 A POS A

TAI 1/2015 DAIRY 05-Jan-15 A POS A

TAI 2/2015 CATTLE 06-Jan-15 NEG POS FMDV

GD

TAI 3/2015 DAIRY 16-Jan-15 A POS A

TAI 4/2015 DAIRY 20-Jan-15 A POS A

TAI 5/2015 CATTLE 23-Jan-15 A POS A

TAI 6/2015 DAIRY 02-Feb-15 O POS O

TAI 7/2015 DAIRY 17-Feb-15 O POS O

TAI 8/2015 CATTLE 24-Feb-15 O POS O

TURKEY

TUR 31/2014 CATTLE 04-Aug-14 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 32/2014 CATTLE 22-Aug-14 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 33/2014 CATTLE 03-Sep-14 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 34/2014 CATTLE 04-Sep-14 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 35/2014 CATTLE 01-Oct-14 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 36/2014 CATTLE 21-Oct-14 Pending Pending Pending

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

Country WRL for FMD

Sample Identification

Species Date of

Collection

Results

VI / ELISA

rRT-PCR Final report

TUR 37/2014 CATTLE 24-Oct-14 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 38/2014 CATTLE 02-Dec-14 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 39/2014 CATTLE 03-Dec-14 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 40/2014 CATTLE 09-Dec-14 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 41/2014 CATTLE 03-Feb-14 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 1/2015 CATTLE 29-Jan-15 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 2/2015 CATTLE 10-Feb-15 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 3/2015 CATTLE 16-Feb-15 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 4/2015 CATTLE 17-Feb-15 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 5/2015 CATTLE 18-Feb-15 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 6/2015 CATTLE 23-Feb-15 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 7/2015 CATTLE 02-Mar-15 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 8/2015 CATTLE 26-Mar-15 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 9/2015 SHEEP 27-Mar-15 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 10/2015 CATTLE 27-Mar-15 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 11/2015 CATTLE 30-Mar-15 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 12/2015 CATTLE 01-Apr-15 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 13/2015 CATTLE 14-Apr-15 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 14/2015 CATTLE 14-Mar-15 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 15/2015 CATTLE 30-Apr-15 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 16/2015 CATTLE 13-May-15 Pending Pending Pending

TUR 17/2015 CATTLE 13-May-15 Pending Pending Pending

UGANDA

UGA 1/2014 BOVINE 04-Jul-14 NEG NEG NVD

UGA 2/2014 BOVINE 05-Jul-14 NEG POS

FMDV

GD

VIETNAM

VIT 1/2015 PIG 27-Apr-15 A POS A

VIT 2/2015 CATTLE 27-Apr-15 A POS A

VIT 3/2015 CATTLE 27-Apr-15 A POS A

VIT 4/2015 CATTLE 27-Apr-15 O POS O

ZIMBABWE

ZIM 1/2015 BOVINE 15-Apr-15 SAT 2 POS SAT 2

ZIM 2/2015 BOVINE 15-Apr-15 NEG POS

FMDV

GD

ZIM 3/2015 BOVINE 15-Apr-15 NEG POS

FMDV

GD

ZIM 4/2015 BOVINE 07-Apr-15 Pending Pending Pending

ZIM 5/2015 BOVINE 03-Jun-15 Pending Pending Pending

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

Country WRL for FMD

Sample Identification

Species Date of

Collection

Results

VI / ELISA

rRT-PCR Final report

ZIM 6/2015 BOVINE 06-Jun-15 Pending Pending Pending

ZIM 7/2015 BOVINE 09-Jun-15 Pending Pending Pending

ZIM 8/2015 BOVINE 18-Jun-15 Pending Pending Pending

ZIM 9/2015 BOVINE 20-Jun-15 Pending Pending Pending

ZIM 10/2015 BOVINE 20-Jun-15 Pending Pending Pending

ZIM 11/2015 BOVINE 23-Jun-15 Pending Pending Pending

ZIM 12/2015 BOVINE 07-Jul-15 Pending Pending Pending

ZIM 13/2015 BOVINE 14-Jul-15 Pending Pending Pending

ZIM 14/2015 BOVINE 17-Jul-15 Pending Pending Pending

ZIM 15/2015 BOVINE 20-Jul-15 Pending Pending Pending

ZIM 16/2015 BOVINE 12-Aug-15 Pending Pending Pending

ZIM 17/2015 BOVINE 17-Aug-15 Pending Pending Pending

ZIM 18/2015 BOVINE 18-Aug-15 Pending Pending Pending

TOTAL: 109

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

Carried over from previous quarterly report:

Country WRL for FMD

Sample Identification

Species Date of

Collection

Results

VI/ELISA RT-PCR Final report

- - - - - - -

TOTAL: -

Abbreviations used in table:

FMD(V) Foot-and-mouth disease (virus) FMDV GD Genome detected FMDV NGD Genome not detected (samples submitted in Trizol, only rRT-

PCR carried out) VI/ELISA FMDV serotype identified following virus isolation in cell culture

and antigen ELISA rRT-PCR Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on

epithelial suspension for FMD (or SVD) viral genome NVD No foot-and-mouth disease, swine vesicular disease or

vesicular stomatitis virus detected NT Not tested

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

4. Detailed Sequence Analysis

An up-to-date list and reports of FMD viruses characterised by sequencing can be found at the following website: http://www.wrlfmd.org/fmd_genotyping/2015.htm.

Results from samples received at WRLFMD (status of samples being tested) are shown in

and a summary of all samples received by WRLFMD for this period is shown in chapter 2. A complete list of clinical sample diagnostics made by the WRLFMD between July to September 2015 is shown in chapter 3.

Table 1: Status of sequencing of samples received by the WRLFMD from July to September 2015 (*) indicates samples carried over from the last quarter)

WRLFMD Batch No. Date received Country Serotype No. of samples No. of sequences Sequencing status

WRLFMD/2015/00008* 30/04/2015 Tanzania O 8 8 Completed

WRLFMD/2015/00008* 30/04/2015 Tanzania SAT 1 29 29 Completed

WRLFMD/2015/00013 16/07/2015 Pakistan A 7 7 Completed

WRLFMD/2015/00015 12/08/2015 Turkey Pending 28

Pending

WRLFMD/2015/00016 12/08/2015 Thailand O 8 8 Completed

WRLFMD/2015/00016 12/08/2015 Thailand A 16 16 Completed

WRLFMD/2015/00017 12/08/2015 Laos A 1 1 Completed

WRLFMD/2015/00018 12/08/2015 Vietnam O 1 1 Completed

WRLFMD/2015/00018 12/08/2015 Vietnam A 3 3 Completed

WRLFMD/2015/00019 13/08/2015 Botswana Pending 2

Pending

WRLFMD/2015/00020 13/08/2015 Namibia Pending 6

Pending

WRLFMD/2015/00021 13/08/2015 Uganda Pending 2

Pending

WRLFMD/2015/00022 13/08/2015 Zimbabwe Pending 3

Pending

WRLFMD/2015/00023 13/08/2015 Mozambique Pending 2

Pending

116 73

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

Africa:

Tanzania WRLFMD/2015/00008

Date sequence received: 30/04/2015

No. of samples: 41

O (EA-2): 8

SAT 1 (I - NWZ): 29

FMDV-GD: 3

NVD: 1

(all samples from Mara region)

200 km

100 mi

© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com

Arusha

Dar es Salaam

Dodoma

Iringa

Kagera

Kigoma

Kilimanjaro

Lindi

Manyara

Mara

Mwanza

Tabora

Shinyanga

Rukwa

Mbeya

Ruvuma Mtwara

Morogoro

Singida

Pwani

TangaPemba North

Pemba South

Zanzibar Central/South

Zanzibar NorthZanzibar Urban/West

SAT1/TAN/22/2014

SAT1/TAN/23/2014

SAT1/TAN/21/2014

SAT1/TAN/25/2014

SAT1/TAN/24/2014

SAT1/TAN/26/2014

SAT1/TAN/27/2014

SAT1/TAN/29/2014

SAT1/TAN/30/2014

SAT1/TAN/31/2014

SAT1/TAN/32/2014

SAT1/TAN/41/2014

SAT1/TAN/17/2014

SAT1/TAN/18/2014

SAT1/TAN/28/2014

SAT1/TAN/33/2014

SAT1/TAN/34/2014

SAT1/TAN/36/2014

SAT1/TAN/38/2014

SAT1/TAN/19/2014

SAT1/TAN/35/2014

SAT1/TAN/37/2014

SAT1/TAN/14/2014

SAT1/TAN/15/2014

SAT1/TAN/16/2014

SAT1/TAN/13/2014

SAT1/TAN/11/2014

SAT1/TAN/12/2014

SAT1/TAN/20/2014

SAT1/TAN/30/2013

SAT1/TAN/31/2013

SAT1/TAN/32/2013

SAT1/TAN/24/2013

SAT1/TAN/20/2013

SAT1/TAN/21/2013

SAT1/TAN/23/2013

SAT1/TAN/25/2013

SAT1/TAN/22/2013

SAT1/TAN/27/2013

SAT1/TAN/29/2013

SAT1/TAN/19/99 (KF561714)

SAT1/TAN/25/99 (KF561716)

SAT1/TAN/21/99 (KF561715)

SAT1/TAN/51/99 (KF561720)

SAT1/T155/71 (KF561706)

SAT1/ZIM/23/2003 (KF219690)

I (NWZ)

II (SEZ)

III (WZ)

IV (EA-1) VIII (EA-3)

IX V VII (EA-2)

VI100

93

92

100

100

99

70

84

79

100

100

85

100

100

100

0.05

O/TAN/8/2014

O/TAN/10/2014

O/TAN/9/2014

O/TAN/7/2014

O/TAN/6/2014

O/TAN/5/2014

O/TAN/4/2014

O/TAN/3/2014

O/COD/3/2010

O/COD/4/2010

O/TAN-CVL-2012-0318

O/TAN-CVL-2012-0321

O/TAN-CVL-2013-0364

O/TAN-CVL-2013-0362

O/TAN-CVL-2013-0366

O/ZAM/3/2010

O/ZAM/4/2010

O/TAN-CVL-2010-0004

O/ZAM/1/2010

O/TAN-CVL-2010-0108

O/TAN-CVL-2011-0106

O/COD/2/2010

O/TAN-CVL-2010-0019

O/TAN-CVL-2010-0109

O/COD/1/2010

O/ZAM/P3/2010

O/TAN-CVL-2013-0376

O/TAN-CVL-2013-0378

O/U312/06* (HM191257)

O/COD/80/2006

O/COD/82/2006

O/U18/06* (HM756627)

O/KSE/UGA/2006 (EF611987)

O/U25/06* (HM756628)

O/COD/10/2006

O/COD/100/2006

O/COD/101/2006

O/COD/102/2006

O/COD/3/2006

O/TAN/5/2009 (KF561685)

O/TAN/44/2009 (KF561686)

O/TAN-CVL-2009-0040

O/U12/05* (HM756625)

O/UGA/1/2004

O/UGA/3/2004

O/UGA/18/2004

O/UGA/4/2004

O/UGA/18/2007

O/UGA/6/2004

O/UGA/5/2004

O/UGA/7/2004

O/UGA/8/2004

O/UGA/3/2002 (DQ165077)

O/KEN/5/2002 (DQ165073)

O/MAL/1/98 (DQ165074)

O/TAN/2/2004 (KF561679)

EA-2

WA

EA-4

EA-1

EA-3

ME-SA / SEA

EURO-SA

ISA-2

ISA-1

CATHAY

100

100

100

100

99

92

98

80

71

7980

100

100

73

99

95

100

100

99

94

90

70

99

94

100

0.02

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

Asia:

Laos WRLFMD/2015/00017

Date sequence received: 12/08/2015

No. of samples: 1

A (ASIA/Sea-97): 1

A/Zabaikalsky/6/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/Zabaikalsky/1/RUS/2014* (ARRIAH)

A/Amur/4/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/Amur/2/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/GDMM-CHA-2013-S (KF450794)

A/KAZ/1/2013* (ARRIAH)

A/Zabaikalsky/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/Zabaikalsky/5/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/GZ-HX/CHA/2013 (KJ646647)

A/GZ-ZB/CHA/2013 (KJ646649)

A/GZ-JC/CHA/2013 (KJ646650)

A/GZ-WD/CHA/2013 (KJ646648)

A/GZ-XF/CHA/2013 (KJ646657)

A/GZ-BY/CHA/2013 (KJ646645)

A/GZ-YA/CHA/2013 (KJ646646)

A/GZ-GY/CHA/2013 (KJ646651)

A/KAZ/2/2013* (ARRIAH)

A/MOG/3/2013

A/MOG/5/2013

A/MOG/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/MOG/1/2013

A/MOG/2/2013

A/MOG/4/2013

A/Amur/RUS/2013* (ARRIAH)

A/Amur/3/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/KM/TAW/2015* (NVRI)

A/TAI/21/2014

A/TAI/17/2014

A/LAO/1/2015

A/TAI/3/2015

A/TAI/4/2015

A/TAI/5/2015

A/TAI/15/2012

A/VIT/25/2012

A/VIT/26/2012

A/MOG/11/2013

A/MOG/12/2013

A/MOG/13/2013

A/MAY/1/2012

A/TAI/1/2015

A/TAI/13/2012

A/TAI/16/2012

A/VIT/15/2012

A/VIT/16/2012

A/VIT/17/2012

A/VIT/18/2012

A/VIT/19/2012

A/VIT/20/2012 (KT223562)

A/TAI/9/2012

A/TAI/3/2012

A/TAI/4/2012

A/TAI 3/12* (TRRL)

A/MAY/5/2012

A/TAI 4/12* (TRRL)

A/TAI/1/2012

A/MAY/3/2012

A/TAI/2/2012

A/VN/T11D/2013* (APFQIA-ROK) (KJ608371)

A/TAI/6/2013

A/TAI/7/2003 (HQ116312)

A/TAI/8/2014

A/VIT/58/2013

A/TAI/1/2014

A/TAI/2/2014

A/TAI/14/2013

A/TAI/15/2013

A/TAI/12/2013

A/TAI/4/2014

A/TAI/16/2013

A/TAI/12/2014

A/TAI/14/2014

A/VIT/53/2013

A/VIT/2/2014

A/VIT/1/2015

A/VIT/6/2014

A/VIT/7/2014

A/VIT/59/2013

A/VIT/35/2013

A/VIT/54/2013

A/VIT/3/2014

A/VIT/3/2015

A/VIT/1/2014

A/VIT/19/2014

A/VIT/20/2014

A/VIT/42/2013

A/TAI/5/2014

A/VIT/8/2014

A/VIT/2/2015

A/VIT/56/2013

A/VIT/14/2014

A/VIT/15/2014

A/TAI/16/2014

A/TAI/18/2014

A/TAI/15/2014

A/TAI/7/2014

A/MAY/17/2013

A/MAY/21/2013

A/TAI/17/2013

A/TAI/20/2013

A/LAO/1/2014

A/LAO/2/2014

A/LAO/3/2014

A/TAI/6/2014

A/TAI/9/2014

A/VIT/62/2013

A/VIT/63/2013

Sea-97

Thai-87

Sea-97 A/TAI/2/97 (EF208778)

Iran-87

Iran-99

A22

A15

Iran-05

ASIA

EURO-SA

AFRICA

9999

82

75

96

70

71

96

98

70

72

84

99

99

98

84

99

73

83

99

99

95

94

87

99

84

78

0.02

40 km

20 mi

© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com

Attapeu

Bokeo

Bolikhamsai

Champasak

Hua Phan

Khammouane

Luang

Namtha

Luang

PhrabangOudomxay

Phongsali

Sainyabuli

Salavan

Savannakhet

Sekong

Vientiane

Prefecture

Vientiane

Province

Xieng

Khaung

1

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

Pakistan WRLFMD/2015/00013

Date sequence received: 16/07/2015

No. of samples: 10 A (ASIA/Iran-05FAR-11): 7

FMDV-GD: 3

A/AFG/14/2013

A/AFG/19/2013

A/AFG/12/2013

A/PAK/6/2013

A/PAK/19/2013

A/PAK/48/2012

A/PAK/1/2013

A/PAK/23/2014

A/PAK/11/2013

A/PAK/13/2013

A/IRN/24/2013

A/PAK/14/2013

A/PAK/21/2013

A/PAK/8/2013

A/PAK/25/2013

A/PAK/17/2013

A/PAK/22/2014

A/AFG/32/2013

A/AFG/28/2013

A/AFG/30/2013

A/PAK/5/2013

A/AFG/4/2013

A/AFG/5/2013

A/AFG/8/2013

A/AFG/9/2013

A/AFG/13/2013

A/AFG/15/2013

A/IRN/1/2011

A/BAL/PAK/iso-2/2011 (JX435106)

A/PAK/12/2015

A/PAK/21/2015

A/PAK/28/2014

A/PAK/33/2014

A/PAK/41/2014

A/PAK/43/2014

A/PAK/17/2015

A/PAK/20/2015

A/PAK/10/2015

A/PAK/13/2015

A/PAK/15/2015

A/PAK/16/2015

FAR-11

SIS-12 A/IRN/15/2012

HER-10 A/AFG/10/2010

FAR-09 A/IRN/78/2009

AFG-07 A/AFG/6/2007 (FJ755007)

BAR-08 A/BAR/6/2008 (FJ755010)

SIS-10 A/IRN/125/2010

QAZ-11 A/IRN/9/2011

ESF-10 A/IRN/9/2010

ARD-07 A/TUR/1/2008 (FJ755133)

KSS-09 A/TUR/3/2010

A/IRN/1/2005 (EF208769)

EZM-07 A/TUR/33/2008 (FJ755155)

Iran-05

Iran-87

Thai-87

Sea-97

A22

A15

ASIA

EURO-SA

AFRICA

98

99

98

99

87

92

75

99

95

87

77

78

99

9799

99

97

99

90

97

96

0.02

200 km

© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com

100 mi

Balochistan

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Province

Punjab

Sindh

Federally Administered

Tribal Areas

Azad Jammu

and Kashmir

Gilgit-Baltistan

A

FMDV-GD16

18

14

19

12 13

15 17

20 21

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

Thailand WRLFMD/2015/00016

Date sequence received: 12/08/2015

No. of samples: 25

O (SEA/Mya-98): 8

A (ASIA/Sea-97): 16

FMDV-GD: 1

A/Zabaikalsky/6/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/Zabaikalsky/1/RUS/2014* (ARRIAH)

A/Amur/4/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/Amur/2/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/GDMM-CHA-2013-S (KF450794)

A/KAZ/1/2013* (ARRIAH)

A/Zabaikalsky/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/Zabaikalsky/5/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/GZ-HX/CHA/2013 (KJ646647)

A/GZ-ZB/CHA/2013 (KJ646649)

A/GZ-JC/CHA/2013 (KJ646650)

A/GZ-WD/CHA/2013 (KJ646648)

A/GZ-XF/CHA/2013 (KJ646657)

A/GZ-BY/CHA/2013 (KJ646645)

A/GZ-YA/CHA/2013 (KJ646646)

A/GZ-GY/CHA/2013 (KJ646651)

A/KAZ/2/2013* (ARRIAH)

A/MOG/3/2013

A/MOG/5/2013

A/MOG/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/MOG/1/2013

A/MOG/2/2013

A/MOG/4/2013

A/Amur/RUS/2013* (ARRIAH)

A/Amur/3/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/KM/TAW/2015* (NVRI)

A/TAI/21/2014

A/TAI/17/2014

A/LAO/1/2015

A/TAI/3/2015

A/TAI/4/2015

A/TAI/5/2015

A/TAI/15/2012

A/VIT/25/2012

A/VIT/26/2012

A/MOG/11/2013

A/MOG/12/2013

A/MOG/13/2013

A/MAY/1/2012

A/TAI/1/2015

A/TAI/13/2012

A/TAI/16/2012

A/VIT/15/2012

A/VIT/16/2012

A/VIT/17/2012

A/VIT/18/2012

A/VIT/19/2012

A/VIT/20/2012 (KT223562)

A/TAI/9/2012

A/TAI/3/2012

A/TAI/4/2012

A/TAI 3/12* (TRRL)

A/MAY/5/2012

A/TAI 4/12* (TRRL)

A/TAI/1/2012

A/MAY/3/2012

A/TAI/2/2012

A/VN/T11D/2013* (APFQIA-ROK) (KJ608371)

A/TAI/6/2013

A/TAI/7/2003 (HQ116312)

A/TAI/8/2014

A/VIT/58/2013

A/TAI/1/2014

A/TAI/2/2014

A/TAI/14/2013

A/TAI/15/2013

A/TAI/12/2013

A/TAI/4/2014

A/TAI/16/2013

A/TAI/12/2014

A/TAI/14/2014

A/VIT/53/2013

A/VIT/2/2014

A/VIT/1/2015

A/VIT/6/2014

A/VIT/7/2014

A/VIT/59/2013

A/VIT/35/2013

A/VIT/54/2013

A/VIT/3/2014

A/VIT/3/2015

A/VIT/1/2014

A/VIT/19/2014

A/VIT/20/2014

A/VIT/42/2013

A/TAI/5/2014

A/VIT/8/2014

A/VIT/2/2015

A/VIT/56/2013

A/VIT/14/2014

A/VIT/15/2014

A/TAI/16/2014

A/TAI/18/2014

A/TAI/15/2014

A/TAI/7/2014

A/MAY/17/2013

A/MAY/21/2013

A/TAI/17/2013

A/TAI/20/2013

A/LAO/1/2014

A/LAO/2/2014

A/LAO/3/2014

A/TAI/6/2014

A/TAI/9/2014

A/VIT/62/2013

A/VIT/63/2013

Sea-97

Thai-87

Sea-97 A/TAI/2/97 (EF208778)

Iran-87

Iran-99

A22

A15

Iran-05

ASIA

EURO-SA

AFRICA

9999

82

75

96

70

71

96

98

70

72

84

99

99

98

84

99

73

83

99

99

95

94

87

99

84

78

0.02

Chiang Mai

Chiang Rai

KamphaengPhet

Nakhon Sawan

Nan

Phayao

Phichit

Phitsanulok

Phrae

Tak

Uthai Thani

Uttaradit

AC.

Buriram

KalasinKhon Kaen

Loei

Nakhon Ratchasima

NBL.

Roi Et

Sakhon Nakhon

Si SaketSurin

Ubon Ratchathani

Udon Thani

AT: Ang Thong AC: Ay: AyutthayaBa: BangkokCh: ChainatNBL: NN: Nakhon NayokNP: Nakhon PathomNo: NonthaburiPT: Pathum ThaniSa: SP: Samut PrakanSS: Samut SakhonSSo: Samut SongkhramSi: Singburi

Amnat Charoen

Nong Bua Lamphu

Saraburi

AT.

Ay.

Ba.

Ch.

Kanchanaburi

Lopburi

NN.

NP.No.

PT.

Phetchaburi

Prachuap Khiri Khan

Ratchaburi SP.SS.

Sso.

Sa.

Si.

Chonburi

Rayong

Sa Kaeo

Trat

Chumpon

KrabiNakhon Si Thammarat

Narathiwat

Pattani

Phang Nga

PhattalungPhuket

Ranong

Songkhla

Surat Thani

Trang

Yala

Bueng KanNong Khai

©d

- ma

ps

. co

m

150 km

100 mi

O (2014)

O (2015)

A (2014)

A (2015)

FMDV-GD

1011

13

19

20

5

6

7

8

912

14

15

16

17

1821

6

3

4

7

8

2

1

5

O/MOG/3/2015

O/MOG/4/2015

O/MOG/2/2015

O/MOG/1/2015

O/MAY/2/2014

O/TAI/10/2014

O/TAI/7/2015

O/VIT/18/2014

O/VIT/13/2014

O/VIT/4/2015

O/MAY/9/2014

O/TAI/20/2014

O/TAI/11/2014

O/TAI/19/2014

O/TAI/6/2015

O/VIT/21/2014

O/VIT/26/2014

O/VIT/27/2014

O/TAI/13/2014

O/TAI/8/2015

O/TAI/14/2012

O/MAY/34/2012

O/TAI/18/2012

O/LAO/1/2013

O/LAO/2/2013

O/MAY/25/2012

O/MAY/1/2013

O/MOG/2/2010 (JQ070309)

O/MOG/CO3/2010* (JQ070325)

O/MAY/20/2009 (HQ116218)

O/MAY/21/2009 (HQ116219)

O/VN/HB166/2009 (HM055499)

O/VN/LC03/2010 (HQ260715)

O/LAO/1/2010

O/MAY/25/2009

O/MAY/26/2009

O/TAI/19/2009 (HQ116266)

O/VIT/2/2010 (JQ070322)

O/VN/SL01/2010 (HQ260713)

O/VN/SL02/2010 (HQ260714)

O/VN/PT170/2009 (HM055501)

O/TAI/12/2009 (HQ116260)

O/VN/SL191/2009 (HM055507)

O/VN/SL192/2009 (HM055508)

O/VN/SL186/2009 (HM055505)

O/TAI/17/2009 (HQ116264)

O/TAI/16/2009 (HQ116263)

O/TAI/15/2009 (HQ116262)

O/MAY/22/2009

O/TAI/13/2009 (HQ116261)

O/VN/TQ160/2009 (HM055497)

O/MYA/7/98 (DQ164925)

Mya-98

O/TAI/189/87* (TRRL)

Cam-94

SEA

ME-SA

WA

EA-1

EA-4

EA-3

EA-2

ISA-2

EURO-SA

ISA-1

CATHAY

100

100

100

100

100

99

98

74

74

89

82

96

96

74

90

81

100

71

88

100

0.02

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

Vietnam WRLFMD/2015/00018

Date sequence received: 12/08/2015

No. of samples: 4

O (SEA/Mya-98): 1

A (ASIA/Sea-97): 3

A/Zabaikalsky/6/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/Zabaikalsky/1/RUS/2014* (ARRIAH)

A/Amur/4/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/Amur/2/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/GDMM-CHA-2013-S (KF450794)

A/KAZ/1/2013* (ARRIAH)

A/Zabaikalsky/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/Zabaikalsky/5/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/GZ-HX/CHA/2013 (KJ646647)

A/GZ-ZB/CHA/2013 (KJ646649)

A/GZ-JC/CHA/2013 (KJ646650)

A/GZ-WD/CHA/2013 (KJ646648)

A/GZ-XF/CHA/2013 (KJ646657)

A/GZ-BY/CHA/2013 (KJ646645)

A/GZ-YA/CHA/2013 (KJ646646)

A/GZ-GY/CHA/2013 (KJ646651)

A/KAZ/2/2013* (ARRIAH)

A/MOG/3/2013

A/MOG/5/2013

A/MOG/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/MOG/1/2013

A/MOG/2/2013

A/MOG/4/2013

A/Amur/RUS/2013* (ARRIAH)

A/Amur/3/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH)

A/KM/TAW/2015* (NVRI)

A/TAI/21/2014

A/TAI/17/2014

A/LAO/1/2015

A/TAI/3/2015

A/TAI/4/2015

A/TAI/5/2015

A/TAI/15/2012

A/VIT/25/2012

A/VIT/26/2012

A/MOG/11/2013

A/MOG/12/2013

A/MOG/13/2013

A/MAY/1/2012

A/TAI/1/2015

A/TAI/13/2012

A/TAI/16/2012

A/VIT/15/2012

A/VIT/16/2012

A/VIT/17/2012

A/VIT/18/2012

A/VIT/19/2012

A/VIT/20/2012 (KT223562)

A/TAI/9/2012

A/TAI/3/2012

A/TAI/4/2012

A/TAI 3/12* (TRRL)

A/MAY/5/2012

A/TAI 4/12* (TRRL)

A/TAI/1/2012

A/MAY/3/2012

A/TAI/2/2012

A/VN/T11D/2013* (APFQIA-ROK) (KJ608371)

A/TAI/6/2013

A/TAI/7/2003 (HQ116312)

A/TAI/8/2014

A/VIT/58/2013

A/TAI/1/2014

A/TAI/2/2014

A/TAI/14/2013

A/TAI/15/2013

A/TAI/12/2013

A/TAI/4/2014

A/TAI/16/2013

A/TAI/12/2014

A/TAI/14/2014

A/VIT/53/2013

A/VIT/2/2014

A/VIT/1/2015

A/VIT/6/2014

A/VIT/7/2014

A/VIT/59/2013

A/VIT/35/2013

A/VIT/54/2013

A/VIT/3/2014

A/VIT/3/2015

A/VIT/1/2014

A/VIT/19/2014

A/VIT/20/2014

A/VIT/42/2013

A/TAI/5/2014

A/VIT/8/2014

A/VIT/2/2015

A/VIT/56/2013

A/VIT/14/2014

A/VIT/15/2014

A/TAI/16/2014

A/TAI/18/2014

A/TAI/15/2014

A/TAI/7/2014

A/MAY/17/2013

A/MAY/21/2013

A/TAI/17/2013

A/TAI/20/2013

A/LAO/1/2014

A/LAO/2/2014

A/LAO/3/2014

A/TAI/6/2014

A/TAI/9/2014

A/VIT/62/2013

A/VIT/63/2013

Sea-97

Thai-87

Sea-97 A/TAI/2/97 (EF208778)

Iran-87

Iran-99

A22

A15

Iran-05

ASIA

EURO-SA

AFRICA

9999

82

75

96

70

71

96

98

70

72

84

99

99

98

84

99

73

83

99

99

95

94

87

99

84

78

0.02

O/MOG/3/2015

O/MOG/4/2015

O/MOG/2/2015

O/MOG/1/2015

O/MAY/2/2014

O/TAI/10/2014

O/TAI/7/2015

O/VIT/18/2014

O/VIT/13/2014

O/VIT/4/2015

O/MAY/9/2014

O/TAI/20/2014

O/TAI/11/2014

O/TAI/19/2014

O/TAI/6/2015

O/VIT/21/2014

O/VIT/26/2014

O/VIT/27/2014

O/TAI/13/2014

O/TAI/8/2015

O/TAI/14/2012

O/MAY/34/2012

O/TAI/18/2012

O/LAO/1/2013

O/LAO/2/2013

O/MAY/25/2012

O/MAY/1/2013

O/MOG/2/2010 (JQ070309)

O/MOG/CO3/2010* (JQ070325)

O/MAY/20/2009 (HQ116218)

O/MAY/21/2009 (HQ116219)

O/VN/HB166/2009 (HM055499)

O/VN/LC03/2010 (HQ260715)

O/LAO/1/2010

O/MAY/25/2009

O/MAY/26/2009

O/TAI/19/2009 (HQ116266)

O/VIT/2/2010 (JQ070322)

O/VN/SL01/2010 (HQ260713)

O/VN/SL02/2010 (HQ260714)

O/VN/PT170/2009 (HM055501)

O/TAI/12/2009 (HQ116260)

O/VN/SL191/2009 (HM055507)

O/VN/SL192/2009 (HM055508)

O/VN/SL186/2009 (HM055505)

O/TAI/17/2009 (HQ116264)

O/TAI/16/2009 (HQ116263)

O/TAI/15/2009 (HQ116262)

O/MAY/22/2009

O/TAI/13/2009 (HQ116261)

O/VN/TQ160/2009 (HM055497)

O/MYA/7/98 (DQ164925)

Mya-98

O/TAI/189/87* (TRRL)

Cam-94

SEA

ME-SA

WA

EA-1

EA-4

EA-3

EA-2

ISA-2

EURO-SA

ISA-1

CATHAY

100

100

100

100

100

99

98

74

74

89

82

96

96

74

90

81

100

71

88

100

0.02

Nam DinhNinh Bình

Thai Binh

Hai Phong

Hà Tinh

Nghe An

QuangTri

Thanh Hoa

Thua Thiên-Hue

Băc Kan

Cao Bang Hà Giang

Lang Son

Lao Cai

BN : Bac Ninh H : Ha Noi HNa : Ha Nam HTa : Hà TâyHY : Hung Yen

Yên Bái ĐienBiên

Hoa Binh

Lai Châu

Son La

Đak Lak

ĐakNông

Gia Lai

Kon Tum

Lâm Dong Ninh Thuan

Phú Yên

Quang Nam

QuangNgãi

Da Nang

Bà Ria–Vung Tàu

Binh Duong Bình Phuoc

Dong Nai

Tay Ninh

Ho Chi Minh

An Giang

Bac Liêu

Ben Tre

Cà Mau

Đong Tháp

Hau Giang

Kiên Giang

Long An

Sóc Trang

Tien Giang

Trà Vinh Vinh Long

Can Tho

H. BN.

HTa.

HNa.

HY.

Phú Tho

Bac Giang

Hai Duong

Thái Nguyên

Vinh Phúc

©d

-ma

ps.c

om

150 km

100 mi

O

A

4

1

2

3

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

5. Vaccine matching

Antigenic characterisation of FMD field isolates by vaccine matching by 2dm VNT from July to September 2015.

Table 1: Serotype O

Sample Vaccine Strain

Reference Topotype O 3039 O Manisa O/TUR/5/2

009

O IND R2/75 BVS1

O IND R2/75 BVS2

O/AFG/2/2014 ME-SA M M M

O/AFG/9/2014 ME-SA B B M

O/BAR/8/2015 ME-SA M N M n.d. n.d.

O/BAR/14/2015 ME-SA B N M n.d. n.d.

O/PAK/5/2015 ME-SA B N M n.d. n.d.

O/PAK/11/2015 ME-SA M B M n.d. n.d.

O/PAK/29/2014 ME-SA N N N n.d. n.d.

O/PAK/40/2014 ME-SA M B M n.d. n.d.

O/TAN/4/2014 EA-2 M N M n.d. n.d.

O/TAN/6/2014 EA-2 M N M n.d. n.d.

O/ETH/3/2015 EA-3 M N M

O/HKN/1/2015 CATHAY N N N N N

O/HKN/2/2015 CATHAY N N N N N

O/MOG/2/2015** SEA n.d. n.d. n.d. M M

O/SKR/14/2014** SEA n.d. n.d. n.d. N N

** Additional vaccine matching for these isolates can be found in previous quarter report

Table 2: Serotype A

Sample Vaccine strain

Reference Topotype A Iran 2005 A22 IRQ A/TUR/20/2006

A/PAK/12/2015 ASIA M M N

A/PAK/13/2015 ASIA M N N

A/PAK/16/2015 ASIA N M N

A/PAK/21/2015 ASIA N M B

Table 3: Serotype SAT 1

Sample Sample

Reference Topotype SAT105 RHO

SAT 1/TAN/13/2014 I (NWZ) M

SAT 1/TAN/22/2014 I (NWZ) M

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

Table 4: Serotype SAT 2

Sample Vaccine strain

Reference Topotype SAT 2 ERI SAT 2 ZIM

SAT 2/ETH/22/2014 VII M N

SAT 2/ETH/2/2015 VII M M

Abbreviations used in tables:

M

Vaccine Match- r1 = > 0.3. Suggests that there is a close relationship between field isolate and vaccine strain. A potent vaccine containing the vaccine strain is likely to confer protection.

N

No Vaccine Match - r1 = < 0.3. Suggests that the field isolate is so different from the vaccine strain that the vaccine is unlikely to protect

Borderline

Any r1 values between 0.28 to 0.32

NT

Not tested against this vaccine

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

6. Vaccine strain recommendations

RECOMMENDATIONS FROM WRLFMD® ON FMD VIRUS STRAINS TO BE INCLUDED IN FMDV ANTIGEN BANKS (FOR FMD-FREE COUNTRIES) – September 2015

Note: Virus strains are NOT listed in order of importance

High Priority

O Manisa O PanAsia-2 (or equivalent)

O BFS or Campos A24 Cruzeiro Asia 1 Shamir

A Iran-05 (or A TUR 06) A22 Iraq

SAT 2 Saudi Arabia (or equivalent i.e. SAT 2 Eritrea)

Medium Priority

A Eritrea SAT 2 Zimbabwe

SAT 1 South Africa A Malaysia 97 (or Thai equivalent such as A/Sakolnakorn/97)

A Argentina 2001 O Taiwan 97 (pig-adapted strain or Philippine equivalent)

Low Priority

A Iran ‘96 A Iran ‘99

A Iran 87 or A Saudi Arabia 23/86 (or equivalent) A15 Bangkok related strain A87 Argentina related strain

C Noville SAT 2 Kenya SAT 1 Kenya

SAT 3 Zimbabwe

NB: Discussions are currently underway to adopt a risk-based approach for different FMD viral lineages to identify priority vaccines for use in Europe and other FMD-free settings.

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

7. Recent FMD publications

Recent FMD Publications (July-September 2015) cited by Web of Science (Papers from The Pirbright Institute are highlighted in BOLD AND GREY)

1. Standard Methods and Procedures (SMPs) for control of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in the Greater Horn of Africa. Standard Methods and Procedures. 2014. vi + 29 pp.-vi + 29 pp.

2. (2015). 2001 FMD outbreak remembered. The Veterinary Record, 177(10): 247-247. 3. Aatka, J., Z. Rabaab, M. Abubakar, M.J. Arshed, K. Ehtisham-ul-Haq, A. Tasnim, and

M. Afzal (2015). Humoral immune response induced by various foot and mouth disease vaccines in buffalo calves. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 35(3): 289-292.

4. Abdul, S., K. Muhammad, N. Amar, E.-u.-H. Syed, H. Asghar, W. Usman, and S.A. Muhammad (2014). Comparative clinical efficacy of allopathic, homoeopathic and herbal treatments against foot and mouth disease in buffaloes. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 12(3): 155-159.

5. Ahmad, I., A.Z. Durrani, and M. Ijaz (2015). Participatory Disease Surveillance of Transboundary Animal Diseases in South Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 47(3): 857-860.

6. Aktas, M.S., Y. Ozkanlar, E. Oruc, I. Sozdutmaz, and A. Kirbas (2015). Myocarditis associated with foot-and-mouth disease in suckling calves. Veterinarski Arhiv, 85(3): 273-282.

7. Al-Rukibat, R.K., W. Hananeh, and H. Athamneh (2015). Comparative study of foot and mouth disease in apparently healthy Awassi sheep using different diagnostic tests in Jordan. Veterinary Science Development, 5(1): 28-31.

8. Alam, M.A., R. Marzia, M.L. Hossen, A. Sultan, M.S. Parvej, M.F.R. Khan, and M.B. Rahman (2015). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based detection and serotyping of FMD virus from field samples of Gazipur, Bangladesh, and adaptation of the virus in BHK-21 cell. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2(3): 291-295.

9. Ao, D., S. Sun, H. Dong, J. Xu, D. Sun, Y. Wei, H. Wang, H. Guo, and S. Cao (2014). Expression of nonstructural protein 2B gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Escherichia coli and analysis of its cytotoxicity. Chinese Veterinary Science, 44(2): 140-145.

10. Balakrishnan, G. (2015). Economic impact of foot and mouth disease and management of affected animals. North-East Veterinarian, 14(4): 21-22.

11. Barnett, P.V., D.W. Geale, G. Clarke, J. Davis, and T.R. Kasari (2015). A Review of OIE Country Status Recovery Using Vaccinate-to-Live Versus Vaccinate-to-Die Foot-and-Mouth Disease Response Policies I: Benefits of Higher Potency Vaccines and Associated NSP DIVA Test Systems in Post-Outbreak Surveillance. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 62(4): 367-87.

12. Basagoudanavar, S.H., M. Hosamani, R.P.T. Selvan, P. Saravanan, B.P. Sreenivasa, B.K.C. Sagar, and R. Venkataramanan (2015). Immunoreactivity and trypsin sensitivity of recombinant virus-like particles of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Acta Virologica, 59(1): 84-91.

13. Bhanot, V., R. Sharma, A. Sharma, and Kamaldeep (2015). Correlation analysis between milk and serum LPBE FMD virus type specific antibody titres in buffaloes vaccinated with polyvalent oil adjuvant FMD vaccine. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 49(4): 508-511.

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

14. Bhism, S., Yashpal, K. Sanjay, A.K. Dohare, and K. Ajay (2015). Foot and mouth disease and its effect on morbidity, mortality and milk yield in cattle of Chhattisgarh. Environment and Ecology, 33(3): 1055-1058.

15. Biswal, J.K., P. Bisht, S. Subramaniam, R. Ranjan, G.K. Sharma, and B. Pattnaik (2015). Engineering foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O IND R2/1975 for one-step purification by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Biologicals: Journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization, 43(5): 390-8.

16. Borrego, B., M. Rodriguez-Pulido, C. Revilla, B. Alvarez, F. Sobrino, J. Dominguez, and M. Saiz (2015). Synthetic RNAs Mimicking Structural Domains in the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Genome Elicit a Broad Innate Immune Response in Porcine Cells Triggered by RIG-I and TLR Activation. Viruses, 7(7): 3954-73.

17. Bravo De Rueda, C., A. Dekker, P.L. Eble, and M.C.M. De Jong (2015). Vaccination of cattle only is sufficient to stop FMDV transmission in mixed populations of sheep and cattle. Epidemiology and Infection, 143(11): 2279-86.

18. Cai, H., X. Feng, Y. Jin, J. Qin, S. Qi, Y. Liu, W. Yang, X. Zhang, Y. Shang, and J. Ma (2014). Analyses of the IL-12 level and T & B lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood from pigs showing a grey zone in antibody responses immunized with the inactivated FMD type O vaccine. Chinese Veterinary Science, 44(11): 1180-1184.

19. Chamberlain, K., V.L. Fowler, P.V. Barnett, S. Gold, J. Wadsworth, N.J. Knowles, and T. Jackson (2015). Identification of a novel cell culture adaptation site on the capsid of foot-and-mouth disease virus. The Journal of General Virology, 96(9): 2684-92.

20. Christensen, T. and S. Denver (2015). Cost Calculation of the veterinary preparedness for foot-and-mouth disease. Report - Institute of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, (238): 157 pp.-157 pp.

21. De Rueda, C.B., A. Dekker, P.L. Eble, and M.C.M. De Jong (2015). Vaccination of cattle only is sufficient to stop FMDV transmission in mixed populations of sheep and cattle. Epidemiology and Infection, 143(11): 2279-2286.

22. di Nardo, A., G. Libeau, B. Chardonnet, P. Chardonnet, R.A. Kock, K. Parekh, P. Hamblin, Y. Li, S. Parida, and K.J. Sumption (2015). Serological profile of foot-and-mouth disease in wildlife populations of West and Central Africa with special reference to Syncerus caffer subspecies. Veterinary Research, 46(77): (8 July 2015)-(8 July 2015).

23. Dykman, L.A., S.A. Staroverov, P.V. Mezhenny, A.S. Fomin, S.V. Kozlov, A.A. Volkov, V.N. Laskavy, and S.Y. Shchyogolev (2015). Use of a synthetic foot-and-mouth disease virus peptide conjugated to gold nanoparticles for enhancing immunological response. Gold Bulletin, 48(1-2): 93-101.

24. Ellerbroek, L., A. Heinrich, J. Zagon, D. Meermeier, T. Muther, H. Schafft, P. Zechel, and M. Jasper (2015). Processing and disposal of animal by-products and side-products at slaughter. Archiv fur Lebensmittelhygiene, 66(3): 74-78.

25. Engor, E., B. Gelman, E. Khinitch, M. Rubinstain, G. Shwartz, A. Haegeman, and Y. Stram (2015). Establishing a Specific qPCR Assay for Detecting Middle Eastern O Serotype Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV). Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 70(3): 21-25.

26. Fukai, K., K. Morioka, M. Yamada, T. Nishi, K. Yoshida, R. Kitano, R. Yamazoe, and T. Kanno (2015). Comparative performance of fetal goat tongue cell line ZZ-R 127 and fetal porcine kidney cell line LFBK-α(v)β(6) for Foot-and-mouth disease virus isolation. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 27(4): 516-521.

27. Geale, D.W., P.V. Barnett, G.W. Clarke, J. Davis, and T.R. Kasari (2015). A Review of OIE Country Status Recovery Using Vaccinate-to-Live Versus Vaccinate-to-Die Foot-and-Mouth Disease Response Policies II: Waiting Periods After Emergency

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

Vaccination in FMDFree Countries. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 62(4): 388-406.

28. Guo, H.-C., Y. Jin, S.-C. Han, S.-Q. Sun, Y.-Q. Wei, X.-J. Liu, X. Feng, D.X. Liu, and X.-T. Liu (2015). Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of BHK-21 Cells Infected with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype Asia 1. PloS one, 10(7): e0132384-e0132384.

29. Harada, Y., P. Lekcharoensuk, T. Furuta, and T. Taniguchi (2015). Inactivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus by Commercially Available Disinfectants and Cleaners. Biocontrol Science, 20(3): 205-208.

30. Hemanth, I., P. Amaravathi, N.S. Babu, A.A. Kumar, and N. Sailaja (2014). Malignant form of foot and mouth disease outbreak in sheep and goat with reference to cytological and histopathlogical findings. Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 38(2): 82-84.

31. Hibi, J., A. Kurosawa, T. Watanabe, H. Kadowaki, M. Watari, and K. Makita (2015). Post-traumatic stress disorder in participants of foot-and-mouth disease epidemic control in Miyazaki, Japan, in 2010. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science / The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science, 77(8): 953-9.

32. Hu, S., J. Qiao, Q. Fu, C. Chen, W. Ni, S. Wujiafu, S. Ma, H. Zhang, J. Sheng, P. Wang, D. Wang, J. Huang, L. Cao, and H. Ouyang (2015). Transgenic shRNA pigs reduce susceptibility to foot and mouth disease virus infection. eLife, 4.

33. Hwang, J.-H., T.D. Nguyen, D.T. Mai, S.-M. Kim, J.-H. Park, B. Kim, T.L. To, and K.-N. Lee (2015). Complete Genome Sequence of a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus of Serotype A Isolated from Vietnam in 2013. Genome Announcements, 3(4).

34. Hwang, J., N. Tho Dang, M. Duoung Thuy, S. Kim, J. Park, B. Kim, T. Thanh Long, and K. Lee (2015). Complete genome sequence of a foot-and-mouth disease virus of serotype a isolated from Vietnam in 2013. Genome Announcements, 3(4): e00948-15.

35. Hwang, K.-K. (2015). Investigation of national live stock breeding facilities workers in Korea. Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 39(2): 65-71.

36. Imtiaz, A., A.Z. Durrani, and I. Muhammad (2015). Participatory disease surveillance of transboundary animal diseases in south Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 47(3): 857-860.

37. Islam, M.N., A.K.M.A. Rahman, M.S. Nahar, A. Khair, and M.M. Alam (2015). Incidence of calf morbidity and mortality at CIG dairy farms of Muktagacha upazila in Mymensingh district. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 13(1): 37-43.

38. Jai, S., S.K. Balasundaram, S. Gaurav, and P. Brahmadev (2015). Serological status of foot and mouth disease in cattle and buffalo of Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 3(8): 461-465.

39. Jamal, S.M. and G.J. Belsham (2015). Development and Characterization of Probe-Based Real Time Quantitative RT-PCR Assays for Detection and Serotyping of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Viruses Circulating in West Eurasia. PloS one, 10(8): e0135559-e0135559.

40. Jamil, A., R. Zahra, M. Abubakar, M.J. Arshed, E.-u.-H. Khan, T. Akhter, and M. Afzal (2015). Humoral Immune Response Induced by Various Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccines in Buffalo Calves. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 35(3): 289-292.

41. Jemberu, W.T., M.C.M. Mourits, and H. Hogeveen (2015). Farmers' Intentions to Implement Foot and Mouth Disease Control Measures in Ethiopia. PloS One, 10(9): e0138363-e0138363.

42. Jeong, K.-W., J.-H. Lee, S.-M. Park, J.-H. Choi, D.-Y. Jeong, D.-H. Choi, Y. Nam, J.-H. Park, K.-N. Lee, S.-M. Kim, and J.-M. Ku (2015). Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 2-amino-4-arylthiazole as inhibitor of 3D polymerase against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 102: 387-97.

43. Jiang, S., X. Bai, P. Li, M. Zhang, H. Bao, P. Sun, Z. Lu, Y. Cao, Y. Chen, D. Li, Y. Fu, and Z. Liu (2015). Influence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus O/CHN/Mya98/33-

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

P Strain Leader Protein on Viral Replication and Host Innate Immunity. Viral Immunology, 28(7): 360-6.

44. Kasanga, C.J., J. Wadsworth, C.A.R. Mpelumbe-Ngeleja, R. Sallu, F. Kivaria, P.N. Wambura, M.G.S. Yongolo, M.M. Rweyemamu, N.J. Knowles, and D.P. King (2015). Molecular Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses Collected in Tanzania Between 1967 and 2009. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 62(5): e19-29.

45. Kim, S.-M., J.-H. Park, K.-N. Lee, S.-K. Kim, S.-H. You, T. Kim, D. Tark, H.-S. Lee, M.-G. Seo, and B. Kim (2015). Robust Protection against Highly Virulent Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Swine by Combination Treatment with Recombinant Adenoviruses Expressing Porcine α and γ Interferons and Multiple Small Interfering RNAs. Journal of virology, 89(16): 8267-79.

46. Li, D., X. Liu, Y. Fang, L. Pan, LuJianLiang, Z. Zhang, P. Zhou, S. Jiang, Y. Zhang, and Y. Wang (2014). Construction and expression of baculovirus expression vector for multi-epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus type A. Chinese Veterinary Science, 44(9): 881-886.

47. Li, Y., R. Mao, F. Yang, W. Cao, H. Zheng, and M. Zhang (2014). Apoptosis induced by VP1 protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus in primary bovine thyroid cells. Chinese Veterinary Science, 44(8): 838-845.

48. Lian, K., F. Yang, Z. Zhu, W. Cao, Y. Jin, D. Li, K. Zhang, J. Guo, H. Zheng, and X. Liu (2015). Recovery of infectious type Asia1 foot-and-mouth disease virus from suckling mice directly inoculated with an RNA polymerase I/II-driven unidirectional transcription plasmid. Virus research, 208: 73-81.

49. Lis, H. and K. Gorski (2014). The worldwide epizootic situation in 2005-2013 and at the beginning of 2014. Zycie Weterynaryjne, 89(11): 971-972.

50. LuLu, F. Yang, J. He, Y. Jin, J. Guo, H. Zheng, and X. Liu (2014). Comparison of the full-length genomes of Mya98 lineage of type O foot-and-mouth disease viruses isolated from pigs and cattle. Chinese Veterinary Science, 44(2): 111-118.

51. Lyons, N.A., N. Alexander, K.D.C. Staerk, T.D. Dulu, K.J. Sumption, A.D. James, J. Rushton, and P.E.M. Fine (2015). Impact of foot-and-mouth disease on milk production on a large-scale dairy farm in Kenya. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 120(2): 177-186.

52. Marquez Diaz, C.L. and J.F. Castro M (2015). Use of Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, and Benefit-Cost Ratio in financial evaluation of a vaccination program against foot and mouth disease in Venezuela. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 56(1): 58-61.

53. McFadden, A.M.J., P. Tsedenkhuu, B. Bold, B. Purevsuren, D. Bold, and R. Morris (2015). Epidemiology of the 2010 Outbreak of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Mongolia. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 62(5): e45-51.

54. Morioka, K., K. Fukai, K. Yoshida, R. Kitano, R. Yamazoe, M. Yamada, T. Nishi, and T. Kanno (2015). Development and Evaluation of a Rapid Antigen Detection and Serotyping Lateral Flow Antigen Detection System for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. PloS one, 10(8): e0134931-e0134931.

55. Motamedi-Sedeh, F., H. Soleimanjahi, A.R. Jalilian, H. Mahravani, K. Shafaee, M. Sotoodeh, H. Taherkarami, and F. Jairani (2015). Development of Protective Immunity against Inactivated Iranian Isolate of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Type O/IRN/2007 Using Gamma Ray-Irradiated Vaccine on BALB/c Mice and Guinea Pigs. Intervirology, 58(3): 190-196.

56. Mudasser, H., M.S. Shah, H.M. Muzammil, M. Sohail, R.S.A. Khan, M. Rashid, Z.I. Rajput, and F. Umer (2014). Investigations of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Faisalabad district of Punjab, Pakistan during the year 2013. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 12(3): 165-169.

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

57. Muhammad, A., R. Amar, H. Sarfraz, and H. Shamsheer ul (2015). Factors affecting the economic losses due to livestock diseases: a case study of district Faisalabad. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52(2): 515-520.

58. Nagendrakumar, S.B., N.T.T. Hong, F.T. Geoffrey, M.M. Jacqueline, D. Andrew, G. Michelle, K. Van Phuc, Q.V. Ngon, L.T.T. Phuong, N.N.H. Phuc, T.X. Hanh, V. Van Hung, L.T. Quynhanh, T.M. Tan, N.T. Long, and V. Wilna (2015). A Malaysia 97 monovalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine (>6PD50/dose) protects pigs against challenge with a variant FMDV A SEA-97 lineage virus, 4 and 7 days post vaccination. Vaccine, 33(36): 4513-9.

59. Namatovu, A., G.J. Belsham, C. Ayebazibwe, M.T. Dhikusooka, S.N. Wekesa, H.R. Siegismund, V.B. Muwanika, and K. Tjornehoj (2015). Challenges for Serology-Based Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Endemic Areas; Identification of Two Separate Lineages of Serotype O FMDV in Uganda in 2011. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 62(5): 522-34.

60. Nampanya, S., S. Khounsy, A. Phonvisay, J.R. Young, R.D. Bush, and P.A. Windsor (2015). Financial Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease on Large Ruminant Smallholder Farmers in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 62(5): 555-64.

61. Nath, R., R.L. Prasad, and S. Sarma (2014). Oxidative stress biomarkers in cross bred cows affected with foot and mouth disease. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 48(6): 628-632.

62. Pacheco, J.M., G.R. Smoliga, V. O'Donnell, B.P. Brito, C. Stenfeldt, L.L. Rodriguez, and J. Arzt (2015). Persistent Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection in the Nasopharynx of Cattle; Tissue-Specific Distribution and Local Cytokine Expression. Plos One, 10(5).

63. Parthiban, A.B.R., M. Mahapatra, S. Gubbins, and S. Parida (2015). Virus Excretion from Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus Carrier Cattle and Their Potential Role in Causing New Outbreaks. PloS one, 10(6): e0128815-e0128815.

64. Parthiban, A.R., M. Mahapatra, and S. Parida (2015). Complete Genome Sequences of Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses Recovered from Experimental Persistently Infected Cattle. Genome Announcements, 3(4).

65. Pega, J., S. Di Giacomo, D. Bucafusco, J.M. Schammas, D. Malacari, F. Barrionuevo, A.V. Capozzo, L.L. Rodriguez, M.V. Borca, and M. Perez-Filgueira (2015). Systemic Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccination in Cattle Promotes Specific Antibody-Secreting Cells at the Respiratory Tract and Triggers Local Anamnestic Responses upon Aerosol Infection. Journal of Virology, 89(18): 9581-90.

66. Pendell, D.L., T.L. Marsh, K.H. Coble, J.L. Lusk, and S.C. Szmania (2015). Economic Assessment of FMDv Releases from the National Bio and Agro Defense Facility. PloS one, 10(6): e0129134-e0129134.

67. Pomeroy, L.W., O.N. Bjornstad, H. Kim, S.D. Jumbo, S. Abdoulkadiri, and R. Garabed (2015). Serotype-Specific Transmission and Waning Immunity of Endemic Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Cameroon. PloS one, 10(9): e0136642-e0136642.

68. Ramirez-Carvajal, L. and L.L. Rodriguez (2015). Foot and mouth disease: virus-resistant pigs might help to stem next outbreak. eLife, (9790): e09790-e09790.

69. Ramirez-Carvajal, L. and L.L. Rodriguez (2015). Virus-resistant pigs might help to stem next outbreak. eLife, 4.

70. Rani, S., D. Rajib, S. Umesh, T.V. Raja, A. Rani, K. Sushil, C. Soumendu, R.R. Alyethodi, S. Sheetal, and S. Gyanendra (2015). Heterozygosity at the SNP (rs136500299) of ITGB6 receptor gene possibly influences the susceptibility among crossbred bull to foot and mouth disease infection. VirusDisease, 26(1/2): 48-54.

71. Rashmi, S., A.P. Singh, S. Uttam, and S.K. Yadav (2015). Investigation of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Uttar Pradesh. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 85(8): 861-864.

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

72. Ren, X., X. Dou, J. Wei, S. Miao, D. Ran, and W. Ma (2014). Secretive expression of epitope-chimeria of foot-and-mouth disease virus by Bacillus subtilis. Chinese Veterinary Science, 44(3): 287-292.

73. Rincon, V., A. Rodriguez-Huete, and M.G. Mateu (2015). Different functional sensitivity to mutation at intersubunit interfaces involved in consecutive stages of foot-and-mouth disease virus assembly. The Journal of General Virology, 96(9): 2595-606.

74. Rueda, C.B.d., Foot-and-mouth disease virus: the role of infection routes and species differences in the transmission of FMDV. Foot-and-mouth disease virus: the role of infection routes and species differences in the transmission of FMDV. 2015. 137 pp.-137 pp.

75. Saeed, A., S. Kanwal, M. Arshad, M. Ali, R.S. Shaikh, and M. Abubakar (2015). Foot-and-mouth disease: overview of motives of disease spread and efficacy of available vaccines. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 57: 10-10.

76. Saleh, W.M.M., F.A. Abdulla, and W.A. Gharbi (2015). Detection of foot and mouth disease-virus infection associated antibodies in sheep sera in Basra by AGID test. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research, 14(1): 26-36.

77. Saurabh, U., B. Singh, J.K. Chaudhary, S. Bassan, K. Suneel, and G. Neha (2015). Analysis of morbidity and mortality rate in bovine under village conditions of Uttar Pradesh. The Bioscan, 10(2): 585-591.

78. Shabbir, M.Z. and M. Munir (2015). Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of a Vaccine Strain of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O from Pakistan. Genome announcements, 3(5).

79. Sharma, G.K., S. Mahajan, R. Matura, S. Subramaniam, R. Ranjan, J. Biswal, M. Rout, J.K. Mohapatra, B.B. Dash, A. Sanyal, and B. Pattnaik (2015). Diagnostic assays developed for the control of foot-and-mouth disease in India. World Journal of Virology, 4(3): 295-302.

80. Shibata, M. and T. Horikita (2015). The cases of miscommunication in teams for foot and mouth disease control, and the effect of the workshop "Yagura-tsuru (the crane on the tower)". Journal of Veterinary Epidemiology, 19(1): 42-43.

81. Shruti, R., M.K. Pandey, P. Jai, S. Alok, and G.N. Singh (2015). Veterinary herbal medicines in India. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 9(18): 155-163.

82. Sikombe, T.K.W., A.S. Mweene, J. Muma, C. Kasanga, Y. Sinkala, F. Banda, M. Mulumba, E.M. Fana, C. Mundia, and M. Simuunza (2015). Serological Survey of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) in Zambia. Veterinary Medicine International, 2015: 264528-264528.

83. Singh, R., A.P. Singh, U. Singh, and S.K. Yadav (2015). Investigation of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Uttar Pradesh. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 85(8): 45-48.

84. Subramaniam, S., P. Bisht, J. Mohapatra, A. Sanyal, and B. Pattnaik (2015). A new lineage of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O in India. Veterinaria Italiana, 51(2): 145-9.

85. Suleiman, A., E.L. Jackson, and J. Rushton (2015). Challenges of pastoral cattle production in a sub-humid zone of Nigeria. Tropical animal health and production, 47(6): 1177-85.

86. Tong, Y., H. Chen, L. Pan, Y. Zhang, and Y. Wang (2014). In vitro rescue and sequence analysis of an infectious full-length cDNA clone of foot-and-mouth disease virus Asia 1/JSWX strain. Chinese Veterinary Science, 44(8): 771-780.

87. Ularamu, H.G., Y.S. Wungak, D.D. Lazarus, T.Y. Woma, D.O. Ehizibolo, B.B. Dogonyaro, D.G. Bwala, A.H. Bakari, D. Agom, M.A. Onoja, J.O. Ibu, and D. Shamaki (2015). Serological evidence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Nigeria. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 7(7): 261-264.

Copies of all the individual reports cited herein can be obtained from The Pirbright Institute and prior to presentation, publication or any other public use of these data, please contact Dr Donald King, The Pirbright Institute, donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

88. Vosloo, W., J. Morris, A. Davis, M. Giles, J. Wang, H.T.T. Nguyen, P.V. Kim, N.V. Quach, P.T.T. Le, P.H.N. Nguyen, H. Dang, H.X. Tran, P.P. Vu, V.V. Hung, Q.T. Le, T.M. Tran, T.M.T. Mai, Q.T.V. Le, and N.B. Singanallur (2015). Collection of Oral Fluids Using Cotton Ropes as a Sampling Method to Detect Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection in Pigs. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 62(5): e71-5.

89. Wan, X., X. Yang, S. Zhan, J. Chen, W. Sun, Y. Chen, K. Zeng, J. Li, Y. Gu, Z. Wang, R. Liu, X. Lu, and R. Gao. Cloning of interleukin-15 gene of Tibetan pig and adjuvant effect of its recombinant plasmids packed with PEG and PEI modified chitosan nanoparticles on immunity of mice to FMD vaccination, in Procedia of the 8th

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(2014). Effects of different immunization times on FMDV antibodies from pigs in intensive pig farms. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 45(3): 494-497.

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