A WRITTEN REPORT PASSED BY:MACARANAS, ISAAC DOMINICRIVERA, ROSELLE COLEENRIVERA, JOSUA HECTOR MENDOZA, JOHN EVRONMANAYAN, RON ADRIANREMPILLO, JOSE MARICASTILLO, TERENCE(BSA 2-7)TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3EOLOIC TIME SCALE----------------------------------------------------------------------------- !Hadean EonArchean EonProterozoic EonPhanerozoic EonPaleozoic EraMesozoic EraCenozoic EraLAYERS OF THE EARTH"S -------------------------------------------------------------------------- #$CrustMantleOuter CoreInner CoreATMOSPHERE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #2TroposphereStratosphereMesosphereThermosphereExosphereINTERESTIN FACTS ABOUT THE EARTH---------------------------------------------------- #!NATURAL DISASTERS--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #7EarthquakesTsunamisHurricanesI%&'()*+&,'% B! "i#era$ %osua Hector2 | P a g eEarth is the third planet from the Sun. It is the densest and fifth-largest oftheeight planetsinthe SolarSystem. It isalsothelargest of theSolarSystem's four terrestrial planets. It is sometimes referred to as the world orthe Blue Planet. Earth formed approximately 4.54billion years ago and life appeared on its surfa!e within its first billion years. Earth's biosphere then signifi!antly altered the atmospheri!and other basi! physi!al !onditions whi!h enabled the proliferation of organisms as well as the formation of the o"one layer whi!h together with Earth's magneti! field blo!#ed harmful solar radiation and permitted formerly o!ean-!onfined life to mo$ePhoto of the Earth from the moon, safely to land. %he physi!al %his supports why the planet is !alled the properties of the Earth as well as its Blue planetgeologi!al history and orbit ha$e allowed life to persist.Earth is a terrestrial planet meaning that it is a ro!#y body rather than a gas giant li#e &upiter. It is the largest of the four terrestrial planets in si"e and mass. 'f these four planets Earth also has the highest density the highest surfa!e gra$ity the strongest magneti! field and fastest rotation and is probably the only one with a!ti$e plate te!toni!s%he earth is !ontinuously mo$ing. It has three motions( )* spins +*tra$els around the sun and ,*mo$es through the -il#y .ay. .e use the spinning 3 | P a g eand tra$eling to measure our days and years. %he earth spins around it's axis. %his spin ma#es it seem that the sun is mo$ing from east to west. 'neday is the time it ta#es for the earth to spin on!e. It ta#es +, hours 5/ minutes and 4.01) se!onds for the earth to do this. %his length of time is !alled a sidereal day. %he earth tra$els around the sun in ,/5 days / hours 1 minutes and 1.54 se!onds. %his is !alled a sidereal year. %he earth tra$els 515 million miles around the sun at a speed of ///00 miles per hour. %he path the earth ta#es to mo$e around the sun is !alled an orbit. %he -il#y .ay spins as well. It re$ol$es around the !enter of the 2alaxy at)55 miles per se!ond3 %he earth only has one moon. Its diameter is +)/0 miles. %he earth has a 4orth and South Pole. 5alfway between these poles is thee6uator. %he earth is not perfe!tly spheri!al. It is slightly flatter at the poles.4 | P a g eT-. .'/'0,+ T,1. S+2/.B! Manaan$ "on Adrian & Macaranas$ Isaac 'ominicThe earth is said to (e )*+ (illion ears old* ,rom its ori-in to the present$ as in.erred .rom the rocks record$ (oth on earth and the moon$ and -eochemical makeup o. those t/o (odies*,our le#els o. hierarch o. time inter#als0Eons! ,irst and lon-est di#ision o. -eolo-ic time scal0Eras!1nd di#ision$ each era has 1 periods0Periods! 2rd di#ision0Epochs! )th di#ision5 | P a g ePRE-ARCHEAN EON (or HADEAN EON) - 4./ to ,.7 Billion years84./ B9: -- ;ormation of Earth and -oon hidden> portion of geologi! time as there is little e$iden!e of thistime remaining in Earth's ro!#s.ARCHEAN EON - ,.7 to +.5 Billion years%he eon of first life8,.7 B9: -- 'ldest #nown ro!#s8,.5 B9: -- 'ldest #nown fossils ( first abundant forests on land -ississippian Period - ,/0 to ,+0 -illion years

:bundant amphibians and the appearan!e of the first reptiles Pennsyl$anian Period - ,+0 to +7/ -illion years,05 -9: -- %he first mammal-li#e reptiles Permian Period - +7/ to +45 -illion yearsDeptiles spread and di$ersify( e$aporate deposits( gla!iation in the Southern 5emisphere*MESOZOIC ERA - +45 -illion to /5 -illion years%he era of reptiles( some times !alled the >age of the dinosaurs> %riassi! Period - +45 to +07 -illion years;irst appearan!e of dinosaurs in the fossil re!ord &urassi! Period - +07 to )45 -illion years;irst appearan!e of mammals mesopause>.$ The Ther%os!here an& Ionos!here%he thermosphere lies abo$e the mesopause and is a region in whi!h temperatures again in!rease with height. %his temperature in!rease is !aused by the absorption of energeti! ultra$iolet and J-Day radiation from the sun.%he region of the atmosphere abo$e about 70 #m is also !alled the >ionosphere> sin!e the energeti! solar radiation #no!#s ele!trons off mole!ules and atoms turning them into >ions> with a positi$e !harge. %he temperature of the thermosphere $aries between night and day and between the seasons as do the numbers of ions and ele!trons whi!h are present. %he ionosphere refle!ts and absorbs radio wa$es allowing us to re!ei$e shortwa$e radio broad!asts in 4ew Kealand from other parts of the world.' The E(os!here%he region abo$e about 500 #m is !alled the exosphere. It !ontains mainly oxygen and hydrogen atoms but there are so few of them that they rarely !ollide - they follow >ballisti!> tra@e!tories under the influen!e of gra$ity and some of them es!ape right out into spa!e.14 | P a g eI%&.(.4&,%0 F2+&4 27'*& &-. E2(&-B! Mendoza$ %ohn E#ron1 The Earth- )hat*s +n a Na%e,-er!ury Ienus Saturn 4eptune. 4oti!e how all planets of the -il#y .ay are named after 2ods and 2oddesses of 2ree# and Doman -ythologyL%he word Earth has 'ld Saxon and 2ermani! origins. It features an Indo-European base MerN whi!h in turn resulted in the natural formation of the words ertho and erde in 2ermani! aarde in But!h and earth in English.4obody really #nows as to who !ame up with the name Earth as most an!ient !i$ili"ations ultimately refer to the land and soil as Earth the planet where all humans li$e in. %his is one of the many Earth fa!ts whi!h will remain hidden or unanswered for now.' The+a- The T.+n'ne of the most interesting fa!ts about Earth is that it used to ha$e a twin planet named %heia. Some 4.5 billion years ago a planetary body whi!h was postulated to be large as the planet -ars shared the same orbit with Earth.: !ollision between Earth and %heia transpired soon after whi!h resulted inthe formation of the -oon.15 | P a g e1/ S!ee&s o0 Earth%he EarthOs surfa!e rotates on its axis at )000 miles per hour. Aonse6uently the planet tra$els through spa!e at //?00 miles per hour. But how !ome we do not feel that our planet is mo$ing at a di""ying rateL%his is due to the fa!t that the Earth is rotating at a !onstant speed and is partly due to the gra$itational pull of Earth.1 Earth- e2er-%o2+n3Global plate motion A supercontinent will be formed +5 million years from now. %his is due to the !onstant mo$ement of the te!toni! plates. %he rate of mo$ement differs from one !ontinent to another. In the Pa!ifi! the plates mo$e faster at 4!m per year while the rate of mo$ement in the 4orth :tlanti! is at )!m annually.14 The S!ee& o0 L+3ht16 | P a g eSunset light 8 minutes ! seconds a"ay It ta#es exa!tly about 7 minutes and +0 se!onds for sunlight to rea!h the earth. %his means that the heat and light that we see and feel on a warm sunny day is energy emitted by the sun from 7 minutes past.N2&*(2/ DI4242&.(4B! "i#era$ "oselle Coleen1 Earth5ua6es%e!hni!ally an earth6ua#e is a $ibration that tra$els through the Earth's !rust. Eua#es !an be !aused by a $ariety of things in!luding meteor impa!ts and$ol!ani! eruptions and e$en sometimes man-made e$ents li#emine !ollapses and underground nu!lear tests But most naturally o!!urring earth6ua#es are !aused by mo$ement of pie!es of the Earth's surfa!e whi!h are !alled te!toni! plates17 | P a g ePerhaps the most lethal 6ua#e in history had a magnitude of 7.0 and stru!# Ahina's Shanxi Pro$in!e in )55/. :!!ording to histori!al a!!ounts !ity walls temples go$ernment buildings and houses all !rumbled and more than 7,0000 people were #illed. : s!holar named Ein Peda who sur$i$ed the 6ua#e later pro$ided what may ha$e been the first earth6ua#e preparedness ad$i!e in historyQ >:t the $ery beginning of the earth6ua#e people indoors should not go out immediately> he re!ommended. >&ust !rou!h down and waitfor !han!es. E$en if the nest is !ollapsed some eggs in it may still be #ept inta!t>" Tsuna%+: tsunami