WRITING IS LIKE BAKING A CAKEYOU JUST NEED TO FOLLOW THE
RECIPE! BASIC SENTENCE RECIPE: Combine one subject with one
predicate to yield one complete sentence subject + predicate =
sentence
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SIMPLE SUBJECTS AND SIMPLE PREDICATES subject = noun (person,
place or thing) doing the action predicate = verb (action) or verb
phrase; main action of the subject EXAMPLES: The children carved
the pumpkins. The children are carving the pumpkins this
afternoon.
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COMPOUND SUBJECTS AND COMPOUND PREDICATES A sentence can have
more than one subject that uses the same verb or more than one verb
when there are two subjects joined by and, or or nor, they are
called compound subjects when there are two or more verbs joined by
and, or or nor, they are called compound predicates EXAMPLE: Mario
and Luigi cannot speak or read Italian.
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PRACTICE Write the following sentences. Underline the subject
once and the highlight the predicate in each sentence. 1.Larry ate
the sushi. 2.The paper route was taking too long. 3.Bobby and Devon
sat in their chairs. 4.Campbell fished and hunted in the Cascade
Mountains. 5.They were running to catch the bus. 6.In the haunted
house went the children. 7.The building and the house caught on
fire.
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OBJECTS The direct object in a sentence is the part of the
predicate that is receiving the action of the verb or shows the
result of the action Nina brought a present to the birthday party.
Some sentences have an indirect object which tells to whom/what is
receiving the direct object. Most common type of indirect object is
an object of a prepositionphrases beginning with words such as, to,
with, of, by, from, between, among Nina brought a present to the
birthday party.
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CLAUSES Together, the subject and predicate make up a clause If
the clause expresses a complete thought, it is an independent
clause The team won the game. If the clause does not express a
complete thought, it is a dependent clause Though I was tired
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SENTENCE FRAGMENTS Sentence fragments do not make complete
sentences by themselves. Often they occur as a result of faulty
punctuation. If you put a period in the wrong place, before a
complete thought is expressed, you will create a fragment. If you
omit a subject or predicate, you will also create a sentence
fragment. EXAMPLES I thought I saw. The new student taking the bus.
I thought I saw the new student taking the bus. The Little Mermaid.
A great movie. The Little Mermaid is a great movie.
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PRACTICE Proofread and revise the following sentence fragments:
1.Ran for student body president. 2.Chose the new soccer team
captains, Michael and Alex. 3.Sent me an email with a virus. 4.The
cat while she ate. 5.After the accident happened in front of the
school. 6.Rarely gets up before noon on Saturdays. 7.Put too much
syrup on his pancakes. 8.Luis to Puerto Rico rather
frequently.
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FRAGMENTS CONTD. Sentence fragments also occur when a
conjunction like after, although, as, as much as, because, before,
how, if, in order that, in as much as, since, than, though, that,
unless, until, when, where, while precedes an independent clause.
FRAGMENT: Until the players began stretching.
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PRACTICE Proofread and revise the following sentences and then
add the proper punctuation: 1.Because the announcer spoke quickly.
We didnt understand. 2.The two point conversion. Made football
games more exciting. 3.Sewing my Halloween costume. I stuck my
finger with the needle. 4.Unless you know how to drive a manual
transmission car. Buy an automatic. 5.After the concert was over. I
bought a t-shirt for the band. 6.After we saw the movie. We went to
the caf and discussed it. 7.Since we had eaten a big breakfast. We
just snacked for the rest of the day. 8.Because the workers had no
contract. They discussed going on strike.
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RUN-ON SENTENCES Run-on sentences are two or more independent
clauses written as though they are one sentence. The main cause of
run-on sentences, like fragments, is incorrect punctuation.
EXAMPLE: Julie studies hard she is trying to win a
scholarship.
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FIXING RUN-ONS 1.You can use a semi-colon (;) Julie studies
hard; she is trying to win a scholarship. 2.You can use a comma
with a conjunction. Gillian lived in Portland, and she lived in New
York. Julie studies hard, because she is trying to win a
scholarship.
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PRACTICE Add end marks, commas, or semi-colons to fix the
following sentences: 1.Will you come to the party we think youll
have fun. 2.I sent her flowers. Hoping she would forgive me. 3.I
found it therefore I get to keep it. 4.The flag has thirteen
stripes. As most U.S. citizens know. 5.The dance team also travels
to southern states. Such as Texas and Louisiana. 6.Mrs. Rammos
introduced me to the new principal. A neighbor of mine. 7.Neil
locked the gate then we left the ranch. 8.We spent a year traveling
in Asia, consequently, we speak Chinese.
