Writing Notes

7/21/2019 Writing Notes

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Writing 340 08/26/2015

I. Genre

• Category (Ex. Movies (action co!e"y ro!ance#/ !$sic/

entertain!ent# can %e "e&ine" %y tone.

• Co!!on res'onses to ty'i&ie" socia/r)etorica sit$ations.

o *)etoric+ 'ers$asive $se o& ang$age (,)en t)ere is

co!!$nication t)ere is a goa- yo$ $se r)etoric to ac)ievet)at goa#

o *)etorica sit$ation+ a sit$ation ,)ere yo$ nee" to $se

'ers$asive ang$age to ac)ieve yo$r goa.

o y'i&ie"+ ty'ica- so!et)ing t)at is si!iar over an" over

again

*evie,

Purpose/goal+ reco!!en"ation/antireco!!en"ation

Target audience+ 'ossi%e cons$!ers

Form+ sa!'es (,rong &or! starts co!'ro!ising ,it) et)os#

Argument+ everyt)ing is an arg$!ent %eca$se it a )as a goa.

Genre naysis

isco$rse co!!$nity (act as i&#

)are" goas/va$es s)are" interests

Ex. 'orts tea!- ex. aset%a c$t

Maor !ore acrony!s as yo$ go )ig)er in ex'erience.

e&e&&icacy+ %eing a%e to a"vocate yo$rse&. eing a%e to no, ,)at

yo$ "ont no, an" &ig$ring t)ings o$t.

Me"ica 7ro&ession

eat$res 9a$es/eie&s 7$r'ose/&$nction E&&ects

%%reviation

7rono$ns vs.

'ro'er no$nsMeta')ors

(%ase%a#

:$!or

e&&iciancy

'rivacy

res'ecte!otiona

)o'e

co"e (creating a

co"e ony !e"ica

'ro&essionas$n"erstan" an"

exc$"e t)ose not

'art o& it#stay "etac)e"ig)t

)earte"ness

"isco!&ort/s)oc

inc$sion/exc$sion

sense o& ca!ara"erie



I. Coect a!'es

a. Coect severa sa!'es

o 3 &or onger genres

o 5 to 10 &or s)orter ones

II. escri%e *)etorica it$ation o& t)e Genre

a. etting%. $%ect

c. 7artici'ants". 7$r'oses

III. I"enti&y t)e 'atterns

a. Content%. *)etorica a''eas

o Et)os ;ogos 7at)os

c. tr$ct$re

". or!ate. y'es o& entences&. iction

I9. nay<e t)e !eaning o& t)e 'atterns

a. W)at "o 'artici'ants )ave t)e no, %eieve or $n"erstan" toa''reciate t)e genre=

%. Exc$sion Inc$sion o& 'artici'ants

c. 9a$es %eie&s goas an" ass$!'tions". $%ect treat!ent- ,)ic) content is i!'ortant or is ignore"=

e. W)at actions "oes t)e genre ac)ieve=

&. I!'ie" rea"ers reaction to t)e genre= *)etorica sit$ation W)at is t)e iss$e/circ$!stance/'ro%e! t)at is

%eing res'on"e" to- ,)at context is %ringing a nee" &or res'onse



• ;o%ster estiva+ s)o$" o%sters %e ie"/eaten in t)e ,ay t)ey

are=

$"ience target a$"ience- ,)o is t)is %eing ,ritten to-

• Ex. >We? >@$r?

7$r'ose W)at is t)e ,riter )o'ing to ac)ieve= W)at action "oes t)e

,riter ,is) t)e rea"er to tae= W)at is t)e goa o& t)is ,riting=

Cai! arg$!ent

Cai!s (arg$!ent#

• aance %et,een 'eci&ic an" genera

• Carity

• tance

• rg$a%e

• M$ti'e 'ers'ectives

• Concrete evi"ence

• Ex'erts (et)os an" ogos#

• e concise ("ont !ae it too ,or"y#- &e, sentences at !ost

• tae

• W)at/W)y/:o,

taes stance arg$a%e %revity carity concision %aance %et,een

s'eci&ic an" genera !$ti'e 'ers'ectives (co$nter# context sco'e.I. ""ressing t)e Iss$e

• co'e

o )ining reay %asicayA"i" yo$ a""ress ,)at yo$ ,ere

ase" to "o= ("i" yo$ ,rite a c$t$ra co!!entary o' e"Betc#

o o yo$ )ave a goo" %aance %et,een genera an" "etais-

!anagea%e &or s'ace an" ti!e.



II. Cogency o& arg$!ent

• trengt) o& arg$!ent

o :o, so$n" is yo$r arg$!ent=

o oes it )ave ogic=

o re t)ere ogica &aacies=

o re t)ere !$ti'e as'ects=

o Is t)e arg$!ent 'resente" in an $n%iase" ,ay=

o Is t)ere evi"ence=

III. $''ort/Evi"ence

• ;egiti!acy o& arg$!ent- can yo$ s$''ort yo$r arg$!ent=

• :o, !$st "o yo$ tr$st t)e egiti!acy o& t)e arg$!ent=

• re t)e so$rces cre"i%e=

I9. @rgani<ation

• W)y are yo$ ,riting a ne, 'aragra')

• entence organi<ations

9. tye

• one

• iction

• Wor" $sage (voca%$ary#- argon

9I. Gra!!ar Mec)anics

• 'eing

• 7$nct$ation

• yntactica iss$es

o 9er% tenses

o 7rono$ns



:o, "o yo$ get an =

C)aenge yo$rse&DD

it$ation+ 163 ,o!ens roe 'ost ,or" ,ar ii

$"ience+ Wo!en- &e!inists- anti&e!inists 7$r'ose+ o ay o$t ,eanesses in t)e %oo t)at contra"icts ,it) )er

'ast vie,s (F$estions )er cre"i%iity as an ex'ert &or &e!inis!#

&ais to recogni<e ot)er &e!ae 'o'$ations %esi"es t)e ,)ite !i""e

cass

Cai!+ )e %oo got too !$c) cre"it an" it s$ggests ,rong i"eas t)at

"o not sove t)e 'ro%e! an" instea" %rings $' !ore F$estions a%o$t a,o!ans roe in societyB=

Conversation+

ocioecono!ic cassIntention vs inter'retation

>$'taen? ,)at i& t)e a$"ience taes t)e ,rong !essage

!ost &a!iiar exa!'e

)istory o& t)is tren"

stat$s F$o &reF$ency o& tren"

staes (,)y s)o$" ,e care= W)y "oes it !atter=#

Ho$ )ave t,o !ain c)oices &or )o, to $se F$otations+ to 'rovi"e

text$a "etai an" to o&&er anaysis.

E&&ective 'a'ers $se a co!%ination o& %ot) o& t)ese strategies- t)ey

are %ase" in anaysis o& F$otations %$t F$ote to o&&er "etais &or >text$re?,)ere a''ro'riate.

$otations &or ext$a etai

Jsing F$otations to 'rovi"e text$a "etais ao,s yo$ to 'ara')rase

,it)o$t getting too &ar a,ay &or text itse&.

• 7rag!aticay text$a "etais ,i con&ir! yo$r rea"er t)at yo$ "i"

in"ee" rea" t)e sa!e ,or o& iterat$re evne t)o$g) yo$ !ay

co!e $' ,it) so!et)ing yo$r rea"er never ever ,o$" )ave

t)o$g)t o&. Ho$ con&ir! yo$ rea" t)e sa!e text %y re&erencing t)eex'icit i"enti&ying content o& t)e ,or.

•



$otes $se" &or text$a "etai are a,ays s)ort an" occ$r in t)e !i"st o& a'ara')rase.

• Ex. > W)ie !osty t)o$g)t to %e re&ine" texts genre )e's $s

>"e&ine an" organi<e in"s o& socia actions? (a,ars)ii#.

ra!ing $otations in entene

1. C$t t)e F$ote "o,n to its !ost cr$cia 'ortion. W)at F$ai&ies as t)e

>!ost cr$cia? 'ortion ,i "e'en" on t)e ,ay yo$ ,ant to $se t)e F$ote.

2. ra!e t)e F$ote in a gra!!aticay co!'ete sentence o& yo$r o,n.

M; Intext Citation

W)en yo$ 'ara')rase or F$ote yo$ nee" to cite t)e a$t)or an" 'agen$!%er o& t)e 'assage.

o in"icate s)ort F$otations '$t F$otation !ars aro$n" t)e F$ote"

!ateria. )en inc$"e t)e a$t)os ast na!e an" t)e 'age n$!%er in

'arent)esis a&ter t)e &ina F$otation !ar.

igna ')rases+ >asserts states insists "escri%es "e&ines cari&ies

arg$esB?a,ars)i "escri%es genre as not $st t)e "isc$ssion o& to'ics %$t

rat)er t)e evo$tion o& genre into c$t$ra an" socia interactions. >genres)ave co!e to %e "e&ine" as ty'i&ie" r)etorica ,ays t)at co!!$nicants co!eto recogni<e an" act in a in"s o& sit$ationsBB.t)ey aso )e' $s "e&ine

socia actions? (a,ars)i '. 335#. I agree ,it) t)e 'oints o& %ot) a$t)ors

%eca$se socia an" c$t$ra interactions s)a'e every"ay contexts an"'ersona ex'erience ,)ic) in s)ort s)a'e a 'ersons i"ea o& ,)at a genre

tr$y is.

I. :asty generai<ation+ !aing ass$!'tions a%o$t a ,)oe gro$' or

range o& cases %ase" on a sa!'e t)at is ina"eF$ate ($s$ay %eca$se it is

aty'ica or $st too s!a#.• Ex. >My roo!!ate sai" )er ')ioso')y cass ,as )ar" an" t)e one

I! in is )ar" too. ')ioso')y casses !$st %e )ar"D?

II. 7ost )oc (ase ca$se#+ ass$!ing t)at %eca$se co!es a&ter

ca$se" . correation "oes not !ean ca$sation



III. i''ery o'e+ t)e arg$er cai!s t)at a sort o& c)ain reaction $s$ayen"ing in so!e "ire conseF$ence ,i tae 'ace %$t t)eres reay not

eno$g) evi"ence &or t)at ass$!'tion.

I9. Wea anaogy+ !any arg$!ents rey on an anaogy %et,een t,o or !ore

o%ects i"eas or sit$ations. I& t)e t,o t)ings t)at are %eing co!'are"arent reay aie in t)e reevant res'ects t)e anaogy is a ,ea one an"

t)e arg$!ent t)at reies on it co!!its t)e &aacy o& ,ea anaogy.

9. ''ea to a$t)ority+ o&ten ,e a"" strengt) to o$r arg$!ents %y

re&erring to res'ecte" so$rces or a$t)orities an" ex'aining t)eir 'ositions on

t)e iss$es ,ere "isc$ssing.

9I. ''ea to 7ity+ t)e a''ea to 'ity taes 'ace ,)en an arg$er tries

to get 'eo'e to acce't a conc$sion %y !aing t)e! &ee sorry &or so!eone.

9II. ''ea to ignorance+ in t)e a''ea to ignorance t)e arg$er

%asicay says >;oo t)eres no conc$sive evi"ence on t)e iss$e at )an"

t)ere&ore yo$ s)o$" %eieve ,)at I sai"D?

9III. tra, Man+

9I9. *e" :erring+ 'art,ay t)ro$g) an arg$!ent t)e arg$er goes o&&

on a tangent raising a si"e iss$e t)at "istracts t)e a$"ience &ro! ,)atsreay at stae. @&ten t)e arg$er never ret$rns to t)e origina iss$e.

K. ase "ic)oto!y+ t)e arg$er sets $' t)e sit$ation so it oos ie t)ere are

ony t,o c)oices. )e arg$er t)en ei!inates one o& t)e c)oices so it see!s

ie ,e are e&t ,it) one o'tion.

KI. egging t)e $estion+ a circ$ar arg$!ent%a

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