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Writing Frame for “Are Cell Phones Dangerous?”
Note to student:
This is a guide only. You may use the starters below to point you in the right
direction – you can re-word as necessary to make your report flow
appropriately when read.
You must still use the check tick boxes supplied on the task to ensure you
have answered all that is required.
Title
Introduction
In this report I will be discussing / investigating / researching / writing on.. the following
topic “________________________________________”.
This is a controversial / contentious / touchy / debateable / arguable / prickly / delicate
..topic as there are two major viewpoints / ideas / that can be found.
These are……. (state your two viewpoints here).
I will present / try to explain / demonstrate / illustrate.. the plus / minuses, pro’s and con’s,
of these different viewpoints in my report and try to attempt / formulate / put together /
create .. my own conclusion from what I have learned / gleaned / researched / found out etc.
To able to debate / discuss / evaluate / weigh up / appraise.. each viewpoint we need to
understand / appreciate / comprehend / have knowledge of … the science behind cell phone
technology etc….
Cell phones work by….. / Cell phones utilise electromagnetic waves….. / Electomagnetic (EM)
waves are part of…… /
Main body of the report
Attempt to explain all of the following ideas related to cell phones and waves
Description of EM radiation spectrum and (or f);
Energy with respect to the EM spectrum;
Cell phones use of radio or microwaves;
Why cell phones use particular frequencies, wavelengths, and power outputs;
Cell phone infrastructure and repeaters (cell phone towers)
Levels of radiation shown to cause effects on human tissue; Safe levels of absorbed radiation, in an appropriate unit, for example, rads or watts per square metre;
How microwave and radiowave radiation interacts with human tissue;
What makes radiation ionizing; Do cell phones use ionizing or non-ionizing forms of electromagnetic radiation? The electromagnetic energy of most cell phone signals is too low to break molecular bonds – what does this mean for the argument that cell phones are dangerous?
General interaction of charged particles and magnetic fields;
What tissue, if any, is most susceptible to radiation, and scientific consensus on the magnitude of effects (ie. What parts of the body can get sick? What type of sickness can radiation cause?)
The relationship between signal strength, wave power, signal source, and distance; Field strength of cell phones is low, diminishes with distance, and will not penetrate deeply into flesh;
Wave behaviour of radiation and sine wave transmission power.
Cell phone antennae are not directional – waves transmit in all directions, including into your body. Radio waves pass through our bodies all the time, not just when a cell phone is against it;
Clinical studies indicate no positive or negative health effects of cell phones beyond distraction effect;
Contrary viewpoints do not have controlled trial evidence – people are concerned but don’t have data that proves either way.
Comparison of different viewpoints
The scientists / researchers / universities / people….etc… arguing that cell phones are
dangerous are saying the following are reasons / proof / evidence that they need to be used
with caution / care / concern / sparingly:
Summarise in two to three sentences what their main points are here:
The scientists / researchers / universities / people….etc… arguing that cell phones are not
dangerous are saying the following are reasons / proof / evidence that they need not be
used in fear / worry / concern / apprehension:
Summarise in two to three sentences what their main points are here:
What do you think of each viewpoint?
I believe that the ____________________________ viewpoint presented by (use a
reference) has many misconceptions / errors / etc… Because the science / research /
studies they present are not based on good science / investigation / large enough sample
sizes / have only short lengths of observation….. etc.
I believe that the ____________________________ viewpoint presented by (use a
reference) has many misconceptions / errors / etc… Because the science / research /
studies they present are not based on good science / investigation / large enough sample
sizes / have only short lengths of observation….. etc.
But…..
Consider the following
How could the different viewpoints be modified to help clarify their testability or possible next steps to be explored? For example, why both views might be invalid and a better experiment to confirm them.
Conclusion
I conclude that in the scope / range / current knowledge / differing views of / level of / limited
scientific knowledge today we can…….
YOU CHOOSE: …….say that cell phones are….safe / not safe / unsure…..
Because…….
NOTE
An Excellence presentation on “cell phones are/are not dangerous” should comment that
regulatory agencies have concluded cell phones are safe, cell phone radiation is non-ionising, studies
indicate there are long term risks but we need more data on intense sustained usage, and cell
phones can be used more safely by only using them when signal strength is strong (and the
transmitter doesn’t have to transmit as much energy).
Don’t forget to reference properly and use foot notes
Include diagrams to assist in explanation (these must also be referenced)