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WRITING CLASS ADVANCED

THE WRITING PROCESS

STEP 1: PRE-WRITING THINKING ABOUT YOUR TOPIC

STEP 2: PLANNING ORGANIZING YOUR MATERIAL

STEP 3: DRAFTING USING YOUR IDEAS AND PLANS TO WRITE THE FIRST DRAFT

a. Starting your pointb. Supporting your point

TOPIC SENTENCE is usually the first sentence of the paragraph. It is the most important in your

paragraph because it controls all the other sentences. In this way, a topic sentence functions like a

traffic sign controlling vehicles on the road. It shows readers which way they are going.

a. States the topic of the paragraphb. Identifies the controlling ideac. Expresses the writers attitude about the topic.

UNITY. A paragraph is unified when all of the supporting sentences relate to the main topic and develop

the controlling idea. Make sure that you dont include any unnecessary information in the

paragraph.

COHERENCE. The sentences should be arranged so that the ideas are in chronological order.

Clear plan of arrangement.

-time order (telling a story/ sequence of events)

-spatial order (describing something)-order of importance (listing examples, causes, effects, reasons or purpose)

Transitions to connect your ideas.

These are signals that show the connection between one idea and the next. They are important

because they guide the reader through a paragraph.

TIME

RELATIONSHIPS

SPATIAL

RELATIONSHIPS

INTRODUCE

ADDITIONAL

IDEAS

ILLUSTRATION/

EXAMPLE

First

Then

Earlier

Before

While

Soon afterward

By the time

Then

Later

After

To the left

To the right

In front of

In the back of

Next to

Beside

Across

Above

Below

Behind

First of all

Second

The third reason

Next

Also

Besides

Furthermore

In addition

Moreover

Finally

For example

For instance

Specifically

As an illustration

To illustrate

Especially

Such as

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Meanwhile

From then on

Next

Eventually

As

Since

At last

At the center

Between

Near

Last

The most important

Another reason

DRAFTING ESSAYS

PARTS OF AN ESSAY

INTRODUCTION

Background Information - Get readers attention using:

a. Facts and Statisticsb. Quotationsc. Anecdotesd. Questions

Thesis Statement State purposes of the paragraph; identifies the subject

BODY

First Body Paragraph Topic Sentence

Second Body Paragraph Supporting Details

Third Body Paragraph

CONCLUSION

Makes final comments by:

-Summarizing main points

-Drawing a conclusion-Making a prediction

-Offering a solution

STEP 4: REVISING IMPROVING THE FOCUS, CONTENT, AND ORGANIZATION

a. Add new ideas or more specific support.b. Eliminate irrelevant sentencesc. Rearrange ideas to improve the organization

STEP 5: EDITING CHECKING GRAMMAR, SPELLING, CAPITALIZATION, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD

CHOICES.

SIGNALS THAT INTRODUCE A SUMMARY OR CONCLUSION

Note: These signals should be followed by a comma.

Therefore consequently thus to summarize in brief

To conclude in summary last of all finally in conclusion in short