Writing, Chemistry and Writing, Chemistry and the Four Skills:the Four Skills:

Trends and DirectionsTrends and Directions

Steven GrahamSteven Graham

Language CenterLanguage CenterUdon Thani Rajabhat Udon Thani Rajabhat

UniversityUniversity

ThailandThailand

Writing, Chemistry and the Writing, Chemistry and the Four Skills:Four Skills:

Trends and DirectionsTrends and Directions

• IntroductionIntroduction

• Background to English for Specific Background to English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and this studyPurposes (ESP) and this study

• The move from one to four skillsThe move from one to four skills

• Trialling of materialsTrialling of materials

• DiscussionDiscussion

IntroductionIntroduction

• Language CenterLanguage Center

• Chemistry studentsChemistry students

• Writing courseWriting course

• Four skills developmentFour skills development

• English for Science TeachersEnglish for Science Teachers

Background to ESP Background to ESP (( Hutchinson & Waters Hutchinson & Waters 19871987))

Background to ESPBackground to ESP(( Dubin & Olshtain Dubin & Olshtain 19861986))

Background to this StudyBackground to this StudyThe Systems Approach to TrainingThe Systems Approach to Training

((Training Support Publications 1993) Training Support Publications 1993)

Background to this StudyBackground to this StudyGraves’ Framework ComponentsGraves’ Framework Components

((Graves 1996aGraves 1996a)) • Needs assessmentNeeds assessment

• Determining goals and objectivesDetermining goals and objectives

• Conceptionalising contentConceptionalising content

• Selecting and developing materials and Selecting and developing materials and activitiesactivities

• Organisation of content and activitiesOrganisation of content and activities

• EvaluationEvaluation

• Consideration of resources and constraintsConsideration of resources and constraints

Background to this StudyBackground to this StudyJohnson’s Process of Course Johnson’s Process of Course Development for the TeacherDevelopment for the Teacher

((Graves 1996bGraves 1996b))

The Move From One to Four The Move From One to Four SkillsSkills

• Product and process approachProduct and process approach

• Presentation of a very simple Presentation of a very simple experimentexperiment

• Skimming, scanning and context for Skimming, scanning and context for reading and listeningreading and listening

• Metacognitive strategyMetacognitive strategy

• ScaffoldingScaffolding

• Classroom and learner centred Classroom and learner centred

Trialling of New MaterialsTrialling of New MaterialsProfessor Carol McGuinnessProfessor Carol McGuinness

((Nimkannon 2007Nimkannon 2007))

• Learning objectives.Learning objectives.

• Thinking activities.Thinking activities.

• Reflection or evaluation.Reflection or evaluation.

• Making connections of what they Making connections of what they have just learned.have just learned.

DiscussionDiscussionGass’s model of SLA processGass’s model of SLA process

((Block (2003) cited by Dowling (2005)Block (2003) cited by Dowling (2005)))

• Apperceived input.Apperceived input.

• Comprehended input.Comprehended input.

• Intake.Intake.

• Integration.Integration.

• Output.Output.

DiscussionDiscussion

• AssessmentAssessment

• TeachersTeachers

• ScaffoldingScaffolding

• ConstructivismConstructivism

• Final Customer Needs AnalysisFinal Customer Needs Analysis

• The FutureThe Future

Writing, Chemistry and Writing, Chemistry and the Four Skills:the Four Skills:

Trends and DirectionsTrends and Directions

Steven GrahamSteven Graham

Language CenterLanguage CenterUdon Thani Rajabhat UniversityUdon Thani Rajabhat University

ThailandThailand

Are there any questions?Are there any questions?