WRFM Training Pack_Waxy Well Mgt

8/11/2019 WRFM Training Pack_Waxy Well Mgt

1/20

March 2013 Training Pack

Training on Waxy Wells Management

Presented by

Tope Tunde

PT Principal WRFM


2/20

Slide 2

Theory of Wax Deposition

Anomalous Behaviour of Waxy Wells

Tools for preventing Wax deposition

WaxyWells Intervention Techniques

Case Histories

Application of Geochemistry for Identification of Waxy Wells

Outline


3/20

Slide 3

Theory of Wax Deposition in the Tubing

ressure

Temperature

Wax

+

Liquid Liquid

Wax

+

Liquid

+

Vapour

Liquid + Vapour

Bubble Point Curve

Wax-Precipitation Envelope


4/20

Slide 4

Theory of Wax Deposition in the Tubing

Biodegradation

The tubing wall must be below the cloud point

A negative radial temperature gradient

Adequate wall friction for wax crystals to stick

Molecular Diffusion

Shear Dispersion Gravity Settling

Brownian Diffusion

Conditions for wax deposition:

The processes driving Wax Deposition:


5/20Slide 5


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Nov-00 Sep-01 Oct-01 Nov-01 Jan-02

Time

GrossProduction

(bpd)/BeanSize(1/64"

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

THP

(psi

)/GOR

(scf/bbl)

BEAN

GROSS

GOR

THP


6/20Slide 6


1 9 9 3 9 4 9 5 9 6 9 7 9 80

3 0 0

6 0 0

9 0 0

1 2 0 0

1 5 0 0

CalendarDay

OilRate(bbl/d)

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

BS&

W

(%

)

0 .0

0 .5

1 .0

1 .5

2 .0

2 .5

CumulativeO

ilProduced(MMbbl)

0 .0

0 .8

1 .6

2 .4

3 .2

4 .0

GOR

(Mcf/bbl)

0

1 6

3 2

4 8

6 4

BE

AN


7/20Slide 7

Tools for reducing wax deposition

In the tubing

Magnetic Fluid Conditioner MFC) P)

The MFC is based on use of a magnetic field to reduce wax build-up. There is no sound physical basis of why it would prevent wax deposits. Wax

is fully a non-polar and magnetism no effect on wax crystallization whatsoever.

Silver Hawg SH) P)

The SH is based on an alloy composition that provides electrons to the crude in a catalytic manner to reduce the electron deficiencies in the crude.

There is no sound physical basis why an electrostatic charge will have effect on a non-polar, non-ionic species like paraffins.

In the flowline

Glassfibre Reinforced Epoxy GRE) Flowline

GRE has lower thermal conductivity than steel and might provide some small insulating effects; it is smoother (at least initially) than steel and

deposits might be less adhesive. It waxed-up against our expectation.

Pigging R)


8/20Slide 8

Waxy Wells Intervention Techniques

Traditional Methods

Periodic Wax Cutting Mechanical scratcher (R)

Solvent Dewaxing solvent soak (R)

New Approach

High rate: high THT & turbulent flow (P, R)

Commingling with HBSW wells (P, R)

Conservation of heat energy: Nitrogen Annular Insulation (next slide on modelling) (P)

Coiled tubing + Jet blaster (uses less chemical) (R)

Open-up sequence + wax cutting schedule


9/20Slide 9

60

80

100

120

140

250 300 400 500 600 800 1000

GROSS (BPD)

THT

(F)

Brine

Nitrogen

Annular Insulation Model


10/20Slide 10

New Approach to Waxy Wells Surveillance

Case Histories


11/20

Slide 11

Res. Interval Status

Bn Gross Oil GOR GOR /

RsiBSW Bn Gross Oil GOR

GOR /

RsiBSW

1/64 bpd b o p d sc f /st b % 1/64 bpd b o p d sc f /st b %

F7.0M 003L FTL 32 1794 1,794 3,802 2 0 16 0 0 1,794

G6.0W 004T FTT 28 1691 1,691 770 1 0 16 0 0 15,822 1,691

M4.0Y 005T FTT 36 966 966 1,617 1 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 966

G8.0W 022L FTL 24 617 617 6,804 5 0 16 213 213 17,231 14 0 404

G8.0W 024L FTL 40 1208 1,208 665 1 0 24 482 482 970 1 0 726

F9.0W 031L FTL 28 1866 1,120 1,163 1 40 16 627 577 1,341 1 8 543

F1.0M 031S FTS 24 917 825 1,693 1 10 16 0 0 1,740 1 30 825

F1.0M 034S FTS 28 4210 1,937 3,146 2 54 24 1907 1,030 5,752 3 46 907

F7.0M 036L FTL 24 715 672 5,124 4 6 16 609 548 5,007 4 10 124

F7.0M 037L FTL 24 798 654 1,781 1 18 8 82 57 4,200 3 30 597

F1.0M 038L FTL 32 655 655 4,025 2 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 655

F1.0M 040S FTS 28 1006 1,006 2,885 2 0 8 0 0 19,177 10 24 1,006

F1.0M 042L FTL 32 439 439 9,258 5 0 16 0 0 14,100 8 28 439

F7.0M 043L FTL 32 1548 1,548 1,171 1 0 20 61 61 25,839 23 0 1,487

F1.0M 043S FTS 32 1905 1,791 1,746 1 6 12 28 25 5,976 5 12 1,766

F7.0M 044L FTL 28 760 760 2,779 2 0 8 85 85 13,714 11 0 675

F1.0M 044S FTS 36 1167 1,167 1,547 1 0 16 344 344 1,800 1 0 823

22,262 18,850 2,469 15 4,438 3,422 5,064 23 15,428Total

Production Data Post-Optimisation Production Data Pre-OptimisationGain

bopd

Field Experience


12/20

Slide 12

Geochemistry for Determining Waxy Reservoir

Petroleum geochemistryis the application of chemical principles to the study of the

origin, migration, accumulation, and alteration of petroleum...(John M. Hunt, 1979)

Biodegradation- "A process by which microbial organisms transform or alter(through metabolic or enzymatic action) the structure of chemicals introduced into the

environment." - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2009

Acquire Fingerprints for all produced oils from the reservoirs (Gas chromatography)

Determine the differences in oil chemistry among producing reservoirs that could lead

to preferential wax deposition in some wellsDetermine potential waxy reservoirs

This work depend largely on High Resolution Gas Chromatographic (HRGC)

fingerprints


13/20

Slide 13

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

nC8

nC11

nC14

nC17

nC20

nC23

nC26

nC29

nC32

nC35

nC38

12L D3

22S D2

19L D3

22L D3

26L D3

48L D3

57S D3

59T D3

65S D3

48L D3

Waxy Region

Gaseous

Liquid

Liquid hydrocarbons in C 8-18 range completely depleted. Waxy range

hydrocarbons dominates the distribution.

D3- HYDROCARBON DISTRIBUTION PATTERN


14/20

Slide 14

IMO R.56L (9,1) defproj,Instrument3.HRGC inst 3 03-06-19,9,1

Acquired T hursday, June 19 , 2003 5: 38:30 PM

0

20

40

60

80

100Response

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Retention time

nC6

Benzene(16)

nC7

Toluene(40)

nC8

nC9

nC10

nC11

nC12

iC13iC14

nC13

iC15

nC14

iC16

nC15

nC16

iC18

nC17

pr

nC18

ph

nC19

nC20

nC21

nC22

nC23

nC24

nC25

nC26

nC27

nC28

nC29

nC30

nC31

nC32

nC33

nC34

nC35

nC36

nC37

nC38

E3A-56L


Acquired Fri day, June 20, 20 03 5:19: 14 AM

0

20

40

60

80

100Response

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Retention time

nC6

Benzene(16)

nC7

nC8

nC10

nC11

nC12

iC13iC14

nC13

iC15

nC14

iC16

nC15

nC

16

iC18

nC17

pr nC18

ph

nC19

nC20

nC21

nC22

nC24

nC25

nC26

nC27

nC28

nC29

nC30

nC31

nC32

nC33

nC34

nC35

nC36

nC37

nC38

E2X-65L


Acqui red Th ursday, Jun e 19, 2 003 8 :53:47 AM

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Response

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Retention time

nC6

Benzene(16)

nC7

Toluene(40)

nC8

nC9

nC10

nC11

nC12

iC13

iC14

nC13

iC15

nC14

iC16

nC15

n

C16

iC18

nC17

pr n

C18

ph

nC19

nC20

nC21

nC22

nC23

nC24

nC25

nC26

nC27

nC28

nC29

nC30

nC31

nC32

nC33

nC34

nC35

nC36

nC37

nC38

E5A-45L

All hydrocarbon groups are intact.Light to medium range hydrocarbon greater than

waxy,heavy molecular weight compounds. Oils are pristine, non-biodegraded non-waxy

GAS CHROMATOGRAMS: E2-E5 RESERVOIR OILS

Bi d d i d W T d i f h Diff R i


15/20

Slide 15

D1

D9

IMO R.25S (17,1) defproj,Instrument3.HRGC inst 3 03-06-16,17,1

Acquired Tuesday, June 17, 2003 11:32:57 AM

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Response

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Retention time

nC6

Benzene(16)

nC8

nC9

nC10

nC11

nC12 iC13

iC14

nC13

iC15

nC14

iC16

nC15

nC16

iC18

nC17

pr

nC18

ph

nC19

nC20

nC21

nC22

nC23

nC24

nC25

nC26

nC27

nC28

nC29

nC30nC31

nC32

nC33

nC35

EFFECT OF BIODEGRADATION ON WAXDEPOSITION TENDENCIES OF JETOLET OILS .

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 5 10 15 20

PR+PHY/C17+C18

C10-15/C

20-27

D1&D2

D3

D8

D9

E3-F2E3A

IMO R. 13L (6,1) de fproj,Instrument3.HRGC inst 3 03-06 -16,6,1Acquired Monday, June 16, 2003 3:45:46 PM

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Response

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Retention time

nC6

nC7

nC8

nC9

nC10

nC11

nC12

iC13

iC14

nC13

iC15

nC14

iC16

nC15 n

C16

iC18

nC17

pr

nC18

ph

nC19

nC20

nC21

nC22

nC23

nC24

nC25

nC26

nC27

nC28

nC29

nC30

nC31

nC32

nC33

nC34

nC35

nC36

nC37

nC38

SLUDGE

WAX

Pristine /Light

IM O R.65 S (17,1) d efproj,I nstrumen t3.HRGC in st 3 03-0 6-19,1 7,1Acquired Friday, June 20, 2003 7:04:52 AM

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Response

0 10 20 30 4 0 50 60 70 80 90

Retention time

nC6

nC8

nC9

nC10

nC11

nC12

iC13iC14

nC13

iC15

nC14

iC16

nC15

nC16

iC18

nC17

pr

nC18

ph

nC19

nC20

nC21

nC22

nC23

nC24

nC25

nC26

nC27

nC28

nC29

nC30

nC31

nC32

nC33

nC34

nC35

nC36

nC37

nC38

IMO R.7L (18,1) defproj,Instrument3.HRGC i nst 3 03-06-19,18,1Acquired Friday, June 20, 2003 8 :50:31 AM

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Response

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Retention time

nC6

nC7

Toluene(40)

nC8

nC9

nC10

nC11

nC12

iC13

iC14

nC13

iC15

nC14

iC16

nC15

nC16

iC18

nC17

pr

nC18

ph

nC19

nC20

nC21

nC22

nC23

nC24

nC25

nC26

nC27

nC28

nC29

nC30

nC31

nC32

nC33

nC34

nC35

nC36

nC37

nC38

IM O R.65L (16,1) defproj ,Instrument3.HRGC inst 3 03-06-19,16,1

Acquired Friday, June 20, 2003 5:19:14 AM

0

20

40

60

80

100Response

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Retention time

nC6

Benzene(16)

nC7

nC8

nC10

nC11

nC12

iC13 i

C14

nC13

iC15

nC14

iC16

nC15

nC16

iC18

nC17

pr n

C18

ph

nC19

nC20

nC21

nC22

nC24

nC25

nC26

nC27

nC28

nC29

nC30

nC31

nC32

nC33

nC34

nC35

nC36

nC37

nC38

E2

IMO R.5 6L (9 ,1 ) d efp ro j,Instru men t3.HRGC inst 3 0 3-06 -19 ,9 ,1

Acquired Thursday, June 19, 2003 5 :38:30 PM

0

20

40

60

80

100Response

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Retention time

nC6

Benzene(16)

nC7

Toluene(40)

nC8

n

C9

nC

10

nC11

nC

12

iC13iC14

nC13

iC15

nC14

iC16

nC15

nC16

iC18

nC17

prnC18

ph

nC19

nC20

nC21

nC22

nC23

nC24

nC25

nC26

nC27

nC28

nC29

nC30

nC31

nC32

nC33

nC34

nC35

nC36

nC37

nC38

IMO R.45L (4,1) defproj,Instrument3.HRGC inst 3 03-06-19,4,1Acquired Thursday, June 19, 2003 8:53:47 AM

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Response

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Retention time

nC6

Benzene(16)

nC7

Toluene(40)

nC8

nC9

nC10

nC11

nC12

iC13

iC14

nC13

iC15

nC14

iC16

nC15

nC16

iC18

nC17

pr n

C18

ph

nC19

nC20

nC21

nC22

nC23

nC24

nC25

nC26

nC27

nC28

nC29

nC30

nC31

nC32

nC33

nC34

nC35

nC36

nC37

nC38

IMO R. 43T (24,1) defproj,Instrument3.HRGC i nst 3 03-06-16,24,1Acquired Tuesday, June 17, 2003 11:49:01 PM

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Response

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Retention time

nC8

nC9

nC10

nC11

nC12iC13

iC14

nC13

iC15

nC14

iC16

nC15

nC16

iC18

nC17

pr

nC18

ph

nC19

nC20

nC21

nC22

nC23

nC24

nC25

nC26

nC27

nC28

nC29

nC30nC31

nC32

nC33

nC34

nC35

nC36

nC37

nC38

E5

IM O R.44 S (27,1) d efproj,I nstrumen t3.HRGC in st 3 03-0 6-16,2 7,1

Acquired Wednesday, June 18, 2003 5:07:21 AM

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Response

0 10 2 0 30 4 0 50 6 0 70 8 0 90

Retention time

nC6

nC7

nC8

nC9

nC10 n

C11

nC12

iC13 i

C14

nC13

iC15

nC14

iC16

nC15

nC16

iC18

nC17

pr

nC18

ph

nC19

nC20

nC21

nC22

nC23

nC24

nC25

nC26

nC27

nC28

nC29

nC30

nC31

nC32

nC33

nC34

nC35

nC36

nC37

nC38

D8

D2

D6

D3

D6

D6

Biodegradation and Waxy Tendencies of the Different Reservoirs

S f


16/20

Slide 16

Well Name Reservoir Depth (ft) API TemoC Pr/ph pr/nc17 ph/C18 C9/C29 C10-15/C20-25 Remark

21S D1 5828 16.40 138.00 1.89 7.40 4.03 0.95 45.98 Moderate biod.level 3

25S D1 5828 16.30 1.96 8.07 4.67 0.94 66.36 All n-alk lost

29s D1 16.36 1.86 12.49 5.20 1.21 76.70 pristane &phytane intact

32S D1 16.40 1.91 12.86 7.47 0.88 50.61 High sludge ,little wax

12S D2 5900 16.50 139.00 1.88 19.46 13.86 0.99 26.96 Moderate biod.level 318S D2 18.00 1.96 14.81 7.11 1.01 33.78 All n-alk lost

19S D2 17.00 1.74 16.96 10.76 0.99 48.85 pristane &phytane intact

1T D2 21.90 1.76 17.12 10.46 1.05 54.66 High sludge ,little wax

21L D2 22.00 1.83 13.44 5.67 1.08 46.85

22s D2 21.80 1.89 4.70 1.88 0.75 57.00

23L D2 21.70 1.90 11.69 5.47 1.16 48.00

25L D2 22.00 1.91 12.98 6.15 1.04 58.38

26S D2 21.60 1.96 8.07 4.67 0.94 46.91

32L D2 21.50 1.81 16.87 7.14 3.69 51.96

43T D2 22.00 1.91 11.98 7.50 1.09 63.62

48S D2 21.70 1.84 12.97 6.10 1.26 55.05

4T D2 21.60 1.91 16.06 8.91 1.08 42.89

51L D2 22.00 1.89 17.40 8.88 1.12 41.83

5L D2 21.90 2.03 13.03 5.63 1.17 44.28

60T D2 22.00 1.83 18.28 7.24 1.03 42.89

63T D2 21.80 1.84 12.31 5.89 1.07 61.92

64L D2 22.10 1.99 14.48 6.95 0.99 53.75

64S D2 23.00 1.81 15.38 10.59 1.04 64.29

12L D3 6190 23.40 149.00 1.87 5.16 2.09 0.09 138.22

13S D3 23.67 2.18 1.64 0.62 3.12 207.89

19L D3 24.56 2.04 3.88 1.55 0.40 230.59 Low biod. Level 2

22L D3 24.70 1.87 8.30 3.61 1.40 136.08 .Lost solvent range C8-16

26L D3 24.50 2.01 3.72 1.46 0.83 182.68

48L D3 24.80 1.96 4.69 1.65 0.12 254.99 C6-14


17/20

A l f l f d h h ld f


18/20

Slide 18

Application of Energy Flux for determining Wax Deposition Threshold for a reservoir

1L 31S 38L 43S 35L 19S

Gross Production,b/ d 200 400 424 169 2536 2006

Water cut(BSW %)=BSW/ 100 0.42 0.42 0.04 0.1 0.6 0.1

Water production, b/ d= Gross production *Water cut 84 168 17 17 1522 201

Net oil production, (b/ d)= Gross production - Water production 116 232 407 152 1014 1805

Net oil production,(cuft/ d)= 5.6146*Net oil production(b/ d) 651 1303 2285 854 5695 10137

Water production, (cuft/ d)=5.6146*Water production b/ d 472 943 95 95 8543 1126

Oil density, (Ibm/ cuft)= Oil specific gravity * water density 14 14 14 13 13 13

Water density,( Ibm/ cuft) 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2

Oil specific gravity 0.839 0.836 0.834 0.828 0.826 0.827

Oil gravity, degree API=(141.5/ oil specific gravity)-131.5 37.2 37.8 38.2 39.4 39.7 39.6

Surrounding tempeature, degree( F) 77 77 77 77 77 77

Reservoir temperature, degree( F) 180 185 181 200 190 180

Temperature difference at the surface,( F)=Reservoir temp.- Surface temp. 103 108 104 123 113 103

0.52 0.52 0.52 0.54 0.53 0.53

Specific heat of water, (Btu/ Ib. F)=0.25 * Reservoir temp. 45 46.25 45.25 50 47.5 45

ENERGY FLUX BTU=(specific heat capacity of oil * oil density * oil prd.+specific heat capacity of water* 3.59E+07 7.73E+07 8.94E+06 1.02E+07 7.47E+08 9.19E+07

water density*water prd.)temp. diff.

N/ B The specific heat capacity of water at 1 F = 0.25Btu/ Ib.F

Sp heat cap of oil, (Btu/ Ib. F)=0.68 - (0.31*oil specific gravity) + Res. temp.*(0.00082 - (0.00031*oil sp

All offset wells produce wax free above a certain energy flux threshold


19/20


20/20

Slide 20

Many Thanks

for

Your Attention!

Documents

WRFM Training Pack_Waxy Well Mgt