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Wood Preservation

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BY SHRIKRISHNA KULKARNI

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INTRODUCTION WOOD IS PRECIOUS. SAVE IT Composition of wood Properties Of wood Enemies of wood Environment and insects Why preservation of wood Types of wood preservation Types of wood preservatives Features of wood preservative Major manufacturers

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Wood can’t be manufactured synthetically

Wood is rare and precious Wood is eco friendly

Save wood- save earth

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Composition of wood Wood is composed of minute, hollow fibers Some wood is composed of short, hollow brick

shaped cells Zone of lighter wood is called sapwood Zone of darker wood is called heartwood Through the fibers the tree transports water

and nutrients vertically within the tree Wood is composed of a complex mixture of

substances but the main constituent of all wood is a complex sugar called cellulose

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Properties of wood Wood may be destroyed and damaged by

fungi, insects and marine borers Under proper use conditions, wood can give

centuries of good service Under unfavorable conditions wood can be

crushed in powder Wood is affected by environment factors

such as temperature,moisture,winds,salty air, water etc

Wood can be cut,mould,bend,chip,stick etc

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Wood enemies Water,moisture,wind,salts,chemicals Wood- inhabiting fungi- feed on living or dead wood

and produce spores (microscopic seeds) Spores can infect moist wood Fungi need favorable temperature and moisture

content Types of fungi- wood decay fungi• sap staining fungi decay fungi grows in interiors of wood Fungi break down the cellulose component of wood

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Wood enemies- contd.Wood decay fungi types Brown rots White rots Soft rotsEffects of fungi Excessive wood shrinkage Cross grain cracking PowderChemical stains – chemical changes in wood

during processing or seasoning of wood

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Wood enemies contd.-

Insects Termites, carpenter ants and beetlesBeetles Powder post beetles Anobiid beetles Bostrichid borers Carpenter ants Round headed and flat headed beetles Marine borers

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Why wood preservation

To overcome environmental effects and insect control

To increase life span of wood To preserve and protect wood To maintain natural resources of

wood

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Types of wood preservation• Moisture control and temperature control-

Basic preservation• Drying - kiln drying and air dryingChemical controla) vacuum pressure treatmentb) Mixing with gluec) Dippingd) Spray applicatione) Brush applicationf) impregnation

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Types of wood preservative Solvent borne Creosote base Copper base- cuNAP,ACQ,HDO,AZOLE,ACC,CNSL WATER BORNE Copper chrome arsenic Copper chrome boron Acid cupric chrome Zinc base Oxine copper Copper naphthenate Silicates Glycol base

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Characteristics of wood preservative Effectiveness Toxicity Broad spectrum Eco friendly Marine pollutant Aquatic poisonous Fixation capacity Penetration capacity Leaching in soil and water Retention capacity Distribution in the wood Availability Economical

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Wood Preservative Associations and Institutes

American wood preserver’s association AWPA Wood protection association European wood preservative manufacturer's association Wood preservative science council WPSC Institute of wood sciences and technology,Bangloe Leonard wood Institute, USA Wood Institute of California Forest Research Institute, Dehradun South African wood preserver’s association

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Major manufacturers

Merichem Ltd.USA Valhalla Wood Preservatives Ltd. USA Wolman,USA Solignum, UK TWP, USA Otter Ind. Malaysia Rockwood, Germany Dattashri Enterprises, India Lada organics, India Pidilite Industries, India Ascu hickson, India

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Termites and borers

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Carpenter ants

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Beetles

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Fungi Decay

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Dry Rot Fungi

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Brown rot fungi

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Blue stain fungi

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Wood preservation plant

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Thank you