WP Autonomous) 2011

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4P E S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANDYA

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

WEB PROGRAMMING

LABORATORY MANUAL

MAMATHA.B.S

Asst. Professor

2011


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WEB PROGRAMMING

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this manual is to provide the student with a practical knowledge to the programming

tools and skills required to build and maintain server sites on the Web. A wide variety of

technologies such as XHTML, CSS, XML, JavaScript, CGI, Perl, PHP and etc, are used in the

construction of a Web site.

Overview of XHTML

XHTML is not a programming language; its purpose is to describe the general form and layout of

documents to be displayed by a Brower. An XHTML document is a mixture of contents and controls.

The controls are specified by the tags of XHTML. Most XHTML tags consist of a pair of syntactic

markers that are used to delimit particular types of content.

XHTML documents can be created with a general purpose text editor.

Overview of CSS

The XHTML documents can even include the tags which specify presentation details, or style which

be more precisely and more consistently with Cascade Style Sheets (CSS).

Overview of XML

HTML is defined using Standard Generalized Markup Language(SGML), which is a language for

defining markup language s. XML is a simplified version of SGML, designed to allow users to easily

create markup languages that fit their own needs. XHTML is defined using XML. The XHTML

users must use the predefined set of tags and attributes whereas a user can create his own markup

language using XML, the set of tags and attributes are designed for the application at hand.

Overview of JavaScript

JavaScript is a client-side scripting language whose primary use in Web programming is to validate

form data and to create dynamic XHTML documents. JavaScript programs are embedded in XHTML

documents. The JavaScript code in an XHTML document is interpreted by the browser on the client.

Dept. of Computer Science&Engineering

PESCE, Mandya2


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Overview of Perl

Before applets and embedded scripts were developed, a computational capability was provided for

XHTML documents by allowing the document to request the execution of virtually any programs on

the server. This is done using Common Gateway Interface. Perl is the most commonly used language

for CGI programs.

Overview of PHP

PHP is a server side scripting language designed for Web applications. PHP code is embedded in

XHTML documents and the code is interpreted on the server before the XHTML document is

delivered to the requesting client. A requested document that includes PHP code is preprocessed to

interpret the PHP code and insert its output into XHTML document.

Overview of MySQL

MySQL is a widely used database system that implements SQL. It can be used to create databases

and can be accessed from a Perl program using a standard module DBI(Data Base Interface) which is

an API for database access.

FIRST EXAMPLE OF XHTML DOCUMENT.

Edit the following document in any text editor such as notepad

First document

Greetings from your webmaster !


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Steps to run:

Step 1. Save this file as greet.html

Step 2. To display the output on the browser just click on greet.html file.


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Exercises

1. Develop and demonstrate a XHTML document that illustrates the use of external style

sheet, ordered list, table, borders, padding, color and the tag.

Solution:


XHTML document

Resume :Nitesh

.spanred {font-size: 24pt;

font-family: Ariel; color: red}

NITESH


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objective:

To pursue a career as Software Professional in

an esteemed organization, which would enhance my skills to work in competitive environment

and carve a winning edge for the organization.

CURRENT ACADEMIC DETAILS

DEGREE

COLLEGE

UNIVERSITY

SEMESTER

AGGREGATE

B.E.

PESCE

VTU BELGAUM

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

7th

AGGREGATE

74.42%


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76.95%

77.15%

78.9%

76.07%

78.07%

76.07%

78.07%

ACADEMIC DETAILS

CLASS

SCHOOL/COLLEGE

BOARD

PASS YEAR

AGGREGRATE

12th

T.N.B.College,BGP.

B.I.E.C.,PATNA

2006

85.06%

10th

KNV HS Garhbanaili

B.S.E.B.,PATNA

2004


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83.72%

SOFTWARE SKILLS

Operating System: Unix , Window XP

Programming Language: C,C++,JAVA,UNIX

WEB PROGRAMMING:HTML,XML,ASP,JSP

INTEREST

Watching cricket

Playig Sudoku

place: Mandya Nitesh

/* End of XHTML document */

CSS document(mystyle.css)

p, table, li

{

font-family:"lucida callingraphy",aerial,'sanse serif';

}

p{

word-spacing: 10 pt;

}


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body{

background-color:blue;

}

p, u, td, p{

font-size:105%;

}

td{text-align:center;}

th{

text-align:centre;

font-size:85%;

}

h2, h3, h4, hr{color:white;}

table{

border-style:outset;

color: blue;

background-color:white;

}

li{list-style:square;}

/* End of CSS document */

Note: Save this file as mystyle.css


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2. Develop and demonstrate an XHTML file that includes JavaScript for the following

problems:

a) Input: A number n obtained using prompt

output: The first n Fibonacci numbers

Solution:


var fib1=0,fib2=1,fib =0;

var num=prompt ("Enter a number :\n"," ");

if(num>=1)

{

document.write(The first +num+ " Fiboancci numbers are:
\n");

document.write(fib1+"
" +fib2);

for(i=2; i


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b) Input: A number n obtained using prompt

Output: A table of numbers from 1 to n and their squares using alert

Solution:


var num=prompt("Enter a number: \n","");

msgstr="No. & its squares are \n";

for(i=1;i


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3. Develop and demonstrate a XHTML file that includes JavaScript for the following

problems:

a) Input: A text string, using prompt.

Output: Either Legal name or Illegal name , depending on whether the

input name fit the required format, which is First name, Last name, Initials

(Ex. Anil, Rao, M is Legal name and Anil, M Rao is illegal name.

var name=prompt ("Enter your name :\n","");

var pos=name.search(/^[A-Z][a-z]+, ?[A-Z][a-z]+, ?[A-Z]\.?$/);

if(pos!=0)

{

alert("Illegal name\n");

}

else

alert("legal name\n");


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b) Input: A phone number using promptOutput: Either The Phone number is in the correct form or The Phone number is not in thecorrect form depending on whether the phone number fit the required format ddd-ddd-dddd.

var num=prompt ("Enter your phone number :\n","");

var pos=num.search(/^\d{3}-\d{3}-\d{4}$/);

if(pos!=0)

{

alert("Illegal phone number\n");

}

else

alert("legal phone number\n");


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4. Develop and demonstrate a XHTML file that includes JavaScript that uses functions for

the following problems:

a) Parameter: A string

Output: The position of the left-most vowel in the string

Solution:


function disp(str)

{

text=str.value.toLowerCase();

var ch=text.search(/[aeiou]/);

if(ch>=0)

alert("the left most position of vowel is in the given string is"+(ch+1));

else

alert("not found");

}


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4. b) Parameter: A number

Output: The number with its digits in the reverse order

Solution:

function reverse(n) {

n1=""+n;n2="";

for(i=n1.length;i>=0;i--)

n2=n2+n1.charAt(i);

return(n2); }

var num=prompt("Enter any number", " ");

var rev=reverse(num);

alert("The number with its"+"\n digits in the reverse order"+"\n"+rev);


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5.a) Develop and demonstrate , using JavaScript, a XHTML document that collects the

USN( the valid format is: A digit from 1 to 4 followed by two upper-case characters followed by

two digits followed by two upper case characters followed by 3 digits; no embedded spaces) of

the user. Event handler must be included for the form element that collects this information to

validate the input. Messages in the alert windows must be produced when errors are detected.

function formValidator()

{

// Make quick references to our fields

var firstname = document.getElementById('firstname');

var usn = document.getElementById('usn');

// Check each input in the order that it appears in the form!

if(isAlphabet(firstname, "Please enter only letters for your name"))

{

if(usnlValidator(usn, "Please enter a valid usn"))

{

return true;

}

}

return false;

}

function isAlphabet(elem, helperMsg){

var alphaExp = /^[a-zA-Z]+$/;

if(elem.value.match(alphaExp)){

return true;

}

else

{


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alert(helperMsg);

elem.focus();

return false;

}

}

function usnlValidator(elem, helperMsg){

//var emailExp = /^[\w\-\.\+]+\@[a-zA-Z0-9\.\-]+\.[a-zA-z0-9]{2,4}$/;

var usnlExp = /^[1-4][A-Z][A-Z][0-9][0-9][A-Z][A-Z][0-9][0-9][0-9]$/;

if(elem.value.match(usnlExp)){

return true;

}

else

{

alert(helperMsg);

elem.focus();

return false;

}

}

student detail

Name:

Usn:


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5.b) Modify the above program to get the current semester also (restricted to be a number

from 1 to 8)

Usn validation

function chkusn()

{

var us=document.getElementById("usn");

var st=us.value;

var ok=st.search(/[1-4][A-Z]{2}\d{2}[A-Z]{2}\d{3}/);

if(ok==-1)

{

alert("The USN you entered ("+ st +" )is not in correct form.\n"+"The correct format is:"+

"(first [1-4] digit followed by Two Upper case characters follwed by two digits followed by "

+ " two characters followed by three digits\n"+"please go back and enter Usn");

us.focus();

us.select();

return false;

}

else

return true;

}

function chksem()

{

var sems=document.getElementById("sem");

var st=sems.value;

var ok=st.search(/[1-8]/);

if(ok==-1)

{

alert("Incorrect usn"+" please enter correct semester(1-8)");

sems.focus();

sems.select();


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return false;

}

else

return true;

}

Student Database

USN :

SEM :

document.getElementById("usn").onchange=chkusn;

document.getElementById("sem").onchange=chksem;


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6.a) Develop and demonstrate , using Javascript, a XHTML document that contains three

short paragraphs of text, stacked on top of each other, with only enough of each showing so

that the mouse cursor can be placed over some part of them. When the cursor is placed over

the exposed part of any paragraph, it should rise to the top to become completely visible.

Dynamic Stacking of Paragraphs

var top="p1";

function toTop(newTop){

domTop=document.getElementById(top).style;domNew=document.getElementById(newTop).style;domTop.zIndex="0";domNew.zIndex="10";top=newTop;

}

.panel1{position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:0; border-style:solid; background-color:red;}.panel2{position:absolute; top:50px; left:110px; z-index:0; border-style:solid; background-color:black;}.panel3{position:absolute; top:100px; left:220px; z-index:0; border-style:solid; background-color:green;}

First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.

First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.

Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.


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Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.

Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.


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6.b) Modify the above document so that when a paragraph is moved from the stacking

position, it returns to its original position rather than to the bottom.

Dynamic Stacking of Paragraphs.panel1{position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:0; border-style:solid; background-color:orange;}.panel2{position:absolute; top:20px; left:50px; z-index:0; border-style:solid; background-color:white;}.panel3{position:absolute; top:40px; left:100px; z-index:0; border-style:solid; background-color:green;}

var topLayer="p3";var origPos;function mover(toTop,pos){

var newTop=document.getElementById(toTop).style;newTop.zIndex="10";topLayer=document.getElementById(toTop).id;origPos=pos;

}function moveBack(){

document.getElementById(topLayer).style.zIndex=origPos;}

First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.

First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.First paragraph.


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Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.

Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.

Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.Second paragraph.

Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.

Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.Third paragraph.


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7.a) Design an XML document to store information about a student in an engineering collegeaffiliated to VTU. The information must include USN, Name, Name of the College, Brach, Year

of Joining, and e-mail id. Make up sample data for 3 students. Create a CSS style sheet and use

it to display the document.

4ps07cs008

bikash

pes

B.E.

10/10/08

[email protected]

4ps07cs010

ajit

pes

B.E

12/10/08

[email protected]

4ps07cs012

Biswajit

pesB.E.

12/12/08

[email protected]


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//---------------------------css document--------------------------------------

usn{display:block;margin-top:20px;margin-left:20px;color:red;}

name{display:block;margin-left:20px;color:blue;font-size:20pt;}

cname {display:block;margin-left:20px;font-size:20pt;color:pink;}

branch {display:block;margin-left:20px;font-size:20pt;color:black;}

yoj {display:block;margin-left:20px;font-size:20pt;color:green;}

email {display:block;margin-left:20px;color:orange;}

Steps to run:

Step 1. Save the css document as filename.css

Step 2. Save the xml document as filename.xml

Step 3. To display the output on the browser just click on .xml file.

Step 4. observe the output.


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7.b) Create an XSLT style sheet for one student element of the above document and use it to

create a display of that element.

//---------------------------xml document-------------------------

4PS07CS008

VIPIN

PESCE

B.E.

10/10/08

[email protected]

/---------------------XSLT style sheet --------------------------

information

USN:

NAME:

CNAME:

BRANCH:

YOJ:


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EMAIL:

Steps to run:

Step 1. Save the XSLT document as filename.xsl

Step 2. Save the xml document as filename.xml

Step 3. To display the output on the browser just click on .xml file.

Step 4. Observe the output.


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Note: Exercises from 8-13 should be worked under Linux.

8.a) Program to display various server information like server name, server software,

server protocol, CGI revision etc.

Note: Edit the following using vi editor.

#! /usr/bin/perl

# serverinfo.cgi

print "content-type:text/html\n\n";

print "About this server";

print
";

print About this server;

print ;

print "Server name : $ENV{'SERVER_NAME'}";

print "
";

print "Server software: $ENV{'SERVER_SOFTWARE'}";

print "
";

print "Server protocol : $ENV{'SERVER_PROTOCOL'}";

print "
";

print "Server port : $ENV{'SERVER_PORT'}";

print "
";

print "CGI version : $ENV{'GATEWAY_INTERFACE'}";

print "";

exit(0);

Steps to run:

Step 1: Save the file in the folder /var/www/cgi-bin/ serverinfo.cgi

Step 2: Change the permission of the file

$ chmod +x serverinfo.cgi

Step 3: Test your file by typing

$ ./ serverinfo.cgi at the prompt.

Step 4: Open the file in the browser using the URL

http://localhost/cgi-bin/ serverinfo.cgi

Note: If you are working in LAN environment, make use of servers IP address instead of local

host.


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8.b) Program to accept Unix command from a HTML form and to display the output of the

command executed.

HTML document(command.html)

COMMAND:

PERL file

#!/usr/bin/perl

#command.cgi


$query_string=$ENV{'QUERY_STRING'};

($a,$b)=split(/=/,$query_string);

print "Execute UNIX command";

print ";

$x=`$b`; //Back quotes to be used

print The Command output is ;

print
;

print $x;

print "";

exit(0);


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Steps to run:

Step 1: Save the CGI file in the folder /var/www/cgi-bin/command.cgi

Step 2: Save the HTML file in the folder /var/www/HTML/command.html

Step 3: Change the permission of both the files

$ chmod +x command.cgi

$ chmod +x command.html

Step 4: Open the HTML file in the browser using the URL

http://localhost/command.html

Step 5: Enter any simple Unix command, observe the output.


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9. a)Program to accept the user name and display a greeting message randomly chosen from a

list of 4 greeting messages.

//------------------------HTML file----message.html----------//

Accept user name

Enter a user Name

//--------------------------CGI file----------------message.cgi-------------------//

#!/usr/bin/perl

# message.cgi

use CGI:standard;


$input=param(name);

print "Greeting message";

print ";

print$input;

my @msgs=(Good morning,Welcome,Hai,Hello);

print $msgs [ int rand scalar @msgs] ;

print "";


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Steps to run:

Step 1: Save the CGI file in the folder /var/www/cgi-bin/message.cgi

Step 2: Save the HTML file in the folder /var/www/HTML/message.html

Step 3: Change the permission of both the files

chmod +x message.cgi

chmod +x message.html

Step 4: Open the HTML file in the browser using the URL

http://localhost/message.html

Step 5: Enter your name and submit. Observe the output.


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http://localhost/message.htmlhttp://localhost/message.html


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9. b) Program to keep track of the number of visitors, visited the webpage and display the

counter with proper headings.

#! /usr/bin/perl

# visitors.cgi

open(IN,'count.txt');

$n++;

print OUT "$n";close(OUT);


print "Visitors to a website";

print "You are $n visitor to this site";

print "";

Steps to run:

Step 1: Save the file in the folder /var/www/cgi-bin/visitors.cgi


chmod +x visitors.cgi


./visitors.cgi at the prompt.


http://localhost/cgi-bin/visitors.cgi


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10. a) Write a Perl Program to display a greeting based on the access time of the web server.

#!/usr/bin/perl

# accesstime.cgi

use CGI ':standard';

$var=`date`;

$hr=substr($var,-18,2);

if($hr=12 && $hr16)

{

$stg="Good Evening.............";

}

print

header(),

start_html( -title=>Greeting message),

br(b("$stg")),

end_html ( );

exit(0);Steps to run:

Step 1: Save the file in the folder /var/www/cgi-bin/accesstime.cgi


chmod +x accesstime.cgi


./accesstime.cgi at the prompt.


http://localhost/cgi-bin/accesstime.cgi


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10b) Program to display a digital clock which displays the current time of the server

#! /usr/bin/perl

# clock.cgi

use CGI':standard';

$var=`date`;

$delay=1;

$time=substr($var,-18,8);

print "refresh: $delay";


print "clock";print "Digital Clock
";

print "$time";

print "";

exit(0);

Steps to run:

Step 1: Save the file in the folder /var/www/cgi-bin/clock.cgi


chmod +x clock.cgi


./clock.cgi at the prompt.


http://localhost/cgi-bin/clock.cgi


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11. Write a Perl program to insert name and age information entered by the user into a

table created using MySQL and to display the current contents of this table.

//------name.html to insert User details-----------------------------------//

User DetailsForm to collect user details


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//------name.cgi to insert and display User details-----------------------------------//

#! /usr/bin/perl

#name.cgi

use DBI;

use CGI':standard';

$lname=param(lname);

$fname=param(fname);

$age=param(age);

my $dbh=DBI->connect('DBI:mysql:people','root',' ')

or die ("Can't connect ");

mu $sth=$dbh->prepare(insert into age_information values(?,?,?))

or die "Can't prepare );

$sth->execute($lname,$fname,$age);

my $sth=$dbh->prepare('select * from age_information')

or die ("Can't prepare SQL :");

$sth->execute()

or die 9"Can't execute SQL :");

print ;

printAgeInfo;

print;

printCurrent Name,Age Information;

print;

printLastnameFirst NameAge;

while(($ln,$fn,$age)=$sth->fetchrow()) {

print "

$ln

$fn

$age

\n";

}


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$sth->finish();

$dbh->disconnect();

print;

Steps to create database in MySQL:

From dollar prompt type

$mysql u root

Create a new database people;

mysql>create database people;

Switch to your databasemysql>use people;

Create the table using table command of MySQL

mysql>create table age_information(lname char(10),fname char(10),age int));

Insert few records using insert command.

Steps to run

Step1: Save the file p11.html in /var/www/html/name.htmlStep 2:Change the permission of the file.

Step 3:Test your file by $./name.cgi at the command prompt.

Step 4: Open the file in the browser using the URL:http://10.0.1.232/name.html

Step 5. Enter the inputs first name, last name and age and submit.


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12. a) Write a PHP program to store current date-time in a COOKIE and display the Last

visited on date-time on the web page upon reopening of the same page.


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12. b) Write a PHP program to store page views count in SESSION, to increment the count on

each refresh, and to show the count on web page.

Steps to run php

Step1: Save the file in /var/www/html/php/session.php

Step 2: Change the permission of the file.

Step 3: Open the file in the browser using the URL http://localhost/php/session.php


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http://localhost/php/session.phphttp://localhost/php/session.php


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13. Using PHP and MySQL, develop a program to accept book information viz. Accession

number, title, authors, edition and publisher from a web page and store the information in a

database and to search for a book with the title specified by the user and to display the search

results with proper headings.

// -------------insert.html file to enter Book information-----------//

Insert records

Enter The following Details

Enter accession-no

Enter Title

Enter Author

Enter Edition

Enter Publication


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http://10.0.1.230/php/insert.phphttp://10.0.1.230/php/insert.php


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// -------------search.html file to search for a Book based on Title entered by the user-----------//

Search for book

Search page

Enter the Title:

// -------------insert.php to insert records into the table book_info-----------//


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ACCESSION_NO

TITLE

AUTHOR

EDITION

PUBLICATION


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// -------------search.php to search for a book based on Title-----------//


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< ?else : ?>

Steps to create database in MySQL:

From dollar prompt type

$mysql u root Create a new database book_info;

mysql>create database book_info;

Switch to your database

mysql>use book_info;

Create the table using table command of MySQL

mysql>create table book_info (accn, title, author, edition, publication);

Insert few records using insert command.

Steps to run PHP

Step1: Save the insert.html file in /var/www/html /insert.html

Step 2: Save the search.html file in /var/www/html /search.html

Step 3: Save the insert.php and search.php files in /var/www/html /php/

Step 4. Change the permission.Step 5: Open the file in the browser using the URL http://10.0.1.232/insert.html

Documents

WP Autonomous) 2011