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WOU Radio StationA non profit student radio system

The IdeaA low cost student ran radio stationStreaming web simulcast

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Scenario oneBuild an AM radio station on campus

ProsWould be able to reach the community and students.Lower cost than a full fledge FM station.Provides students with valuable training.

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ConsExpensive to buildLicensure proved costlyHigh voltage safety concernsRF hazard makes antenna location difficult.Height of antenna makes construction difficult.

Scenario TwoBuild a low power FM radio Station on campus.

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Pros

Would be able to reach the community and students.Lower cost than a full fledge FM station.Lower cost than a full fledge AM station.Antenna smaller with lower RF.No high VoltageProvides students with valuable training.No licensing --- just royalties

What the FCC thinksLow Power FM Broadcast Radio StationsThis page contains information about the Low Power FM (LPFM) radio service, which was created by the Commission in January 2000. These stations are authorized for noncommercialeducational broadcasting only (no commercial operation) and operate with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100 watts (0.1 kilowatts) or less, with maximum facilities of 100 watts ERP at 30 meters (100 feet) antenna height above average terrain (HAAT). The approximate service range of a 100 watt LPFM station is 5.6 kilometers (3.5 miles radius). LPFM stations are not protected from interference that may be received from other classes of FM stations. A construction permit is required before a LPFM station can be constructed or operated. LPFM stations are available to noncommercial educational entities and public safety and transportation organizations, but are not available to individuals or for commercial operations. Current broadcast licensees with interests in other media (broadcast or newspapers) are not eligible to obtain LPFM stations.

LPFM stations must protect authorized radio broadcast stations on the same channel or frequency (cochannel), as well as broadcast stations on first, second, or third-adjacent channels above or below the LPFM station's frequency. This protection is accomplished through the use of minimum distance separation requirements, which are set forth in 47 CFR 73.807 [PDF].

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Cons

Lower output wattage ~ travels under 10 miles.

LPFM radio station

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What is in it50 watt FM Stereo Transmitter Integrated CD Player Integrated Cassette Player Built In Audio Mixer Professional Microphone and Cables Omni directional 3.4db Gain Antenna and Coax Installed and prewired in a high impact road case! Dedicated media server for simulcast.

Why not LPFM?The FCC is currently not taking applications for LPFM radio licensing.

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Why Streaming Web cast?1. Unlimited listening audience2. No FCC Licensing or involvement.3. There are more than 12,000 radio stations online; it is

the future of broadcast.4. U of O, OSU, PSU, SOU, EOU, all have a radio

station presence. 5. All of the equipment can be used in a full fledged

radio station in the future.6. Excellent training opportunity for students who are

interested in radio broadcasting.

What do students think about a WOU internet radio station?Out of approximately 150 students polled in a recent survey:

86% Listen to the radio 1-10hrs a day and another 2% listen even more.Over a third of the students could see themselves listening to a WOU internet station.A small number of students expressed interest in hosting their own radio show.When asked if they would prefer a mix or different music in timeslots. WOU students were split right down the middle.Most students would like to hear WOU sporting events online.Most students also said they would be more likely to attend campus events if they heard them on the web cast.

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Webcast system needs

Computers:3- CPUs 64 Bit Bus 3.46 GHz with 2 GB RAMPCI express slot17” MonitorsWindows server 2003500 GB Hard drivesCD/DVD RWs PYRO1394b PCI Firewire 800 cardPrimary Computer has these differences:

• 1@ Audio Science ASI6544 professional PCI sound card (See Slide)• 1@ External 250GB Hard Drive USB

DSL Internet connectionA direct IP connection.

Webcast system needs

Software:Adobe® Audition® 3 Broadcast creation toolSimian 1.8 Professional Radio Automation SoftwareNatural Log Professional Reporting SoftwareNatural Music Scheduling SoftwareNatural Grid Log Builder

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Webcast Hardware needs

Broadcast:

360 Systems Instant Replay audio clip playerAdds Ethernet networking that lets you control internet and email technology for on-the-fly updates to your stored sound clip library. Audio clips can be transferred to and from a PC with point-and-click ease. Last-minute additions can be rapidly retrieved over the web, and instantly uploaded. Fast, one-touch back-ups can also be performed, providing an extra protection for critical content. The hard drive will hold 1,000 minutes of sound clips at your touch.

Webcast Hardware needs

Broadcast:

Audio Science ASI6544 professional PCI sound card

designed for use in radio broadcast automation. Providing 12 play streams that are mixed to 4 balanced stereo outputs and 8 record streams fed from 4 balanced stereo inputs. PCM, MPEG-L2 and MP3 formats with sample rates to 96kHz.

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Webcast Hardware needs

Broadcast:

1- Mackie Onyx 1640 16-Channel Mixer with Firewire option

•Premium 16-channel / 4-bus small-format analog mixer

•16 mic preamps comparable to boutique preamps

•4-band Perkins EQ with dual sweepable midrange controls provides warm, musical sound

•96kHz FireWire option for streaming 18 independent channels of audio to computer with near-zero latency

Webcast Hardware needs

Broadcast:

2 Mackie 4-channel 402-VLZ3 Mixers

•Premium 4-channel analog mixer

•2 studio-grade XDR2™ Extended Dynamic Range mic preamps

•2-Band Active EQ

•High-resolution 8-segment stereo meters

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Webcast Hardware needs

Broadcast:Harman Kardon - 300W 5.1-Ch. A/V Home Theater Receiver4 sets JBL - 4" 80W 2-Way Bookshelf Speakers

•300 watts total power: 60 watts x 5 •Surround sound decoders: Dolby Digital, Pro Logic; DTS, Neo:6 and 96/24

Webcast Hardware needs

Broadcast:

4- pairs of Bose® TriPort Headphones

Through acoustic equalization, these headphones mimic the world’s most advanced full-size speakers to deliver exceptional sound. Small, comfortable earcups cradle your ears and surround them in rich, full sound while they lessen outside distractions.

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Webcast Hardware needs

Broadcast:

4- Marshall MXL990 Professional Microphones

•20mm Gold-sputtered, 6-micron diaphragm• FET preamp with balanced output Supplied with shock mount and micstand adapter• Legendary MXL sonic characteristics Comes in rugged carrying case

Webcast Furniture needs

2 Large desks for equipment1 Custom half octagon broadcast booth3 Office chairsAuxiliary lighting (on air etc)

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Webcast Building needs

3 Rooms:• 1 DJ Broadcasting room 200 Sqf• 1 News booth 100 Sqf• 1 Production / engineering room 200 Sqf• Acoustic Tiling for sound proofing• Booth / DesksFive hundred square feet total

Layout

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Reason for webcast studio design plan

The design of the radio station as envisioned by the group is a “fishbowl” that students and prospective students alike can see in its daily operation.

The layout is borrowed from an actual radio station design.

With the design outlined in our study we believe that we can create an unparalleled environment for learning in a true to life broadcast center.

Students will leave the WOU studio with the tools that they will need to be successful in a career in broadcasting and radio production.

Content Licensure for Radio Stations

Regular multicast (Radio and internet) broadcasting licensureLicensing through the BMIBMI is a performing right organization: It collects license fees on behalf of its songwriters, composers and music publishers and distributes them as royalties to those members whose works have been performed.

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Content Licensure requirementsAll campus radio stations will furnish BMI weekly

lists of each station’s performance of all musical works. These lists will include information as to whether or not the station’s performances were transmitted over the Internet. The compositions performed will be indicated by title and composer upon written request by BMI with not less than two weeks notice. Such lists need not be furnished for more than two weeks for each contract year.

Content Licensure requirements cont.

The Two-tier Option is for colleges with lower full-time enrollment and fewer musical attractions than larger institutions. This option requires that each musical attraction (that is, those only promoted by the school) be reported separately. This option consists of a two-part license fee:(A) The first part is an annual payment, calculated by multiplying the Per Student Fee times the full-time equivalent (FTE) student enrollment in the fall academic term. There is a minimum fee forthis option for each contract year.(B) The second part of the fee structure for the two-tier option is a fee for any musical event presented on the college premises and promoted only the institution itself and where the entertainmentcosts total $1500 or more. This fee is determined by two factors:

- the seating capacity of the facility; and - the gross ticket revenues.

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More…requires the payment of an annual CPI-adjusted fee. This compulsory fee is charged for each campus radio broadcasting station which does not receive revenue from the sale of air time and which is not licensed under the terms of any license agreement between BMI and NPR.On an annual basis, you will be asked to submit an updated Exhibit A to assist BMI in identifying web sites affiliated with your college or university that use music so that BMI will know to exclude them for its routine Internet licensing sales efforts.

-BMI

Cost projection$18,100 for station Hardware$3937 for station software$500-1000 a year in Royalty licensing$15,400 est. labor & materials for initial setup / construction.Total= Estimated $38,437 and the yearly cost of BMI thereafter.

Scope Statement (Version 3)

Project Title: Internet Radio Date:February 5, 2008 Prepared by: Team MGR Robert Allen Project Justification: Using a commercial model where advertising revenue is generated we believe that the monetary return on the project will actually pay for the operation of the project in to the foreseeable future. With the added benefit of providing educational opportunities that are as yet not present at WOU, we believe that the project has sustainability at the highest levels. . Product Characteristics and Requirements:

1. Internet radio station for interested listeners and the general public 2. Facilitate a learning environment for communications students interested in

broadcasting. 3. Allow Computer Science students to work with a functioning server and

website. 4. Need facilities, equipment, and manning.

Summary of Project Deliverables Project management-related deliverables: business case, charter, team contract, scope statement, WBS, schedule, cost baseline, status reports, final project presentation, final project report, lessons-learned report, and any other documents required to manage the project. Product-related deliverables:

1. A working station would be nice. 2. Relative autonomous operation after 6 years

Project Success Criteria: Show the feasibility of the project and explain the reason why the cost to benefit ratio is severely unbalanced towards the benefit side. Hopefully, get funded and proceed to the implementation portion of the project.

Project Charter

Project Title: WOU Internet Radio Project Start Date: Fall 07 Projected Finish Date: Winter 08 Budget Information: See Cost Estimate Project Manager: Robert Allen, 5038380470, rallen05@wou.edu Project Objectives: Create an internet radio station for interested listeners and the general public. This organization will be used to facilitate a learning environment. There are opportunities for students in a few disciplines; communications, computer / information sciences, sociology, public policy, business, music, and education.. Approach: We plan to use an existing radio station as a model (KBZY) to which we can scale for our needs. We are using a faculty mentor (DR. Olsen) who has experience streaming audio on the web. We have a solid plan of action for implementation which follows the long planning process which is nearly complete.

Roles and Responsibilities

Role Name Organization/

Position

Contact Information

Facilitate Project

Robert Manager Rallen05@wou.edu

Feasibility / implement

Aaron Team Member APoole@WOU.EDU

Analysis/ implement

Stanley Team Member sratcli@wou.edu

Business Case for Project Name

Date Prepared by: PAR

1.0 Introduction/ Background Create an internet radio station for interested listeners and the general public. This organization will be used to facilitate a learning environment for communications students interested in broadcasting and Computer Science students working with a functioning server and website. ---Mission We plan to use existing radio stations as a model to which we can scale for our needs. We are using a faculty mentor (DR. Olsen) who has experience streaming audio on the web. We have a solid plan of action for implementation which follows the long planning process which is nearly complete. 2.0 Business Objective Using a commercial model where advertising revenue is generated we believe that the monetary return on the project will actually pay for the operation of the project in to the foreseeable future. With the added benefit of providing educational opportunities that are as yet not present at WOU, we believe that the project has sustainability at the highest levels. 3.0 Current Situation and Problem/Opportunity Statement There currently is no WOU commercial radio station presence to this degree on campus. The communications (speech) department has already realized that the future is in telecommunications but has not had this kind of opportunity thus far. 4.0 Critical Assumption and Constraints Western Oregon University needs a student ran radio station. Most universities in this country already have one. . 5.0 Analysis of Option and Recommendation We have considered low power FM, AM, full power FM, and Internet Radio, and have found the following: The initial cost may preclude WOU from considering regular FM or AM. LPFM is currently unavailable because of the FCC. Internet Radio (IR) is an easy stepping stone towards a full fledged radio station. IR uses many of the basic resources

that a regular radio station would. A studio and simple radio station set up for the students will give them real radio station experience. The eventuality of a radio station could still be realized without changing anything except for the addition of RF transmission (AM or FM transmitter) to the station. 6.0 Preliminary Project Requirements The WOU IR would need sufficient space for future expansion to a full radio station while keeping a small enough footprint on campus. It would require a “sound booth”, network access to the internet, server, recording/sound equipment, software, possibly a call center / patcher. And of course BMI licensing. 7.0 Budget Estimate and Financial Analysis With equipment, setup, personnel we estimate $30,798. (See Cost Estimate) 8.0 Schedule Estimate We could be up and running before the end of the term if we were funded. 9.0 Potential Risks Delays in funding could cause the project to stagnate and would then have to be taken up by someone else in the future. Advertisers will have to be solicited to get to at least 8 by year three; otherwise at four advertisers it will take one more year to reach sustainability. 10.0 Exhibits Exhibit A: OSU and PSU both have web presence for their individual radio stations. Exhibit B: Cost to benefit ratio is severely weighted towards the benefit side. Exhibit C: The radio station is self sustainable by all calculations.

Created by: PAR Date: February 5, 2008

Assume the project is completed in Year 0 Year0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total (Cum.)

Costs $38,437 $7,500 $7,500 $7,500 $7,600 $7,500 $7,500 $68,537

Advertisers 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Advertising (Assume $150mo per advertiser) $7,200.00 $9,000.00 $10,800.00 $12,600.00 $14,400.00 $16,200.00 $18,000.00 $54,000.00By Term Donations in Kind estimate $300.00 $300.00 $300.00 $300.00 $300.00 $300.00 $300.00 $1,500.00

Sub $7,500.00 $9,300.00 $11,100.00 $12,900.00 $14,700.00 $16,500.00 $18,300.00 $55,500.00Advertisers fee per month 150Tuition @ 5 students per term $1,060.00 $1,060.00 $1,060.00 $1,060.00 $1,060.00 $1,060.00 $1,060.00 $7,420.00

ROI ($30,177) ($27,317) ($22,657) ($16,197) ($8,037) $2,023 $13,883Advertising,donations,tuition Monthly $1,760.00 $1,910.00 $2,060.00 $2,210.00 $2,360.00 $2,510.00 $2,660.00

Yearly $9,460.00 $11,260.00 $13,060.00 $14,860.00 $16,660.00 $18,460.00 $20,260.00Assumptions Multi-departmental coursework Pick up 4 advertisers to start and one more each year. Cost outlay is 36,225 Tuition is for 1 credit Most of the cost is for student workers

Financial Analysis for WOU Internet Radio

Report clarification and summary

Donations in Kind o It may be anticipated that there would be donations from organizations

especially ones directly involved in campus activities in lieu of advertising costs. It may also be anticipated that grant money may be available to the program (though not factored in).

Advertising Fees

o The cost of advertising in our example is $150 a month per advertiser. This figure is based on the industry standard for small broadcast companies of $25 for a 30 second spot to air, and a very low production cost of $125 to produce the ad.

“…the costs of radio ad development have come down dramatically over the last decade. A good ballpark range for a single-voice radio ad is $850-$900. This includes creative strategy, copywriting and production. For additional voices, figure in another $150-$200.” ~ Strategic Media

o If the business already has a “canned” advertisement set up each

month or runs the same ad monthly the cost will be reduced.

Tuition @ 5 students per term ($1060) o This is based on an Oregon resident under the current fee schedule. If

the tuition is changed or the student is non-resident, this figure will change respectively.

Multi-departmental coursework

o There are opportunities for students in a few disciplines; communications, computer / information sciences, sociology, public policy, business, music, and education.

Pick up 4 advertisers to start and one more each year.

o Local businesses are eager to reach students at WOU, a diverse and growing population.

Continued

Cost outlay is $38,347 o The cost to benefit ratio is sharply skewed towards the benefits. The

return on investment (ROI) will sharply rise after the 5th year as charted; however, the ROI may come to fruition much sooner if the project is embraced by the different departments and / or advertising is more aggressively sought.

Tuition is for 1 credit

o The proposed budget’s premise is based on the idea that five students are working towards one credit at the station. If these numbers are changed the ROI fruition will also be much sooner.

Most of the cost is for student workers

o The idea here is that $6500-$7000 a year would be spent on student and or mentor workers. If the program is entirely scholastic these numbers may be significantly reduced and / or absorbed as cost of doing business (COB) expense.

Charted Business Case:

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-30000

-20000

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10000

20000

30000

40000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Series1

Series2

Series3

As you can see, the projected ROI has a maximum of 6.3 years to fruition, and

with the factors above taken into consideration this estimate of over 6 years may be very

high. We believe that the extended profits from the radio station should remain here at

WOU in the form of an academic scholarship, either by itself or as donation to Western’s

general scholarship fund. The remainder of the profits would give the program relative

autonomy and free it from the necessities of outside funding.

Analysis of Cost to earnings (Payback)

Year Yrly. Costs Cum. Costs Yrly Earned Cum. Earned Cum. Profit0 $38,437 38,437 9,460 9,460 ($29,277)1 7,500 45,937 11,260 20,720 ($25,517)2 7,500 53,437 13,060 34,080 ($19,957)3 7,500 60,937 14,860 48,940 ($12,597)4 7,600 68,537 16,660 65,600 ($3,537)5 7,500 76,037 18,460 84,060 $7,4236 7,500 83,537 20,260 104,320 $20,183

WOU Radio

-$40,000

-$20,000

$0

$20,000

$40,000

$60,000

$80,000

$100,000

$120,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Years

Mon

ey

Yrly. CostsCum. CostsYrly EarnedCum. EarnedCum. Profit

WOU Radio Station Equipment

Hardware Cost Extended

PC $1,600.00 $4,800.00Monitor $240.00 $720.00Ext Hard drive $250.00 $250.00Audio Card $3,495.00 $3,495.00Clip player $3,000.00 $3,000.00Firewire $450.00 $450.0016 Chan Mixer $1,650.00 $1,650.004 Channel Mixer $850.00 $1,700.00Microphone $100.00 $500.00Headphone $149.00 $745.00Stereo Receiver $310.00 $310.00Speaker sets $120.00 $480.00

Column Totals: $12,214.00 $18,100.00

Software Cost Extended

Adobe Audition $349.00 $349.00Simian $1,499.00 $1,499.00Natural Log $1,295.00 $1,295.00Natural Music $695.00 $695.00Natural Grid $99.00 $99.00

Column Totals: $3,937.00 $3,937.00

Furnishings and construction

Acoustic tiling $3,500.00 $3,500.00Remodeling $10,000.00 $10,000.00Furnishings $2,900.00 $2,900.00

Column Totals: $16,400.00 $16,400.00

Total $32,551.00 $38,437.00