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Worms Friend OR Foe ? http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=1&n=75
http://www.quia.com/jg/352695list.html
http://www.dof.virginia.gov/images/anim-worm-crawl.gif
CHARACTERISITCS
OF ALL WORMS
Invertebrate ___________
Elongated bodies
______________ symmetry
Cephalization
____________________
No respiratory organs (Breathe through __________)
WHERE DO THEY LIVE?
_______________ -
Found in environment
_______________
Live on or in another organism
http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/sws/images/grasscycling.jpg
http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=66&n=75
http://www.placervillevet.com/heartworm.htm
PARASITIC WORMS
Animal host where ADULT feeds and
reproduces = ______________HOST
Animal host where LARVAL form
lives and feeds = ______________ HOST
FLATWORMS PHYLUM: Platyhelminthes
FREE LIVING PARASITIC
Planaria Flukes & Tapeworms
ALL FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!
PLATYHELMINTHES (Flatworms)
http://www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImage.html
PLANARIA
NOT
PARASITES
http://www.quia.com/jg/352695list.html
http://www.notatall.blogger.com.br/planaria.jpg
ONE opening digestive system http://www.biologia.edu.ar/animales/images/planaria.jpg
GASTROVASCULAR CAVITY
(Combination Digestive & circulatory)
EXCRETORY • FLAME
CELLS collect excess water and nitrogen waste
• Excreted through pores in skin
Moving cilia look
like little “flames” http://tim.nccu.edu.tw/biotech/biolife/maricopa/flatwormexcret.gif
REPRODUCTION SEXUAL-
HERMAPHRODITES
(have both ovary & testes
in one organism)
but trade with a partner
http://www.notatall.blogger.com.br/planaria.jpg
ASEXUAL-
can use regeneration to
grow a new organism from
part of parent worm
http://faculty.stcc.edu/rapp/biol102/biology_links.htm
PARASITIC FLATWORM
Schistosoma
NOT IN USA but infects over 250 million
people worldwide
Worms can block blood
vessels to organs causing
irritation, bleeding,
tissue decay producing
disease called
= __________________ http://www.coc.org/focus/food/pics/rice_paddy.jpg
HUMAN BLOOD FLUKE
Schistosoma
Larva hatches from
egg & infects snail
(intermediate host)
Eggs leave body in
urine or feces
Adult worms mature & reproduce
in blood vessels; eggs travel to intestines or bladder
Larvae grow tails
and leave snail
Immature worms
burrow through skin
into blood vessels
http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/lifecycles/schistosoma_lifecycle.gif
TAPEWORMS
PARASITIC FLATWORM
that lives in HOST animal intestines
Dog tapeworm
http://www.bangkokhealth.com/cimages/tapeworm02.jpg
http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/pictures/whole_tapeworms.GIF
TAPEWORM VOCAB
____________- Head with suckers and hooks to help hold on inside host
http://www.nicksnowden.net/images/Taenia_scolex_drawing.gif
TAPEWORM VOCAB
___________________-
hermaphroditic reproductive structures
(contain both male & female sex organs)
Contain
fertilized
eggs
Shed in feces
http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/labeled_taenia.html
WORM VOCAB ______________
Thickened PROTECTIVE layer on the outside of worms made of CELLS
_______________
NON-CELLULAR PROTECTIVE coating found on the outside of worms
http://www.nicksnowden.net/images/Taenia_scolex_drawing.gif
Attaches with SCOLEX http://www.esu.edu/~milewski/intro_biol_two/lab__10_platy_nemat/images/taenia_scolex.jpg
http://www.microscopyu.com/galleries/smz1500/images/tapewormscolexsmall.jpg
TAPEWORM
NO DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
-absorbs nutrients through skin
TEGUMENT protects them from host
digestive enzymes and immune system
http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=66&n=75
TAPEWORMS
Can grow up to 30 ft
(2000 proglottids)
REPRODUCE WITH PROGLOTTIDS
Add new proglottids behind scolex
Mature ones drop off at tail end
Leave body in feces
http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=65&n=75
EX: BEEF TAPEWORM
Adults attach
inside intestines
and absorb
digested food
Proglottids are
released in feces
Proglottids burst
releasing eggs with
larvae inside on ground
Cows eat grass;
larvae travel through blood vessels;
make cysts in muscle
Humans eat
undercooked meat
containing cysts
http://net.unl.edu/wonderwise/12parasi/a-para.htm
ROUND WORMS Phylum: Nematoda
Ascaris
Trichinella
Hookworms
Pinworms
Filarial worms
http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=1&n=75
ALL
ROUND WORMS
are
PSEUDOCOELOMATES
NEMATODA (Round worms)
http://www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImage.html
ROUND WORM
Ascaris PARASITIC
Have a 2 OPENING
digestive system
Lives in intestines
Feeds on passing food
http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/images.html
http://www.hillsdale.edu/Personal/Swinehart/Aquatics/Courses/Biodiv/ascaris_bolus.gif
Females can grow up to 1 ft long
& produce 200,000 eggs/day
Humans become
infected when they
eat FOOD or WATER
contaminated with
eggs
Image from: http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif
http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=0&n=75
Most common
worm infection
WORLD WIDE
Mostly in children
Estimated 25%
of world’s
population is
infected with
Ascaris
ROUND WORM
Trichinella Cysts release
larvae that burrow
into intestinal wall &
mature
Adults release
larvae that travel
through bloodstream
to muscles
Larvae forms
cysts in muscle
http://jeggeri.pri.ee/Kontuur/Loomad/pig.gif
http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/lifecycles/trichinella_lifecycle.html
http://www.umm.edu/images/ency/fullsize/trichinella_spiralis_in_human_muscle_2638.jpg
Humans infected by
eating undercooked
meat containing cysts
Trichinella
Trichinella infection can lead to disease called = __________________
Symptoms:
Muscle pain & stiffness Can be fatal if cysts form in heart
http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/unsegm3.jpg
TRICHINOSIS
Less than 100 cases/year in USA from PORK
Most from eating wild game
Curing (salting), drying, smoking, or
microwaving meat does not consistently kill
infective worms.
PARASITIC ROUND WORMS
Guinea worm
Found in AFRICA
http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=5&n=75
http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=6&n=75
PARASITIC ROUND WORMS Guinea worm
Female bodies under skin fill with eggs
and break open; larvae form blisters
Blisters pop and larvae
are released in water
Larvae eaten by small crustaceans
Humans infected by drinking water
Larvae mature and adult worms
migrate to skin
http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=5&n=75
http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=6&n=75
FILARIAL
ROUNDWORMS
are transmitted
by insects
DISEASES caused by
FILARIAL ROUND WORMS
DOG HEARTWORM
Elephantiasis
Loa Loa - eye worm
FILARIAL
ROUND WORMS
DOG HEARTWORM
Carried by
mosquitoes
http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=66&n=75
DISEASES caused by
FILARIAL ROUND WORMS
Elephantiasis
Adult worms
live in lymph
nodes causing
blockage so
fluid back ups http://www2.niaid.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/32FF6DCF-75CF-42D0-BCAE-297EFDE27CF1/0/elephantiasis.jpg
ELEPHANTIASIS Common in
tropical countries
Adult worms can
grow to 4” long
http://health-pictures.com/elephantiasis-picture.htm
ELEPHANTIASIS
http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigbio/project/updated-lymphatic/lymph3.html
Adult worms live and reproduce in lymph vessels
Mosquito picks up
larvae from blood
when it feeds
Larvae develop into
juveniles inside mosquito
Mosquito injects
juveniles which
migrate to lymph
nodes and mature
FILARIAL ROUND WORMS
Loa loa
http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/loa.html
Found in AFRICA
Loa Loa worm • Humans are infected with
larvae when bitten by loa fly
• Larvae mature & crawl
around under skin
(especially near face)
• Adults mate and produce
larvae which can be picked
up by another fly and
transmitted to another
person
http://maven.smith.edu/~sawlab/fgn/pnb/loaloa.html
PARASITIC ROUND WORMS
Hookworms
Ancylostoma
Live in intestine;
feed on BLOOD
http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=1&n=75
http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/placoconus.html
Eggs leave body in feces
and hatch as larvae in soil
Larvae are coughed
up & swallowed;
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/polk/health/carbon/fact3.htm
http://www.retiredgreyhounds.co.uk/page12.htm
http://www.barefooters.org/1995-spring/gifs/mtn_pjl_feet.jpg
HOOKWORM LIFE CYCLE
Adult worms live in
intestine and feed on blood Larvae enter body by burrowing
through skin on feet & travel to lungs
Return to intestines;
mature & mate
Hookworms in Humans
• PROBLEMS
caused by
migrating larvae
• Cause intense
reaction in skin at
site
• Infect 40 million
people worldwide
Parasitic ROUND WORMS
Pinworms • Most common
parasitic infection IN UNITED STATES
• 1/5 children are infected
• Worldwide 500 million people are infected with pinworms
http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=16&n=75
Grow up to ½ inch long
Parasitic ROUND WORMS
• Adult Pinworms live in intestine
• Females crawl out through anus at night and lay 15,000/day eggs on skin
• Intense itching causes host to scratch
• Eggs under fingernails and on hands are spread back to self or to others when objects/food are touched
ALL
SEGMENTED
WORMS
are
EUCOELOMATES!
“True coelom”
SEGMENTED WORMS
(PHYLUM: ANNELIDA)
http://www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImage.html
SEGMENTED WORMS Annelida
FREE LIVING PARASITIC
Earthworms Leeches
SEGMENTED WORMS
Return nutrients to soil by decomposing dead leaves and organic matter
Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots
Tunnels loosen soil so roots can grow more easily
Earthworms play an important role in soil fertility
“intestines of the earth”
-Aristotle
PARASITIC SEGMENTED WORMS
LEECHES
Medical uses