Worldwide Developments in BRT

Walter Hook, Executive Director, ITDPTransforming Transportation, World Bank, January 2011

Guangzhou: “Hybrid full featured direct service” BRT. Over 800,000 daily passengers. Three consortiums under QOS contracts compete. Revenue collected by metro company and divided by formula

Gangding, off-peak traffic into the city centre

Offset where road narrows

Bike sharing

Bike parking

Stations away from Junctions.Turning buses pull into mixed trafficSplit stations decision: discuss

BRT route selection

Services to be included and excluded from BRT corridor

Not a complete corridor. The original 23 Phase I BRT routes (40+ are operating)

8

Flexible Operation

210

560 Route using corridor /route length more than 30％

BRT Vehicle， can leave corridor

Don’t need feeder

296

561 242

The Bus Routes are similar to the old routes, but now they are “B” routes.

Bike sharing along BRT corridor, Over 5000 bikes today, expanding to 20,000 by 2011

Integrated with Metro at 4 stations.

TransJakarta just opened routes 9 and 10, making it the longest BRT

7

95 10

41

2

3

8

12

13

14

15

16

AB

6

11

Rasuna Said – Gatot Subroto – Sudirman – Senayan – Penjernihan

Kp. Melayu – Casablanca – DR Satrio – Mas Mansyur – Cideng

15 Busway Corridors Planned, 10 are built

• Corridor are Euro 0 diesel. Sulfur in fuel still too high.

• Corridor 2-8 (and beyond) buses run on CNG.

• No GHG CO2 advantage because inefficiencies with refueling

• Major operating costs and service delays.

• National government recently settled the price and agreed to add fueling stations

Problems with CNG

- Non-standardized approach to contracting

- Because 40% of the total system costs are government, (rest is bus procurement) tendered 40%, and lowest bidder will set the price for the remaining.

- Contracts are different. Existing operators consortium took to the courts. Operations stalled for months.

- Independence of TransJakarta agency still not legalized but improved.

- Ticketing system still paper tickets and ‘non-transparency’…

Legal and institutional problems are key

Lane enforcement has been lax

MC Escher was called in on the design

At least Corridor I of TransJakarta still slips past the traffic.

Ahmedabad

• Construction complete on 30 km of planned 90 km network- 50,000 passengers / day- 27% of riders from private

vehicles• Competitive bidding for bus

operations and fare collection• Quality of service contracting

Segregated median bus lanes

Level boarding 900 mm

Two-phase junctions

The “Square-about”

Johannesburg’s Rea Vaya: Sub-Saharan Africa’s First Full Featured BRT System

Johannesburg: Trunk, Feeder and Complimentary

Corridor length: 63 km

Number of stations: 78

• Pre-paid, level boarding

• Secure, weather-protected

• Aesthetically pleasing

Successes: The Stations are World Class

Vehicles are World Class: Low-Emission Engines, High Quality• Euro IV diesel engine with particulate traps

• (Bogota is Euro II, so Rea Vaya is much cleaner!)

Best Practice: Passing lanes and multiple stopping bays at stations ensures high capacity and allows for integrated express services

Innovative Complementary Routes

• Trunk/feeder hybrid

• Doors on both sides

• Facilitates bigger service range while trunk infrastructure is being expanded.

• Poorly implemented…

One way streets have special problems. Central verge on a one way street is working well, but…

ITDP issues to discuss

Network effects are a problem.

Current Rea Vaya Structure

Mayor

MMC for Transport

MMC forDevelopment Planning and

Urban Management

MMC for Finance and EconomicDevelpment

JohannesburgRoads Agency

(JRA)

QuestekOperational Control

Johannesburg Development Agency

(JDA)

Metropolitan Trading Company (MTC)

TransportationDepartment

Rea Vaya Project

AutomaticFare Collection

SPV/Bus OperatingCompany

Facilities and PropertySolutions

DCI

Mmaphaku Cleaning

Saha: IT Advisor and Interim

Fare Collection

Stations and roadworks

HR Company

Cashiers/Ambassadors

Significant accountability issues

The Taxi Transition:

Competitive tender abandoned for ‘negotiated settlement’ with ‘affected operators’ to avoid violence, but…

Who represents the ‘affected operators?’

4 levels of associations (national, province, city, district) from 2 warring associations, members don’t recognize leaders

8 vehicles per legal operating license.

Where are we now…

38

YesYes Almost

10 local associations affected. City defined the affected routes, the number of routes/association,

certified the operators, and decided on 1 share for every vehicle and license upon turning

over vehicle

39

Taxi Association Unique vehicles recorded in surveys

Total passengers carried (am and pm)

Vehicles Affected

Proportion of association total

Proportional vehicles for removal

Vehicles Registered

Owners Registered

Faraday Taxi Association 1337 41864 12 1% 6Dorljota 1066 38222 14 1% 7STS 1399 34529 389 28% 180 57WATA 999 29222 277 28% 129 190 68Meadowlands Dube Noord Taxi Association 631 21613 196 31% 90Bara-City Taxi Association 555 21474 28 5% 13Nanduwe Taxi Association 532 20547 165 31% 77 22 20Diepmeadow Taxi Association 338 15588 127 38% 59Johannesburg Southern Suburbs Taxi Association

391 11413

10 3% 5Noordgesig Taxi Association 28 881 19 68% 9TOTAL 12 553** 385686 1237 575 437 248

Issues

• Non competitive tender drove up operating costs by at least 30% - 40% and undermined transition timetable by years

• Some routes more lucrative than others (from R2000 to R9000 per month) so 1 share one vehicle + license caused problems

• Monthly share dividend had to be +/- the highest route value for all to agree driving up fee/km