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World War II
Timeline of Events
1921 • Germany is forced to accept $32 billion reparations schedule
• The German mark collapses creating severe inflation
“For three Generations you’ll have to slave away!”
1923• France and Belgium
occupy the Ruhr b/c Germany defaults on reparations payments
• Hitler’s Beer Hall Putsch
• Hitler writes Mein Kampf expressing his anti-semetic views and putting forth his “Final Solution”
1924
• Creation of the Dawes plan
• Germany’s economy begins to improve at a very slow rate
1929 • Kellogg-Briand Pact is signed outlawing war (60 nations but no enforcement powers)
1931• http://www.youtube.com/watch#!v=mtMss6hKPBU 10 min
• Japanese Invasion of Manchuria (1931); puppet government of Manchukuo• Mukden incident
• Full-scale invasion of China in earnest by 1937• ‘Rape of Nanking’ (1937 --
300,000 civilians massacred by
• Japanese troops in French Indochina (1940)
• Japan occupies resources in Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
• 1932 FDR is elected Pres in the U.S.
1931 cont.
1933• Hitler is made Chancellor in
the Weimar Republic & begins a rearmament campaign
• Reichstag fire• National Socialist German
worker’s party win 43% of the Reichstag
• National boycott of Jewish businesses
• Public book burnings of Jewish authors
• Dachau is open initially for Communists, Socialists and labor leaders
• Japan & Germany withdraw from LoN
1934• Ernst Rohm and the SA
(Sturmabteilung), Nazi storm troopers that helped bring Hitler to power, were arrested and killed in the “Night of Long Knives”
• Nazi party is now the only legal political party.
• Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Diseases
• 30,000 are now interned. • August 2: Hindenburg
dies Hitler assumes the presidency
1935 • Anti-Jewish legislation “Nuremburg Laws” citizenship was revoked
1936 • Italy invades Ethiopia 1934
• Ethiopia asked the League of Nations for help – they had no military forces to send
• LoN placed economic sanctions on Italy for being an aggressor
• Italy announced Ethiopia is part of the Italian empire
1936 cont.• Olympics in Germany
• All anti-Jewish signs are removed until games are over
• Rome-Berlin Axis & Anti-Comintern Pact
• Hitler takes the Rhineland
• Franco comes to power in Spain
• FDR wins 2nd term
1937• Marco-Polo Bridge
Incident (China)• KMT-CCP Agreement
signed (China) ended the civil war in order to combine forces and free China from Japanese invaders
1938• U.S. Naval Expansion Act• Austria is annexed by
Germany• Kristallnacht – Nazi’s burn
synagogues and loot Jewish homes and businesses – seized assets
• Jewish children expelled from school (has previously been excluded from university)
• Czech placed Sudetenland under martial law & Hitler attacked and annexed the land
• Munich Conference - appeasement
Young onlookers watch as the local fire department prevents the fire from spreading to nearby houses, but makes no attempt to stop the synagogue from burning.
1939 • 9/17 Russia invades Poland, Baltics and Finland
• Poland partitioned Germany begins “blitzkrieg” campaign
• U.S. Neutrality Act
1939 cont• WWII breaks out• Germany annexes the rest of
Czechoslovakia. British pledges to aid Poland "at once . . . with all the support in their power” (declare war on Ger.)
• The Jewish refugee ship the St. Louis arrives in Belgium after being denied access to Cuba and the U.S.
• Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
• Ger & S.U. wage war & divide Poland
• U.S creates Cash & Carry Policy
1940 • Jan. Britain begins East Africa Campaign against the Italians
• May U.S. fleet relocated to the Pacific as a deterrent
• June 22 France falls to the Nazi’s• Vichy Government is
set up in southern France
• June10 Battle of Britain• Dec. Lend-Lease Act• FDR gets a 3rd term
After the Battle of Britain
1940 cont.
• The deportations of Gypsies• German troops invade Denmark
and Norway. • British forces land in Norway. • Ger invaded Holland, Belgium,
and Luxembourg. • British troops enter Belgium.
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain resigns; Winston Churchill becomes new Prime Minister.
• 5/15 Holland surrenders• 5/28 Belgium surrenders • 6/3 Norway surrenders • 6/10 Italy declares war on G.B &
Fr. • 6/14 Germans enter Paris
1941• March 11: FDR signs Lend-
Lease Bill. • April 6: Germany invades
Greece and Yugoslavia. • April 13: Germans occupy
Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Russo-Japanese neutrality pact signed.
• June 22: Germany attacks the S.U.
• June - July: Over 62,000 Jews are murdered in western Russia.
• August 11: Churchill & FDR sign the Atlantic Charter, establishing the war aims of both nations.
1941 cont• December 7: Britain declares
war on Finland, Hungary, and Rumania.
• December 8: Britain & the U.S declare war on Japan. Japan invades Malaya.
• 12/7 Pearl Harbor attacked http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e6h9h7ky0E attack scene 10 min http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VqQAf74fsE (FDR speech)
• December 9: Japan invades Philippines.
• December 11: Ger & It declare war on U.S.
1942• February 19: By order of FDR,
Japanese-Americans living on the West Coast are transferred to internment camps in the interior of the country.
• April 10: Japan captures Bataan. By June, Japan controls the Philippines.
• May 4-8: Battle of Coral Sea. http://military.discovery.com/videos/world-war-ii-in-color-battle-of-the-coral-sea.html 3 min
• June 3-6: Battle of Midway Island. http://military.discovery.com/videos/20th-century-battlefields-episode-4-1942-midway.html 2 min
• August 5-31: Germans advancing in Russia.
• August 7: Americans land on Guadalcanal.
• November 8: U.S. & G.B. land in French North Africa. Animated map
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_north_africa_campaign.shtml
1943• January 14: FDR and Churchill
meet at Casablanca, decide on a policy of "Unconditional Surrender."
• January 31: Ger. Gen. surrender to the Soviets at Stalingrad.
• May 13: Ger. surrender in Tunisia.
• July 10: Allies invade Sicily. • July 25: Benito Mussolini is
dismissed by King Victor Emmanuel in Italy and is arrested. Attempts to escape to is caught, assassinated beaten & hung.
• August 2: Eight days of Allied bombing in Hamburg, Germany.
• August 17: Allied conquest of Sicily.
1943 cont.
• August - December: The United States lands on the Solomon Islands, New Guinea, New Georgia and the Gilbert Islands.
• September 3: Italy forms armistice with Allies.
• September 8: Italy surrenders.
• October 13: Italy declares war on Germany.
• November 22-26: Cairo conference between Churchill and FDR
• November 28: Teheran conference between the Big Three: Churchill, FDR and Joseph Stalin, of the Soviet Union.
1944• January 22: Allies land in Anzio,
It. • February 3: Ger. offensive at
Anzio. • March 22: Japanese invade
India. • April 10-18: Soviet success
against the Germans in Crimea. • June 4: Allies occupy Rome. • June 6: D-Day interactive map
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_d_day.shtml
• June 19-20: Battle of the Philippine Sea, Allied victory over Japanese forces.
• June 22: The G. I. Bill of Rights passed.
• June 23: Russians start offensive on Central Front.
• July 20: Failed attack to kill Hitler.
• July 24: American forces land in the Marianas Islands.
1944 cont
• July 27: Americans break Ger. lines in Normandy.
• August 17: Japan removed from India.
• August 25: Paris liberated by the Allies.
• October Allies land in Greece, Russians enter East Prussia.
• October 19: Americans in Philippines.
• November 7: FDR is elected for his fourth term; Harry S Truman VP.
• November 28-29: First American night air attack on Tokyo.
• December 16-26: Battle of the Bulge, the last German offensive in the west.
1945• February 4: Am. enter Manila:
Yalta Conference. • February 13: Dresden raid. • February 19: Americans land
on Iwo Jima. April 1 Okinawa.• March 18: Air-raid on Berlin. • March 23: Allies cross the
Rhine. • April 12: FDR dies, Harry S
Truman becomes president. • April 20: Am. capture
Nuremberg. • April 29: Dachau concentration
camp is overrun by United States soldiers. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PNjQi1Pmkc
• May 1: Hitler commits suicide.
1945 cont
• May 2: Berlin surrenders to Russian forces.
• May 4: German forces in Holland, North-West Germany, and Denmark surrender.
• May 7: Unconditional surrender of all German forces to Britain, Russia, and the United States.
• May 8: V-E Day: German surrender confirmed.
• June 26: U.N. charter is signed. • July 5: Liberation of Philippines
complete.
1945 cont.
• July 16: Potsdam conference ends. Meanwhile, the first atomic bomb is exploded in a test at Alamogordo, New Mexico.
• July 26: Potsdam Declaration is delivered to Japan.
• August 2: Potsdam conference ends.
• August 5: Atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncq_Wye43TM BBC Film clip 5 min
• August 8: Russia declares war on Japan.
• August 9: Atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki.
• August 14: Japan accepts Allied terms.
• August 15: V-J Day.
WHEWF!!!! We just ran through WWII in a week!
Really?!