World War II. The Neutrality Acts Banned Sale of war supplies to the belligerentsSale of war supplies to the belligerents Loans to the belligerentsLoans

World War II

The Neutrality Acts

Banned• Sale of war supplies to the belligerents• Loans to the belligerents• U.S. citizens traveling on vessels

belonging to the belligerents

Meanwhile in Europe…

Germany introduced the Blitzkrieg

To Poland

Denmark

Norway

Belgium

the Netherlands

and France

Britain stood alone.




Cash and Carry Policy

• Belligerents (Britain) could purchase war supplies and equipment in the United States provided they– Paid cash (no loans from Americans)– Carried the supplies and equipment in their

own ships (no transportation on American cargo vessels)

The Bases-for-Destroyers Deal, September 1940

Fifty older U.S. Navy destroyers in exchange for 99-year leases on nine British bases around the world

Lend-Lease, March 1941

U.S. Marines stationed in Iceland, July 1941

Atlantic Conference, August 1941

Growing tensions in the Atlantic• September 4, 1941--USS Greer fights with

a German submarine; FDR issues “shoot on sight” order

Growing tensions in the Atlantic

• Destroyer USS Kearny torpedoed by German submarine; 11 US navy sailors killed


• October 31, 1941—USS Reuben James torpedoed and sunk by German submarine; 115 American lives lost.


Meanwhile, in the Pacific…

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

The Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor








Japanese Conquests

General Douglas MacArthur

Bataan Death March

photo courtesy of www.fourthmarinesband.com

Weak American Response

The Doolittle Raid

The Doolittle Raid

The Doolittle Raid

The Doolittle Raid

The Doolittle Raid

The Doolittle Raid

The Doolittle Raid

A footnote to the Doolittle Raid



Midway

Midway

Midway

Midway

Midway

Midway

Midway

Midway

Midway

Midway

Guadalcanal

Naval Battles for Guadalcanal



Admiral Chester Nimitz

General Douglas MacArthur

Battle of Tarawa, 20-23 November 1943

Tarawa

• 35,000 U.S. soldiers and Marines vs. 4,700 Japanese

• Casualties– U.S.: 1,001 killed, 2,296 wounded– Japanese: 4,683 killed, 17 captured

Tarawa

Battle of Leyte Gulf,23-26 October 1944

Battle of Tarawa,20-23 November 1943

The Battle of Leyte Gulf




• Losses:– U.S.:

• 3 aircraft carriers• 3 destroyers• 3,500 men killed

– Japanese:• 4 aircraft carriers• 3 battleships• 8 cruisers• 12 destroyers• 10,000 men killed

Battle of Leyte Gulf

Battle of Iwo Jima

Battle of Tarawa

Iwo Jima

Iwo Jima

Iwo Jima

Casualties• U.S.:

–5,598 killed–19,189 wounded–494 missing

• Japanese:–20,703 killed–216 captured

Meanwhile, in Europe…

Operation Torch

• November 1942, U.S. troops land in North Africa

Continuing Advances in the European Theater of the War

• July 1943—Allied troops land in Sicily.• September 1943—Allied troops land on

the Italian peninsula.• June 6, 1944—Allied troops land on the

coast of France.

Continuing Advances in the European Theater of the War

D-Day, 6 June 1944: The Allied Landings in Normandy

General Dwight Eisenhower






The Battle for Normandy, 6 June-25 August, 1944

Casualties• Allied:

– 57,200 killed– 173,000 wounded or missing

• German:– 23,019 killed– 67,060 wounded– 198,616 missing

Endgame in Europe

• April 8, 1945—Roosevelt dies of cerebral hemorrhage and is replaced by Harry S Truman.

• April 30, 1945—With Soviet troops only blocks away, Hitler commits suicide in his bunker in Berlin.

• May 8, 1945—Germany surrenders.

Endgame in the Pacific

Truman’s options:• Invade Japan

or…

The Manhattan Project

Hiroshima, 6 August 1945

Hiroshima, 6 August 1945

Nagasaki, 9 August 1945

Nagasaki, 9 August 1945

Surrender Ceremony, 2 September 1945

Surrender Ceremony, 2 September 1945

“Big Three” Conferences

Teheran, November-December 1943


Yalta, February 1945


Potsdam, July-August 1945

Documents

World War II. The Neutrality Acts Banned Sale of war supplies to the belligerentsSale of war supplies to the belligerents Loans to the belligerentsLoans