World War II: The End

8/19/2019 World War II: The End

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WORLD

WAR IISECTION 5: VICTORY IN EUROPE AND THE

PACIFIC


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3/16

PLANNING

GERMANY’S DEFEAT

• "hrou!hout 1943, oosevelt, -hurchill, and talin suabbled

over when they would start a second front in *rance.

• %( to that (oint, oviet troo(s had done $ost of the fi!htin!

in /uro(e. talin insisted that 0ritain and the %nited tates

carry $ore of the $ilitary burden by attackin! #er$any inthe west, thereby forcin! #er$any to divide its troo(s.

• oosevelt sy$(athied with talins (osition, but -hurchill

hesitated and delayed. ecallin! the slau!hter of 0ritish

troo(s on the estern *ront in orld ar I, he was not

anxious to see history re(eat itself.• e ar!ued that the #er$an %5boat (resence was too !reat in

the /n!lish -hannel and that the Allies needed $ore landin!

craft, $ore eui($ent, and better5trained soldiers.


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NOVEMBER 1943

• In a $eetin! of e(ic (ro(ortions, like total e(icness,

oosevelt, -hurchill, and talin travelled to Iran to $eet

for their first face5to5face $eetin!.

• hat did they talk about6 ell, -hurchill continued to

have reservations about cross5channel invasion. 0ut *7a!reed with talin.

• -hurchill then a!rees, reluctantly, and after years of war,

0ritish and A$erican soldiers 8and -anadians would

invade *rance and be!in their $arch toward #er$any.

• -odena$e of the Allied invasion6 :(eration

:verlord.


5/16

D-DAY INVASION

OF NORMANDY

• :verlord involved the $ost ex(erienced Allied officers in

/uro(e.

• A$erican #eneral 7wi!ht 7. /isenhower a!ain served as

u(re$e -o$$ander.

• )une ;, 1944> (lanes (re(ared the way, atte$(tin! to

destroy #er$an co$$unication and trans(ortation

networks to soften ?ai beach defenses.

• At ;@3>a$, after a rou!h crossin! of the /n!lish -hannel,

the first troo(s landed.


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• :n the four beaches, the landin!s were only li!htly o((osed

and casualties relatively low.

• 0ut at :$aha, one of the two beaches assi!ned to A$erican

forces, the #er$ans offered stiff o((osition.

• :? the cliffs overlookin! the beach, the #er$ans had du!trenches and built s$all concrete (illbox structures fro$

which heavy artillery could be fired.

• "hey also heavily $ined the beaches.

• hen the first A$erican soldiers landed, they ste((ed out of

their landin! crafts into a rainstor$ of bullets, shells, anddeath.

• o$e crafts du$(ed their occu(ants too far fro$ the beach

soldiers, wei!hted down by heavy (acks, drowned.


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• 0y the end, $any A$ericans had their last day on /arth.

o$e fou!ht bravely and died. :thers fou!ht bravely and

survived. 0y the end of the day thou!h, the Allies had

!ained a toehold in *rance.


8/16

LIBERATION

OF EUROPE

• After 757ay, #er$any faced a ho(eless two5front war.

oviet soldiers were advancin! steadily fro$ the east.

=ile by $ile, #er$any was losin! its land.

• Allied ar$ies were also on the $ove in the west. In Au!ust

1944, the Allies liberated 'aris. itler had ordered his!enerals to destroy the *rench ca(ital, but they disobeyed

hi$, leavin! the -I"B :* CI#" as beautiful as ever.

• As 'arisians celebrated, Allied troo(s ke(t advancin!.


9/16

BATTLE OF

THE BULGE

• "he counterattack, known as the 0attle of the 0ul!e, al$ost

succeeded. "he #er$ans cau!ht the Allies by sur(rise,

creatin! a bul!e in the A$erican line, and ca(tured several

key towns.

• nowy, cloudy skies (revented the Allies fro$ ex(loitin!their air su(eriority.

• 0ut at the 0el!ian town of 0asto!ne A$erican forces held

des(ite frostbite and brutal #er$an assaults.

• "hen, on 7ece$ber 23, the skies cleared and the Allied

bo$bers attacked #er$an (ositions.• "he 0attle of the 0ul!e was a des(erate atte$(t to drive a

wed!e between A$erican and 0ritish forces. Instead, it

cri((led #er$any. A?7Dit shortened the ti$e itler had left.


10/16

ALLIES PUSH

TO VICTORY

• 0y )anuary, the oviet Ar$y had reached the :der iver

outside of 0erlin.

• "he Allies also advanced northward in Italy.

• A(ril 194@ =ussolini tried to flee to witerland but was

ca(tured and executed.

• itler was now a total wreck, he was shaken by tre$ors,

(aranoid fro$ dru!s, and ke(t alive by $ad drea$s of final

victory.

• e !ave orders that no one followed and (lanned ca$(ai!ns

that no one would ever fi!ht.

• *inally, on A(ril 3>, he and a few of his closest associates

co$$itted suicide.

• =ay Eth


11/16

ADVANCING IN

THE PACIFIC

• hile war still ra!ed in /uro(e, A$erican forces in the

'acific had been advancin! in !iant lea(s.

• "hey followed an ISLAND-H PPING strate!y,

ca(turin! so$e )a(anese5held islands i!norin! others in

a steady (ath toward )a(an.

• *ro$ "arawa and =akin in the #ilbert Islands, A$erican

forces Fu$(ed ahead to /niwetok and GwaFalein in the

=arshall Islands.

• "hen, they took another lea( to ai(an, "inian, and #ua$in the =ariana Islands.


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JAPANESE FORCES

FIGHT TO THE DEATH

• A$erican forces took each island only after a nearly

unbelievable life5and5death stru!!le.

• "i$e and a!ain, )a(anese defenders fou!ht virtually to the

last $an.

• ather than surrender, $any )a(anese troo(s readily killedthe$selves.

• At the sa$e ti$e, )a(anese ka$ikae (ilots deliberately

crashed their (lanes into A$erican shi(s.

• 0y the end of the war, $ore than 3>>> )a(anese (ilots had

died in ka$ikae $issions.

• "heir deaths did not (revent #eneral 7ou!las =acArthur

fro$ retakin! the 'hili((ines or the %nited tates ?avy

fro$ sinkin! )a(anese shi(s.


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AMERICAN FORCES

NEAR JAPAN

• :ne of the fiercest battles in the island5ho((in! ca$(ai!n

took (lace in *ebruary and =arch of 194. :n Iwo )i$a,

the % =arines faced a du!5in deter$ined ene$y. 23,>>>

=aries died in 3; days of fi!htin!. 0ut they were able to

take the island.• "his fa$ous (hoto was take there@


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• "he fi!ht for :kinawa in A(ril 194 was even deadlier.

=ost co$(lex and costly in the entire 'acific ca$(ai!n.

• >,>>> casualties resulted

• =arch 194@ 0529 bo$bers destroyed 1; suare $iles of

"okyo. "he raid killed H3,>>> )a(anese,>>> $ore.


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ATOMIC BOMB

ENDS THE WAR

• "he =anhattan 'roFect

• Albert /instein

• :((enhei$er

•iroshi$a?a!asaki

Documents

World War II: The End