World War II Review

Review: Treaty of Versailles – end of WWIThe main points of

the Treaty [BRAT]  1. Germany had

to accept the Blame for starting the war

2. Germany paid Reparations for the damage done during the war.

Versailles cont. .3. Germany was

forbidden to have submarines or an air force.   She could have a navy of only six battleships, and an Army of just 100,000 men.  

Versailles

4.Germany lost Territory (land) in Europe (see map). Germany’s colonies were given to Britain and France.

Introduction:Most devastating war in

human history55 million dead1 trillion dollars

Began in 1939 as strictly a European Conflict

Widened to include most of the world

How It Began (causes)1. WWI leftovers

Germany defeated in and had to pay cost of war. In huge economic depression

Italy victorious but wanted more territory

Japan victorious but wanted China

2. German Empire reduced size Germany was not happy with its reduction in size. It wanted its land back.

3. U.S. Isolationism

The United States only cared about themselves. -Isolationism: kept to themselves.

4. European Depression: Economy was bad in Europe after World War 1. WWI killed a lot of workers and customers

Pearl HarborDec. 7, 1941

Declaration of WarDay after the attack at Pearl

HarborPresident Roosevelt asked

Congress to declare war on JapanCongress declared war that same

day.Italy and Germany, Japan’s allies,

declared war on the U.S. three days later.

Problems for Japanese AmericansSome military leaders

distrusted Japanese Americans

Were afraid they would help the “enemy”

Roosevelt ordered 110,000 Japanese Americans into “relocation camps”Like prisons, fenced in with

barbed wireSoldiers guarded the camps

with gunsHad to sell their homes,

businesses, and belongings.

Attack on Pearl Harbor

December 7, 1941

the early morning

The first attack occurred at 7:55 a.m.

The second attack followed at 8:54 a.m.

CasualtiesJapan- Less then 100 men

- 29 planes

- 5 midget submarines

United States- 2,335 servicemen killed, 68 civilians killed, 1,178 wounded

- 188 planes

- 18 ships (8 battleships, 3 light cruisers, 3 destroyers, 4 other vessels)

Japanese American Internment Camps

10 Camps in operation from1942-1646

Conditions at the Camps

Japanese Men in WWIILater on into the

war, Americans realized that Japanese-Americans could be used as secret weapons

Japanese speaking individuals translated captured Japanese documents and monitored radio traffic

Long Term Health Consequences

Loss of Japanese culture and language

negative feelings toward Americans

Psychological anguishinmates had a 2.1 greater

risk of cardiovascular diseasealteration of attitudeslow self- esteemsad and angry over the

injusticespressure to assimilate

NAZI Party is Formed• Hitler began to think big

for the German Worker’s Party

• Began placing ads for meetings in anti-Semitic newspapers

• Hitler changed the name to National Socialist German Workers’ Party, or the NAZIS

Party Platform• Hitler drafted a platform

of 25 points• Revoke Versailles Treaty

(which said what?)• Revoke civil rights of

Jews• Take any war

profits

Besides changing the party name, the red flag with the SWASTIKA was adopted as the party symbol

Appeal of Hitler• Germany was in the midst of an economic depression• Hitler was a WW I hero who talked about bringing

glory back to the “Fatherland”• He promised that he would end any communist threat in

Germany• Constantly blamed Jews for Germany’s problems, not

the German people.• Hitler was an excellent public speaker.

Dictator• Dictator: Ruling with

complete control• Enabling Act- In 1933,

all parties were outlawed except the Nazi party

• People’s civil rights were suspended

One people, one rule, one leader

Absolute Power• German economy was

improving, people were happy

• Hitler had no political opposition

• 1st concentration camp opened in 1933

• Began rearming German Army for expansion of the Reich (empire)

The Holocaust: Concentration Camps

Kristallnacht

• Aka The night of broken glass• Pogrom-coordinated attack against Jews.• Carried out by SA stormtroopers and civilians.• German authorities looked on without interfering as

the stormstroopers and civilians broke the windows and destroyed the businesses belonging to Jews.

• The attacks left the streets covered with broken glass from the windows of Jewish-owned stores, buildings, and synagogues

Final Solution• Hitler put his Final Solution to get rid of all Jews

into place – Final Solution: TO GET RID OF ALL OF THE JEWS

• He started forcing them to relocate to ghettos• After Jews were placed in ghettos they were then

relocated to concentration camps• A concentration camp is a place like a prison known

for mistreatment, starvation, forced labor, and murder of its prisoners

How did the Nazi decide who was Jewish?

• At the Wannsee conference it was decided that if one of person’s parents was Jewish, then they were Jewish.

• In 1940, all Jews had to have their passports stamped with the letter ‘J’ and had to wear the yellow Star of David on their jacket or coat.

Types of Concentration Camps

●Labor Camps

●Prisoner of War Camps

●Transit Camps

●Extermination Camps

What tactics did the Nazis use to get the Jews to leave the Ghettos?

Tactics

The Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto were

only fed a 1000 calories a day (they

need 2400).

3. Starvation

The SS publicly shot people for smuggling food or for

any act of resistance

They were told to bring the tools of their

trade and pots and pans.

Hungry people are easier to control

2. Terror

1. Deception

The Jews were told that they were going

to ‘resettlement areas’ in the East.

In some Ghettos the Jews had to purchase their

own train tickets.

New arrivals at the Death camps were

given postcards to send to their friends.

Travel to Concentration Camps

• Travel to concentration camps happened in cattle cars with 50 to 150 people per car. No food or water was provided. A small barred window provided very little air.

• An average train ride took about four and a half days. When the train got to the camps and the doors were opened, many people were already dead. The armed guards shot anyone trying to escape.

Entrance to Auschwitz

Notice how it has been built to resemble a railway station

Selection• Once the cattle cars arrived at a camp, people went

into selection• The old, the young, the sick were sent immediately to

be killed, in the gas chambers. • The rest were to put to work, frequently in the worst

conditions which included the burial of victims in mass graves.

• When you were no longer a good worker you were sent to the gas chambers and killed

• Families were separated from each other and many would never see each other again

The Gas Chambers• The Nazis would force large

groups of prisoners into small cement rooms and drop canisters of poisonous gas through small holes in the roof.

• These gas chambers were sometimes disguised as showers or bathing houses.

The SS would try and pack up to 2000 people into this gas chamber

The Ovens• After being gassed, the

bodies were sent to the furnaces to be cremated

If You Were Selected To Work

• After their heads were shaved and their personal possessions removed, the prisoners were officially registered. Beginning in 1941, this registration consisted of a tattoo.

When did it end?• The Allies advanced from all sides, squeezing the

German troops toward Berlin, the capital of Germany.

• In the process, Allied troops were startled to find the evidence of Nazi atrocities – the camps.

• The camps they found were often evacuated or destroyed, both to remove the prisoners, as well as to hide the evidence of wrongdoing. These evacuations were known as death marches.

What happened to people in concentration camps?

• As the Allies closed in camps were abandoned or taken apart

• People who were in the camps were forced to go on death marches in the middle of the winter

• Thousands froze to death or died because of illness & starvation

“Death March” by Ella Liebermann Shiber

Liberation• Liberation: the freeing of people who have been

imprisoned• The Soviets were the first to discover the camps

during the summer of 1944• The rest of the world refused to believe the Soviet

reports• They marched into Auschwitz on January 27, 1945

and freed the prisoners that still remained• From then on camps continued to be liberated by the

Allies as they came across them

The Aftermath of Liberation• The troops were shocked and disgusted by

everything they saw• Troops made German civilians march through

the camps to see the horrific conditions and the murders that had been committed right under their noses.

• German civilians were forced by the Ally troops to help give victims proper burials

Was the Final Solution successful?

• The Nazis aimed to kill 11 million Jews at the Wannsee Conference in 1941

• Today there are only 2000 Jews living in Poland.

• The Nazis managed to kill at least 6 million Jews.

• Not all Jews went quietly into the gas cambers.

• In 1943, the Warsaw Ghetto, like many others revolted against the Nazis when the Jews realised what was really happening.

Children Search for Families

Girls in children's centers were photographed in an attempt to help locate surviving relatives. Such photographs of both Jewish and non-Jewish children were published in newspapers to facilitate the reunification of families. Germany, after May 1945.

Nuremburg Trails• On October 18, 1945, twenty-two

of Nazi Germany’s major leaders were brought to trial in Nuremberg

• They were charged with crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.

• The end result was that: – Twelve of the defendants were

sentenced to death– three to life imprisonment, – four to imprisonment ranging

from 10 to 20 years– three were acquitted

• Assignment: You will be making flash cards to help yourself study for the exam. You will be working with one other person, and will be testing each other.

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