World War IIWorld War II

Pearl HarborThe Home Front

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

Pearl Harbor from the Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Cockpit of a Japanese

PlanePlane

A date which will live in infamy!A date which will live in infamy!

Pearl Harbor – Dec. 7, Pearl Harbor – Dec. 7, 19411941

FDR Signs the War FDR Signs the War DeclarationDeclaration

USS ArizonaUSS Arizona, Pearl , Pearl HarborHarbor

Pearl Harbor MemorialPearl Harbor Memorial

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

• 7:55 a.m. on Sunday, December 7, 1941

• Japanese launch surprise attack on U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

• 2,345 killed and most of the U.S. Pacific fleet is destroyed or severely damaged– 57 civilians also killed

Pearl HarborPearl HarborHuman Casualties

Killed Wounded

Navy 1,998 710

Marine Corp 109 69

Army 233 364

Civilian 48 35

Ships

Sunk 12

Damaged 9

Aircraft

Destroyed 164

Damaged 159

Declaration of WarDeclaration of War

• December 8, 1941• FDR asks Congress to

declare war on Japan– “Dec 7, 1941 a date

which will live in infamy…”

• December 11, 1941– Germany and Italy,

Japan’s allies, declare war on the U.S.

– U.S. Congress responds by declaring war on Germany and Italy

Axis vs. AlliesAxis vs. Allies

• Allies– Great Britain– France*– China*– Soviet Union – United States

• Axis– Germany– Italy – Japan

The War Time EconomyThe War Time Economy

• The War Production Board – Supervised the

conversion of industries to war production• Auto Companies

began making trucks, jeeps, and tanks• Manufacturing ships,

airplanes, and other war materials

Women Join the Women Join the Workforce Workforce • Millions of American

men joined the armed forces

• Women took their places in the factories producing the materials necessary for the war

Rosie the RiveterRosie the Riveter

•Rosie the Riveter was an imaged used to encourage women to contribute to the war effort by working in the factories

Military Service Military Service

• Selective Service Acts 1940 & 41– More than 15 million Americans

joined the armed forces during the war

• Women begin serving in large numbers– WACs: Women’s Army Corps– WAVES: Women Appointed for

Volunteer Emergency Service– Women did not fight in combat

• Performed clerical tasks • Worked as nurses• Flew aircraft from U.S. to overseas

bases

Paying for the WarPaying for the War• U.S. spent $320,000,000,000 on the war• Most of the money was raised through taxes• The government also borrowed money by

selling bonds

SacrificesSacrifices• Rationing

– Consumers could only buy limited numbers or amounts of certain goods because they were needed to support the war effort

– The government issued ration books to buy certain products

– Examples: • Oil/Gas• Rubber• Tin• Meat• Sugar• butter

• Consumer goods were in short supply because industry was producing goods for the war

Ration BookRation Book

Victory GardensVictory Gardens

• Americans were encouraged to help the war effort by planting vegetable gardens and growing their own food

RecyclingRecycling

African-American African-American ContributionsContributions

• 1,000,000 African Americans served in the U.S. military during the war– Military units were

segregated • The Tuskegee Airmen– 332nd Fighter Group – Shot down more than

200 enemy planes– Dangerous missions

escorting American bombers over Germany

Native Americans Native Americans ContributionContribution

• “The Code Talkers”– Navajo tribe members

who used a special code based on the Navajo language to send messages in the pacific theatre

– Japanese were never able to break the code

Japanese AmericansJapanese Americans• Many Japanese

Americans were feared and hated after Pearl Harbor– People questioned

their loyalty and feared they were spies

• Nisei– Japanese American

citizens born in the United States

Internment CampsInternment Camps• FDR ordered the army

to relocate more than 100,000 Japanese Americans living on the west coast to interment camps in desert areas– Feared a Japanese

attack on the western U.S.

• Many abandoned homes and businesses

• Korematsu v. United States – The Supreme Court ruled

that government was allowed to relocate Japanese Americans

Propaganda Propaganda

• Ideas or information designed and spread to influence opinion

• The government used propaganda to encourage Americans to support the war against the axis powers

ReviewReview