World War II & Nuclear Testing Utah in the 1 st Half of the 20 th Century: 1900-1945 The Big Ideas:...
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World War II & Nuclear Testing Utah in the 1 st Half of the 20 th Century: 1900-1945 The Big Ideas: WWII impacted Utah, and Utahans impacted the course
World War II & Nuclear Testing Utah in the 1 st Half of the
20 th Century: 1900-1945 The Big Ideas: WWII impacted Utah, and
Utahans impacted the course of WWII The Big Ideas: One individual
or groups of individuals can make a difference: for good or for
bad
Slide 2
Utah Man Readings What was the Utah Man? How did this
individual Utahan impact World War II? Colonel Walter T. Stewart-
Air Force pilot from Benjamin Utah 1943 Part of mission to take out
Nazi oil refineries in Romania- (supplied 1/3 rd of all Nazi oil)
Stewart's plane, named "Utah Man," came back with 365 holes in
it.
Slide 3
World War II & Nuclear Testing Utah in the 1 st Half of the
20 th Century: 1900-1945 The Big Ideas: WWII impacted Utah, and
Utahans impacted the course of WWII The Big Ideas: One individual
or groups of individuals can make a difference: for good or for
bad
Slide 4
World War II Basics 101 What years was it? From 1939 to 1945
America involved as of 1941
Slide 5
World War II Basics 101
Slide 6
Slide 7
Sophie Scholl Nazi Youth Movement
Slide 8
Who made a difference? Positive Negative
Slide 9
World War II Basics 101 Blitzkrieg
Slide 10
Who made a difference? Positive Negative
Slide 11
World War II & Nuclear Testing Utah in the 1 st Half of the
20 th Century: 1900-1945 The Big Ideas: WWII impacted Utah, and
Utahans impacted the course of WWII The Big Ideas: One individual
or groups of individuals can make a difference: for good or for
bad
Slide 12
World War II Basics 101 Charles De Gaulle
Slide 13
Resistance Movements & American Resistance before entering
the war Utahans housed British evacuees
Slide 14
Who made a difference? Positive Negative
Slide 15
World War II Basics 101
Slide 16
Slide 17
Slide 18
Slide 19
Who made a difference? Positive Negative
Slide 20
World War II & Nuclear Testing Utah in the 1 st Half of the
20 th Century: 1900-1945 The Big Ideas: WWII impacted Utah, and
Utahans impacted the course of WWII The Big Ideas: One individual
or groups of individuals can make a difference: for good or for
bad
Slide 21
U.S Enters WWII Read pages 237-246 in the Utah History textbook
(including the textboxes and side margins) when finished answer the
following questions in your handout: 1. What countries were the
major Axis Powers? What countries were the Allied Powers? 2. What
happened at Pearl Harbor? 3. List three reasons why Utah was in
such a good position to help the war effort? 4. Explain how
rationing worked? 5. What kinds of items were in short supply
during the war? 6. List some ways in which women helped the war
effort?
Slide 22
Pop Quiz! Get out a blank sheet of paper Name, date, period
Number 1-5 TRUE OR FALSE 1.Germany, Great Britain, & China made
up the Axis powers. 2.During World War II, 1000s of Utahns left
their homes & fought in the armed forces around the world.
3.World War II started with Germany invaded Poland in September
1939. 4.The Utah Man was a heroic pilot who died in World War II.
5.Utahns helped the war effort by sacrificing food & supplies
& planting victory gardens.
Slide 23
Answers Switch paper with neighbor Get out red pen Answers: 1.
Germany, Great Britain, & China made up the Axis powers. FALSE:
Germany, Italy, & Japan made up the Axis powers 2. During World
War II, 1000s of Utahns left their homes & fought in the armed
forces around the world. TRUE (Letter A of ABCs) 3. World War II
started with Germany invaded Poland in September 1939. TRUE (Pearl
Harbor did NOT start the war) 4. The Utah Man was a heroic pilot
who died in World War II. FALSE: The Utah Man was a plane flown by
Colonel Walter Stewart that helped take out Nazi oil refineries
during World War II. 5. Utahns helped the war effort by sacrificing
food & supplies & planting victory gardens. TRUE (Letter D
of ABCs) Put total correct our of 5 & pass up.
Slide 24
World War II Basics 101 What years was it? From 1939 to 1945
What countries were the Axis powers? Germany, Italy, & Japan
What countries were the Allied powers? Great Britain, United
States, China & Soviet Union (USSR) How did the war start?
Germanys invasion of Poland in 1939 How did the United States get
involved in World War II? Attack of Pearl Harbor December 1941
Slide 25
World War II Basics 101 Major Warship types Western Med FRENCH
NAVY Mediterranean ITALIAN NAVY Eastern Med ROYAL NAVY Eastern Med
FRENCH NAVY Mediterranean ALLIED TOTAL Battleships 46419 Carriers
--1-1 Cruisers 10219423 Destroyers 375225365 Submarines 3610610-46
TOTALS 87185498144
Slide 26
World War II Basics 101 French Empire circa 1900
Slide 27
African Nazi Resistance Resistance movements occurred in Nazi
occupied Africa by a variety of means, ranging from
non-cooperation, disinformation and propaganda to hiding crashed
pilots and even to outright warfare and the recapturing of towns.
Resistance movements are sometimes also referred to as "the
underground. In Africa much of the resistance was connected to
anti-colonialism.
Slide 28
World War II Basics 101
Slide 29
GermanySoviet Union est. 850,000 killed, missing or wounded
including 107,000 captured (only 6000 survived the captivity and
returned home to 1955) 900 aircraft (including 274 transports and
165 bombers used as transports) 1,500 tanks 6,000 artillery pieces
Approx. 1,150,000 killed, missing or wounded including 478,741
killed and missing 650,878 wounded and sick 40,000 civilians dead
4,341 tanks 15,728 artillery pieces 2,769 combat aircraft
Slide 30
World War II Basics 101 Why was this battle so important? The
failure of the German Army was nothing short of a disaster. A
complete army group was lost at Stalingrad and 91,000 Germans were
taken prisoner. With such a massive loss of manpower and equipment,
the Germans simply did not have enough manpower to cope with the
Russian advance to Germany when it came. Despite resistance in
parts such as a Kursk they were in retreat on the Eastern Front
from February 1943 on. In his fury, Hitler ordered a days national
mourning in Germany, not for the men lost at the battle, but for
the shame von Paulus had brought on the Wehrmacht and Germany.
Paulus was also stripped of his rank to emphasise Hitlers anger
with him. Hitler commented: The God of War has gone over to the
other side
Slide 31
Who made a difference? Positive Negative
Slide 32
World War II & Nuclear Testing Utah in the 1 st Half of the
20 th Century: 1900-1945 The Big Ideas: WWII impacted Utah, and
Utahans impacted the course of WWII The Big Ideas: One individual
or groups of individuals can make a difference: for good or for
bad
Slide 33
World War II Basics 101
Slide 34
Slide 35
Utah Man
Slide 36
World War II Basics 101
Slide 37
Utahs Candy Bomber
Slide 38
World War II Basics 101 Fire bombing of Japan 1945
Consideration for Land Invasion of Japan JCS estimates: less than
50 days: 400-500 dead. 90 days1,200,000 casualties, Assumed wide
spread Civilian Response: 5-10 million Japanese fatalities.
90,000166,000 killed in Hiroshima[ 60,00080,000 killed in Nagasaki
Total: 150,000246,000+ killed
Slide 39
V-J Day (Victory in Japan) At home in Utah
Slide 40
Slide 41
Who made a difference? Positive Negative
Slide 42
Utah During World War II Do you know your ABCs? A rmed Forces-
1000s of Utahans left their homes & fought in armed forces
around the world B oot Camps & Bases- Utah was an ideal place
for military training C ourageous Women in the Workforce- Rosie the
Riveters helped war production D aily Rationing & Gardening-
Utahans sacrificed food & supplies & planted victory
gardens to help support the war
Slide 43
Readings
Slide 44
Holocaust Definition: Systematic, intentional persecution &
genocide of approximately 6 million European Jews by the Nazi
regime & its collaborators during World War II. Why did this
happen? Hitler & Nazis blamed Jews for Germany loosing in World
War I They believed that Jews were less human than others Told
others that Jews were a racial threat Why does it matter? Loss of
millions of people Learn the dangers of hatred, prejudice, ideas of
superiority Amazing examples of kindness & sacrifice Some
Holocaust survivors in Utah today
Slide 45
Navajo Code Talkers Who: 400-500 Native Americans who served in
the United States Marine Corps What: transmitted secret
communications on the battlefields of WWII Importance: code never
broken Navajo Code Talker from Utah- Samuel Holiday
Slide 46
Break the Code To develop their Type One Code, the original 29
Navajo Code Talkers first came up with a Navajo word for each
letter of the English alphabet. Since they had to memorize all the
words, they used things that were familiar to them, such as kinds
of animals. So we start talking about different things, animals,
sea creatures, birds, eagles, hawks, and all those domestic
animals. Why dont we use those names of different animalsfrom A to
Z. So A, we took a red ant that we live with all the time. B we
took a bear, Yogi the Bear, C a Cat, D a Dog, E an Elk, F, Fox, G,
a goat and so on down the line. Chester Nez, Navajo Code Talker,
National Museum of the American Indian interview, 2004 Here are
some of the words they use: LetterNavajo WordEnglish Word
CMOASHICat DLHA_CHA-EHDog EDZEHElk ITKINIce ONE-AHS-JAHOwl
RGAHRabbit VA-KEH-DI-GLINIVictor See if you can translate the
following coded message: MOASI NE-AHS-JAH LHA- CHA-EH DZEH GAH DZEH
MOASI DZEH TKIN A-KEH-DI-GLINI DZEH LHA-CHA-EH
Slide 47
D-Day What: Massive invasion of Allied powers on beaches of
Northern France (Normandy) to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi
control When: June 6 th 1944 Who: 156,000 American, British, &
Canadian forces Importance: one of the largest amphibious military
assaults in history Code name for one of the five landing sites:
Utah Beach
Slide 48
V-E Day & V-J Day V-E Day: Victory in Europe Day May 8 th
1945 End of War in Europe Utahns & all Americans celebrate,
many come home! V-J Day: Victory in Japan Day August 15 th 1945
After dropping of 2 atomic bombs on Japan End of War in Pacific THE
WAR IS OFFICIALLY OVER!
Slide 49
Internment Camps Relocation and internment by the United States
government in 1942 of about 110,000 Japanese Americans &
Japanese who lived along the Pacific coast. Of those who were
interned, 62% were American citizens. Topaz Relocation Center in
Utah, one of 10 locations in U.S. Impact on Utah: Many men &
women worked at Topaz. Thousands of people relocated there for the
war.
Slide 50
WWII deaths (check out the key)
Slide 51
World War II Links
http://www.history.com/topics/d-day/interactives/inside-
wwii-interactive
http://www.history.com/topics/d-day/interactives/inside-
wwii-interactive http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/
http://amhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/exhibition/flash.ht ml
(click on World War II)
http://amhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/exhibition/flash.ht ml
http://www.earthstation1.com/wwii.html
Slide 52
Nuclear Testing Experiments to discover the strength, &
explosive capability of various nuclear weapons At the Nevada Test
Site- between 1951 & 1992 there were a total of 928 nuclear
tests. 828 of these were underground. During the 1950s, the
mushroom clouds from these tests could be seen for almost 100 miles
in either direction.
Slide 53
Nuclear Testing Video How would you feel if you knew these
tests were going on 100-200 miles away from you? What would be your
reaction? What would you be afraid of?
Slide 54
Nuclear Testings Effect on Utah On May 19, 1953, the United
States government detonated the 32- kiloton atomic bomb (nicknamed
Harry) at the Nevada Test Site. The bomb later gained the name
Dirty Harry because of the huge amount of off-site fallout
generated by the bomb. Winds carried fallout 135 miles to St.
George, where residents reported, an oddly metallic sort of taste
in the air. St. George received the most of the fallout of
above-ground nuclear testing. Increases in cancers such as
leukemia, lymphoma, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, bone
cancer, & brain tumors, were reported from the mid-1950s
through 1980 in Utah.
Slide 55
A 1979 study reported in the New England Journal of Medicine
concluded that: A significant excess of leukemia deaths occurred in
children up to 14 years of age living in Utah between 1959 and
1967. This excess was concentrated in the group of children born
between 1951 and 1958, and was most pronounced in those residing in
counties receiving high fallout. p12
Slide 56
Slide 57
Downwinders Downwinders: individuals and communities who are
exposed to radioactive contamination or nuclear fallout from
atmospheric or underground nuclear weapons testing, and nuclear
accidents. Or in other words: People who live(d) Down Wind from
nuclear testing sites & have suffered health consequences from
the radiation Infertility, blood disorders, genetic effects, birth
defects, cancer, cataracts By January 2006, over 10,500 claims had
been approved, and around 3,000 denied, for a total amount of over
$525 million in compensation dispensed to downwinders
Slide 58
Journal Write Pretend a member of your family was affected by
the nuclear testing in Nevada and has many unexplainable health
problems. Many call your family member a, downwinder. Write a
letter to the United States government and express your concern and
alarm about nuclear testing and what you think they should do to
fix the problem and help your family. (4 sentences at least)