World War II

Unit Test Review

Chapter 26

Sections 1-5

Event that led Great Britain & France to declare war on Germany and began World War II

Germany invaded Poland

Leader in Italy during World War II

Benito Mussolini

Leader in Germany during World War II

Adolph Hitler

Dictator in Japan during World War II

Hideki Tojo

Leader in Soviet Union during World War II

Joseph Stalin

Reason U.S. was drawn into the war

attack on Pearl Harbor

Countries that declared war on U.S. after attack on Pearl Harbor

Germany & Italy

Reason Japanese Americans were interned

Americans worried of threat to national security

Reason World War II helped end the Great Depression

U.S. factory production of military goods created jobs

Reason Dictators gained support in Germany and Italy

effects of World War I and Great Depression had economies in ruin; people suffering believed dictators

1938: 'Peace in our time' - Neville Chamberlain

Appeasement = meeting demands of a hostile power to avoid war

What’s wrong with his statement?

Blitzkrieg means

Lightning War = German war tactic based on speed and surprise; needed a military force to be based around light tank units supported by planes and infantry (foot soldiers).

Reason Japan attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor

U.S. Navy blocked Japanese expansion

Home Front: Americans supported the war effort through….

-Production

-Investment

-Rationing

*USO (gave support to the men and women in service)

There were changes for these groups….

Women

African Americans

Braceros

Japanese Americans

Important things to remember about D-Day:

-Puts Germany on defensive retreating across Europe

-June 6, 1944

-largest land, sea, air operation

-invasion of Normandy, France

-code-named Operation Overlord

-Hitler’s Atlantic Wall fell & beaches secured in less than one day

The Battle of the Bulge

-Hitler’s final assault

-created bulge in Allied forces line of defense

Important things to remember about Battle of Stalingrad:

Stalingrad: Soviet City

-Turning Point of War –puts Germany on defensive

-German army starved & froze due to harsh winter

-Germans forced to surrender after 6 month battle

Important things to remember about Holocaust / genocide / anti-Semitism:

Holocaust:-Nazi crime killing 6 mil Jews & 5 mil others-Hitler persecuted Jews w/ anti-Jewish laws, boycotting

businesses, driving them out of Germany-Jews deported to ghettos-Hitler killed entire Jewish communitiesGenocide:-destruction of national, ethnic, religious groupAnti-Semitism:-prejudice against Jews

Final Solution

Hitler’s plan to murder every Jew under German rule

Germans built Concentration/Death Camps in order to carry this out.

V-E Day

May 8, 1945

Victory in Europe Day

(end of World War II in Europe)

Axis

Germany

Italy

Japan

Allies

United States

Great Britain

Soviet Union

(France)

the “Big Three” the Yalta Conference

* Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin.

*plan what was going to happen in Europe after the war.

Pacific War Events

Bataan Death March

Philippine Islands

U.S. troops surrendered & endured brutal march over 65 miles to a prison camp; about

10,000 died along the way

Importance of Midway:

-turning point of Pacific War

-Midway Island is NW of Hawaii

–important for U.S. to control because of close location to Hawaii & U.S.

mainland

Importance of Coral Sea:

to prevent Japanese from advancing into Australia

Importance of Guadalcanal:

-U.S. gained first major land victory with the help of the

Navajo Code Talkers

Iwo Jima

-a final Pacific battle w/ heavy casualties

-raising of U.S. flag on Mt. Surabachi

-symbol of American strength and determination

Island Hopping

-strategy of U.S. to invade islands less defended by

Japanese

-could use captured islands then to stage further attacks

Code Talkers

-Navajos serving U.S. military transmitting messages to

keep Japanese from breaking American codes

Kamikazes

-Japanese suicide pilots

-planes filled w/ explosives then crash into Allied

warships

President Roosevelt dies, April, 1945…Who succeeded him?

Harry S. Truman

Manhattan Project

-U.S. top-secret program to build atomic bomb

B-29 Bomber

-plane designed especially to carry atomic bomb

Enola Gay

-Name of B-29 Bomber plane that dropped 1st ‘a’ bomb

-named by Col. Tibbets (pilot) after his mother

Little Boy

-1st atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima

Aug. 6, 1945

Fat Man

-2nd atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki

Aug. 9, 1945

J. Robert Oppenheimer

-chief physicist on research for Manhattan project

Dr. Klaus Fuchs

-Soviet spy –gave info. on Manhattan project to Soviets

Plutonium / Uranium

-materials needed to make ‘atomic’ bomb

Important Dates to Remember:

Attack on Pearl HarborDec. 7, 1941

D-DayJune 6, 1944

V-E DayMay 8, 1945

End of WWIISept. 2, 1945

Nuremburg Trials

Nazi officials put on trial for crimes against humanity for their part in the murder of millions of Jews and others.

These trials helped to uphold the idea that people are responsible for their actions, even in wartime.

Marshall Plan

gave billions of dollars in aid to Europe to help in their economic recovery after the war to ensure stability

United Nations

created after WWII

international peacekeeping organization

replaced the League of Nations