World War II and the Struggle for Rights Slide 2 Standards
SS8H10 The student will evaluate key post-World War II developments
of Georgia from 1945 to 1970. a. Analyze the impact of the
transformation of agriculture on Georgias growth. b. Explain how
the development of Atlanta, including the roles of mayors William
B. Hartsfield and Ivan Allen, Jr., and major league sports,
contributed to the growth of Georgia. c. Discuss the impact of
Ellis Arnall. Slide 3 GA Performance Standards SSH8, SSH9, SS8E1,
SSE2a Social/Political Impact of WWII Slide 4 Essential Questions
1. What events led to WWII and U.S. involvement? 2. How did U.S.
involvement determine the outcome of WWII? 3. What was the social,
political and economic impact of WWII in Georgia? Slide 5 World War
II Resulted from the growth and combination of two regional
conflicts in Europe and East Asia Germany and Japan wanted to
expand their borders In order to do so, they had to conquer other
countries Lasted from 1939 to 1945 Slide 6 World War II Allied
Powers Axis Powers Britain France Soviet Union United States
Germany Italy Japan Slide 7 World War II Two major events that led
to the United States getting involved The Holocaust Nazi Germanys
systematic killing of Jews, Gypsies, communists, intellectuals, and
political dissenters; ended in 1945 Japan bombing Pearl Harbor on
December 7, 1941; this attack led to the U.S. entrance into World
War II Slide 8 U.S. Involvement Followed isolationism policy in
which it kept itself politically and militarily apart from the rest
of the world Franklin D. Roosevelt was President of the U.S. during
World War II Develop the Lend-Lease Act; the U.S. would sell
weapons to its allies Slide 9 Georgia during World War II GA was
mainly an agricultural state The U.S. involvement in the war
brought economic opportunities to Georgia Georgia played a
significant role in the war effort Carl Vinson, Richard B. Russel,
Jr., and President Franklin D. Roosevelt shaped Georgias experience
during the war Slide 10 Congressman Carl Vinson Helped build the
U.S. Navy in the years leading up to World War II Many of the ships
were built in Savannah and Brunswick Created jobs for Georgians
A.k.a Admiral to his peers Slide 11 Richard B. Russel, Jr. A
senator that helped build up the U. S. military before WWII Helped
to bring over a dozen military bases to Georgia Became an expert in
military strategy Slide 12 President Franklin D. Roosevelt Spent a
lot of time in Warm Springs, GA in hopes of curing his Polio; died
there in 1945 His close relationship with GA led to the building of
the Bell Aircraft plant in Marietta Slide 13 Summary Questions 1.
What two events led the United States to join the fight in World
War II? 2. What company did President Roosevelt help bring to
Georgia? 3. What idea did Roosevelt have in regards to supplying
allies with weapons? 4. Who greatly increased the size of the U.S.
Navy before World War II? 5. Who brought many military bases and
war time factories to Georgia? 6. How did World War II change
Georgias economy? Slide 14 World War II made Georgia change from a
farming state to an industrial state. Before and during the war
many factories that built aircraft, weapons, uniforms, and ships
were opened in Georgia which provided many jobs. After World War II
was over, that industrial trend continued in Georgia, especially
Atlanta. Slide 15 William B. Hartsfield (1937 - 1961) Served as
mayor of Atlanta longer than any other mayor in the citys history
Atlantas population multiplied by 10 times The Atlanta Airport was
later named in his honor Slide 16 Ivan Allen, Jr. Served as mayor
of Atlanta from 1962 1970 He was the only politician in the South
at that time to support Civil Rights Known for bringing
professional sports teams to Atlanta Slide 17 Ellis Arnall Served
as governor of GA from 1943 1947 allowed African Americans to vote
in white primary elections Was appointed attorney general of GA at
the age of 31 (the youngest in the country) Was defeated by
Talmadge Worked to bring progressive reform to the state Slide 18
Summary Questions 1. What event made Georgia change from an
agricultural state to an industrial state? 2. Who is Atlantas
airport named after? 3. What mayor brought the Braves to Atlanta?
4. Who owns the Atlanta Falcons? 5. Where do the Hawks and
Thrashers play their home games? 6. Who defeated Ellis Arnall and
became Georgias Governor in 1946? Slide 19 From its founding in
1733 until 1865, Georgia was dependent on slavery for the economic
stability of the state. Change came slowly to the state. In the
1940s and 1950s, Georgia saw a great deal of social change. These
changes set the stage for the modern civil rights movement Slide 20
Reverend Dr. Benjamin E. Mays A distinguished African American
minister, educator, scholar, and social activist Best known as the
president of Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia Slide 21 Civil
Rights Movement Herman Talmadge was governor of GA from 1948 1951
Resisted the desegregation of public schools Started 1 st sales tax
in the state; used money to improve the public school system Served
four terms as Senator Slide 22 Brown v. Board of Education In 1954,
the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against the Board of Education of
Topeka, Kansas The court ruled that schools must be desegregated
Supreme Court decided that segregation denied equal opportunity to
all groups in the U.S. Took many years for segregation and
discrimination to end Slide 23 1956 Georgia Flag In 1955, GAs
Democratic Party Leader, John Sammons Bell, raised the issue of
changing the state flag Wanted the new flag to contain the
Confederate battle flags symbols of stars and bars The General
Assembly of Georgia voted to change Georgia state flag in 1956
Slide 24 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. A principal leader of the U.
S. civil rights movement A clergyman and an advocate of nonviolent
protest Entered Morehouse College at the age of 15 Was instrumental
in the social and political advancement of African Americans Career
in the civil rights movement began in December of 1955 after the
arrest of Rosa Parks In April 1968, Dr. King was assassinated in
Memphis, Tennessee Slide 25 Summary Questions 1. Why was the
Georgia flag changed in 1956? (to include what) 2. Who influenced
and helped shape the ideas of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.? 3. After
serving a governor, Herman Talmadge served four terms as what? 4.
What brought about change in the way children are educated in the
U. S.? Slide 26 Even though the U.S. Congress had passed laws that
protested civil rights in 1964 and 1965, the struggle for civil
rights continued well into the 1970s. Slide 27 The SNCC The Student
Nonviolent Coordination Committee or SNCC (called Snick) was one of
the main groups fighting for civil rights in the 1970s Formed in
April 1960 after meeting Ella Baker, the executive secretary of the
Southern Christian Leadership Conference Helped planned the 1963
March on Washington Slide 28 Sibley Commission A.k.a the General
Assembly Committee on Schools Formed in 1960 Used to survey how
Georgians felt about desegregation of schools; it slowed the
process Desegregation of schools began in GA in the late 1960s
Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter were the first African
American students to go to the UGA (in 1961) Slide 29 Albany
Movement The goal of the Albany Movement was to desegregate the
Albany, Georgia region Began in 1961 Slide 30 Civil Rights Act
Goals from March on Washington came together in the Civil Rights
Act of 1964 Guaranteed equal voting rights, prohibited segregation
in public places, banned segregation by trade unions, schools, and
employers that were involved in interstate commerce or do business
with the federal govt, called for the desegregation of public
schools, and assured nondiscrimination in the distribution of
federal funds In 1972, an amendment called the Equal Employment
Opportunity was added to this law, to extend protection against
discrimination to women in the work place. BrainPop Civil Rights
Slide 31 Lester Maddox Became the governor of GA in 1967 Governor
of GA during the March on Washington Strongly supported segregation
Slide 32 African Americans in Office Maynard Jackson Elected mayor
of Atlanta in 1973 1 st African American mayor of a major southern
city Mayor from 1974 to 1982 and was elected again in 1990 Andrew
Young An aide to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Executive director of
the SCLC In 1972, won GAs Fifth District seat in the U.S. House of
Representatives 1 st African American from GA to be elected to
Congress since the 1860s Slide 33 The state of Georgia has had many
important political, economic, and social developments since 1970.
Many of these changes began at the end of the county unit system.
Slide 34 County Unit System Started in GA in 1917 GA used this
system from 1917 1962 Became legal when the Neil Primary Act was
passed Before 1962 GA did not allow each individual to cast a vote
The winner of the popular vote in each county received the unit
votes for that county The system was declared unconstitutional in
1962 and was ended by the Supreme Court Slide 35 County Unit System
Kept segregation going in Georgia When it ended, it gave African
Americans equal voting rights Carl Sanders was the first governor
of Georgia to be elected by popular vote Slide 36 Carter did not
approve of the segregation laws throughout the South. These views
have shaped many of his policies and actions during his life. Slide
37 Jimmy Carter James Earl Carter Born October 1, 1924 in Plains,
GA Served in the navy from 1946 - 1953 Elected to the GA Senate in
1962 and in 1964 Won race for Governor in 1970 Slide 38 President
Jimmy Carter Won the presidential election in 1976 Significant Fact
He was the only person from GA to serve as President of the United
States Two Positive Things Signed a peace treaty between Egypt and
Israel Signed the Panama Canal Treaty Two Negative Things Poor
economy Iranian Hostage Crisis Slide 39 Life after presidency In
October 2002, he received the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to
find peaceful solutions to problems around the world In 1999,
President Clinton awarded him the highest civilian honor in the
United States, the Presidential Medal of Freedom Slide 40 From the
early 1900s until the early 1970s, Georgia could be considered a
one-party state. Slide 41 GAs Two-Party System Considered a one
party state b/c politics were controlled by the predominately white
Democratic Party A one-party system allows only one political party
to have political power Slide 42 Political Developments Since 1970
Voting Rights Act of 1965 encouraged many blacks to vote Julian
Bond, an African American civil rights leader, won a seat in the GA
state legislature in 1965 Maynard Jackson became the first black
mayor of a large southern city, or Atlanta; in 1973; served 3 terms
African Americans organized the Georgia Legislative Black Caucus in
1975; to help African Americans legislators make changes Slide 43
African American leaders Calvin Smyre appointed as the assistant
floor leader in 1983; became floor leader in 1986 Gene Walker
elected as the Senate majority whip in 1989 Bob Holmes appointed to
the House Budget subcommittee in 1990 Al Scott Commissioner of
Labor; 1 st African American to hold a statewide constitutional
office Slide 44 Georgias Political Changes Affect the Economy
Farming is still important, more industry has come to the urban
areas of the state Georgias leading manufactured goods are now
chemicals, food products, textiles, and transportation equipment
Slide 45 Social Developments Since 1970 Public Transportation
systems in the state improved Education improved Racial equality
improved Public housing improved More African American voters
registered for the first time Slide 46 Slide 47 1996 Olympic Summer
Games Came to Georgia in 1996 Idea started with Billy Payne, an
Atlanta lawyer 9 years earlier Andrew Young, mayor of Atlanta at
the time Two things that impressed the Olympic committee Georgias
mild climate The citys history as a center of the United States
civil rights struggle in the 1960s Slide 48 1996 Olympic Summer
Games Federal government paid to replace sidewalks, put up street
signs, and plant trees to make the Olympic sites more beautiful
Cost the country millions of dollars Streets and highways had to be
fixed and enlarged to handle all the traffic that would come to
town during the 17 days of the Olympics More than 72 million
visitors Games were held in Savannah, Columbus, Athens,
Gainesville, and Cleveland Slide 49 1996 Olympic Summer Games
Atlanta continues to host sporting events today Housing was
improved in Downtown Atlanta Slide 50 Immigrants Coming to Georgia
Immigrant is a person that moves to another country to stay In 1965
a larger number of immigrants moved to the United States For better
jobs and homes Most came from Mexico Mostly worked in agriculture
in Georgia Mostly worked in textile mills in Dalton, GA Main
concern of the U.S. government is the abundance of immigrants
coming illegally. Slide 51 Immigrants Coming to Georgia The
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 created penalties, or
punishments, for companies that hire illegal immigrants
