1935 Hitler announced that Germany will no longer follow the Treaty of Versailles

Great Britain and France condemn Germany for doing this

March 1936, Hitler orders troops to occupy the Rhineland

This was against the Versailles Treaty • The French did nothing, The British urged

appeasement October 1936, Italy and Germany create

the Rome-Berlin Axis in which all other nations revolve

Germany also made an agreement with Japan

League of Nations did nothing

Hitler believes Germany needs to expand to unite all German speaking people

Hitler united Austria and Germany (Against Versailles)

Many fear Hitler would take more territory

War seemed unavoidable Munich Conference 1938

• Allow Hitler to take Sudetenland in (Czechoslovakia)-

• Hitler will not take any more land-

British PM Neville Chamberlain -“Achieved peace for our time”

1938 Hitler sends in Army to preserve order in Austria

April 1939 Hitler announces plans to take the Polish Corridor• Britain and France realize

that appeasement is no longer possible

August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union sign a non-aggression pact• Not to fight if the other

went to war• Divide Poland

Hitler set up a phony raid against a German radio station

Has an excuse to invade Poland

In a matter of days, Poland lost their air force, army, telegraph lines

This sudden, massive attack was called Blitzkrieg- lightening war

September 3 1939, Great Britain and France declare war on Germany

Not ready to fight, begin to mobilize for war

Hitler forced the Hitler forced the French to surrender French to surrender in the same railroad in the same railroad car that the armistice car that the armistice ending World War I ending World War I was signedwas signedUnderground Underground freedom fighters led freedom fighters led by Gen. Charles de by Gen. Charles de Gaulle consistently Gaulle consistently sabotage the Nazis sabotage the Nazis for the rest of the for the rest of the warwar

Neville Chamberlain Neville Chamberlain forced to resign as Prime forced to resign as Prime Minister Minister Winston Churchill who Winston Churchill who advocated force against advocated force against Germany long ago was Germany long ago was new P.M.new P.M.Hitler plan’s invasion of Hitler plan’s invasion of Great BritainGreat BritainFirst sends his Luftwaffe First sends his Luftwaffe bombers to weaken bombers to weaken British defensesBritish defensesThe British had two secret The British had two secret weapons, new technologyweapons, new technology– RadarRadar– decoding machine decoding machine

called the “Ultra”called the “Ultra”

July 1940, next 6 months July 1940, next 6 months large air force battles large air force battles over Great Britainover Great BritainHitler hopes to break the Hitler hopes to break the will of the British to fightwill of the British to fightRAF fighters fought with RAF fighters fought with courage courage Churchill inspires British inspires British to Continue the fightto Continue the fightHitler orders theHitler orders the bombing of the city of of the city of London, EnglandLondon, England– 300-600 civilians killed 300-600 civilians killed

per day, 1,000-3,000 per day, 1,000-3,000 injured per dayinjured per day

Hitler gives up his ideas Hitler gives up his ideas of invading Great Britainof invading Great Britain

Americans wanted to stay out of war 1935,1937 pass neutrality acts-illegal to sell arms or

lend money to nations at war 1939 President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) in a

fireside chat convinced American people American safety depends on Britain's well being

congress to allow sale of weapons on a cash and carry policy

1940 pass selective service act, first peacetime draft in U.S.

March 1941 Roosevelt got Congress to approve a lend-lease policy to countries vital to American interests

Summer 1941 Germans were sinking too many British Merchant ships

US extends it patrol into a neutral waters but German subs patrol these waters

German subs begin to attack US military ships

By fall 1941 US armed its merchant ships and escorting British across the Atlantic Ocean

Relations between the US and Japan were falling apart

Japan continued to claim South Pacific island nations including US controlled Philippines

FDR also wanted to limit Japan’s power to control China

July 1941, FDR banned the shipment of fuel, iron, steel to Japan

Japan new Oil was next Japanese Ambassador sent to US

to negotiate with Sec of State Cordell Hull• Japan wants to take Dutch East Indies

Resources (Oil)• US wants Japan to stop expanding

Japanese feel war was inevitable to achieve their goals

Americans intercepted coded messages about an attack in Dec.

Japan decides to attack the US Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor

The plan was to declare war than attack minutes later The message was delayed in translation and arrives 50

minutes late The US was unprepared for war Japan believed a quick defeat and their German alliance

would render the US powerless against the Japanese Sunday December 7, 1941 Japanese Bombers Attack

the US naval base in Hawaii Destroy 19 ships, Kill over 2,400 people US Declares War on Japan

Thousands of people across the country volunteer for the military

Banks froze assets and stores refused to sell goods to Japanese Americans (Nisei)

1942, FDR gives Executive order #9066 remove all threats to country

110,000 Japanese Americans sent to internment camps (Upheld twice by the Supreme Court)

Lost all of their property Camps were 25 feet long

barracks (Cots, Blankets and straw filled mattresses) expected to create farms to feed selves

By 1943 if passed loyalty review they could go home (nothing)

By 1944 camps were empty

Govt. gave millions of dollars to improve new production and build more plants

($320 Billion, built over 300,000 aircraft, 88,140 tanks, 86,000 warships

Office of Price Administration OPA- Control prices and inflation

War productions board- WPB-and War Labor Board WLB planned production of supplies and labor issues

1942 Revenue act everyone making over $645 /year a “Victory Tax”

National debt rose from $40 Bill. to $260 Bill.

Movie Stars advertise selling of war bonds

Selective service act men ages 22-44 eligible later ages18-38 required to serve until war is over

Women expected to work in factories - paid less and reminded only temporary job• Children left at home to care for

selves Many African Americans find

jobs in factories Form Congress of Racial

Equality (CORE)-use non-violent protests to integrate public facilities limited success

Gen Benjamin O. Davis creates all black air corp. squad

Racism still existed 25,000 native American

served many used as code talkers -Navaho Indians communicated over radio to send un-coded messages

April 1942 James Doolittle led a bombing raid of Tokyo, Japan as a revenge of Pearl Harbor Attack

Battle of Coral Sea–Naval Battle-Used “Magic“ decoding machines to warn of attack

Ended Japanese movement south

Battle of Midway Island was the turning point June 3, 1942

Surprise attack on Japanese carrier fleet refueling planes

led by Adm. Chester W. Nimitz

Japan lost 322 planes and 4 aircraft carriers, plus other ships

Damages Japan’s ability to fight

After Midway, the allies began “island hopping” campaign

Guadalcanal, Guam, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, etc.

November 1942 Allies invade North Africa

By 1943 momentum turned to favor the Allies

July 9, 1943 naval bombardment of Sicily

Battle lasted 39 days and the allies took the island of Sicily

Italians stunned by the defeat, capture and arrest Mussolini

Interactive Map

American Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower planned the invasion

2 million British, Canadian and American soldiers

another million in sea and air support

Plan to attack Normandy in France

D-Day was June 6, 1944 Fleet of 5,300 ships After midnight 13,000

airborne troops parachute into France

In morning, thousands of seaborn soldiers land on the beaches of Normandy

Interactive Map

Feb 1945- Wary of Soviet territorial and political goals, “Big Three” Winston Churchill, FDR, Joseph Stalin meet

Agree;1. Soviet would wage

war on Japan after Germany defeated

2. Create a United Nations

3. Divide Germany into 4 Zones

4. Allow Stalin to help rebuild Eastern Europe

With a two front invasion to Berlin

Battle of the Bulge- Dec. 1944 Germanys last effort send entire army to surprise and split US forces in Arden Forest

Americans broke the siege of Bastogne and continue to Berlin

April 30, 1945 Hitler killed himself

May 2, 1945 Germany surrendered to the Soviets, V-E Day

President Franklyn D. Roosevelt dies in office, April 1945

Vice President Harry Truman becomes president

At Potsdam Conference Truman warns Japan to surrender or face “complete destruction”

By mid 1945, War in Europe is over US puts entire effort into defeating Japan

Most of Japan’s air force and navy destroyed

Still had an army of 2 million men

Kamikaze pilots show the determination of Japan’s will to fight

Japanese will fight to their death for honor

August 6, 1945 American B-29 bomber “Enola Gay” drops worlds first Atomic Bomb (Little Boy) on Hiroshima• Bomb flattens four mile

area killing more than 70,000 people

• More will die later from radiation poisoning

Aug 8 Soviet Union declares war on Japan

Aug 9, US drops another A-bomb (Fat Man) on Nagasaki (40,000 people Killed)

Aug 10 Emperor Hirohito surrenders

September 2, 1945, Peace treaty signed on deck of USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay- V-J Day