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World War I Political Cartoon Analysis
Standards Alignment Cartoon Analysis Guide
Persuasive Techniques Evaluation Cartoon Analysis Sheets with Images
Standards Alignment • California State Standards for Grade 10 • 10.5 Students analyze the causes and course of the First World War.
– Analyze the arguments for entering into war presented by leaders from all sides of the Great War and the role of political and economic rivalries, ethnic and ideological conflicts, domestic discontent and disorder, and propaganda and nationalism in mobilizing the civilian population in support of “total war.”
– Examine the principal theaters of battle, major turning points, and the importance of geographic factors in military decisions and outcomes (e.g., topography, waterways, distance, climate).
– Explain how the Russian Revolution and the entry of the United States affected the course and outcome of the war. – Understand the nature of the war and its human costs (military and civilian) on all sides of the conflict, including how colonial
peoples contributed to the war effort. • 10.6 Students analyze the effects of the First World War.
– Understand the widespread disillusionment with prewar institutions, authorities, and values that resulted in a void that was later filled by totalitarians.
– Discuss the influence of World War I on literature, art, and intellectual life in the West (e.g., Pablo Picasso, the “lost generation” of Gertrude Stein, Ernest Hemingway).
• Common Core Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social Science for Grades 9 & 10 Students:
– RH 1 - Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, attending to such features as the date and origin of the information.
– RH 2 - Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary of how key events or ideas develop over the course of the text.
– RH 3 - Analyze in detail a series of events described in a text; determine whether earlier events caused later ones or simply preceded them.
– RH 4 - Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including vocabulary describing political, social, or economic aspects of history/social studies.
– RH 5 - Analyze how a text uses structure to emphasize key points or advance an explanation or analysis. – RH 6 - Compare the point of view of two or more authors for how they treat the same or similar topics, including which details
they include and emphasize in their respective accounts. – RH 8 - Assess the extent to which the reasoning and evidence in a text support the author’s claims. – RH 9 - Compare and contrast treatments of the same topic in several primary and secondary sources.
• Common Core Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Science for Grades 9 & 10 Students: • WHST 1 - Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content.
– a. Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among the claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.
– c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims.
– e. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from or supports the argument presented. • WHST 2 - Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or
technical processes. – a. Introduce a topic and organize ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include
formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension. – d. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic and convey a style appropriate
to the discipline and context as well as to the expertise of likely readers. – f. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented (e.g.,
articulating implications or the significance of the topic). • WHST 4 - Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and
audience. • WHST 7 - Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve
a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.
• WHST 8 - Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.
• WHST 9 - Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
Cartoon Analysis Guide
Symbolism
Cartoonists use simple objects, or symbols, to stand for larger concepts or ideas. After you identify the symbols in a cartoon, think about what the cartoonist intends each symbol to stand for.
Exaggeration
Sometimes cartoonists overdo, or exaggerate, the physical characteristics of people or things in order to make a point. When you study a cartoon, look for any characteristics that seem overdone or overblown. (Facial characteristics and clothing are some of the most commonly exaggerated characteristics.) Then, try to decide what point the cartoonist was trying to make through exaggeration.
Labeling
Cartoonists often label objects or people to make it clear exactly what they stand for. Watch out for the different labels that appear in a cartoon, and ask yourself why the cartoonist chose to label that particular person or object. Does the label make the meaning of the object more clear?
Analogy
An analogy is a comparison between two unlike things that share some characteristics. By comparing a complex issue or situation with a more familiar one, cartoonists can help their readers see it in a different light. After you’ve studied a cartoon for a while, try to decide what the cartoon’s main analogy is. What two situations does the cartoon compare? Once you understand the main analogy, decide if this comparison makes the cartoonist’s point more clear to you.
Irony
Irony is the difference between the ways things are and the way things should be, or the way things are expected to be. Cartoonists often use irony to express their opinion on an issue. When you look at a cartoon, see if you can find any irony in the situation the cartoon depicts. If you can, think about what point the irony might be intended to emphasize. Does the irony help the cartoonist express his or her opinion more effectively?
Persuasive Techniques Evaluation Once you’ve identified the persuasive techniques that the cartoonist used, ask yourself these questions:
What issue is this political
cartoon about?
What do you think is the cartoonist’s
opinion on this issue?
What other opinion can you imagine
another person having on this issue?
Did you find the cartoon persuasive? Why or why
not?
What other techniques could the cartoonist
have used to make his
cartoon more persuasive?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
Level 1
•Visual •List the objects or people.
•Words •Identify the caption and/or title.
•Locate 3 words/phrases used to identify objects/people within the cartoon
Level 2
•Visuals •Which of the objects are symbols?
•What do you think each symbol means?
•Words •Which words/phrases seem important? Why?
•List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed
Level 3
•Describe the actions taking place in the cartoon.
•Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.
•Explain the message of the cartoon.
•What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why?
