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World War I
Chapter 10
Crazy Absurd assignment
• WWI in Pictures• Groups of 3-4• Develop a Magazine with brief descriptions• Mainly Pictures• YES YOU MUST HAVE AN MLA
WORKS CITED FOR ALL YOUR PICTURES
• Due 11/8 blue 11/9 gold
Bell-Ringer
• Bellringer –Objectives– Identify the causes of WWI– Describe the course and character of the war– Explain why the US entered the conflict on the side
of the allies
Watch this first
Nationalism & Competition• Why would nationalism affect the feelings of
Americans at the beginning of World War I?
Americans were from all over the world and would show allegiance to their home
country.
Nationalism & Competition
• Many Europeans believed different ethnic groups should become a single group
• Social Darwinism
• Weakened old empires (Ottoman & Austria-Hungary)– Serbia challenged Austria-
Hungary
• Economy, industrial output, trade, and possessions measured the greatness
Alsace-Lorraine
Militarism
Germany 1.9 million 17
Austria-Hungary 500,000 3
Russia 1.4 million 4
France 1.3 million 10
Britain 175,000 29
United States 100,000 10
Military strength 1914 Troops Warships
Huge increase in arms and standing armies = ARMS RACEMachine guns, mobile artillery, tanks, planes, and subs
Please see page 286 to get a grip on all the weapons and
their force
Alliances
• Austrian-Hungarian Empire controlled several ethnic groups.
• Serbian nationalists wanted to untie Serbs who lived in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire with Serbia.
• This led to the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
The Black Hand..• The main objective of
the Black Hand was the creation, by means of violence, of a Greater Serbia.
• Its stated aim was: "To realize the national ideal, the unification of all Serbs. This organization prefers terrorist action to cultural activities; it will therefore remain secret."
The spark that lit the fuse….
• The one event that started the Great War happened in the Balkans.
• The Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria) was assassinated while visiting Serbia.
• The Black Hand was responsible….
1. June 28Assassination at Sarajevo
2. July 28Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
3. July 30Russia began mobilization
4. August 1Germany declared war on Russia
Alliances – The Fighting BeginsGerman Kaiser William II assures Austria-Hungary they have their back
5. August 3Germany declared war on France
6. August 3Great Britain declared war on Germany
7. August 6Russia and Austria/Hungary at war.
8. August 12Great Britain declared war on Austria/Hungary
Alliances
The Domino Effect
AlliancesAllied PowersAllied PowersAllied PowersAllied Powers
Great Britain
France
Russia
Italy
Central Central PowersPowersCentral Central PowersPowers
Germany
Austrian-Hungarian Empire
Turkey
Kaiser William II
“You will be home before the leaves have fallen from the trees!!”
The Fighting Begins
• After a fast start the Germans were within 30 miles of Paris France – The Capital
• Britain and France stopped them near the Marne River
• Germans kill thousands with artillery & machine guns
• What to do?– Build Trenches… 1000s of miles of trenches
• The Western Front would be where the war was won.
• William II promised a quick victory – oops– Defensive weapons were better than the offensive ones
– Offense was like the Chiefs (2009) futile
– Led to a stalemate
Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
Just in case
Trench Warfare• Trench Foot
• Rats
• Lice
• Poison gas
• Snipers
• In between – “No man’s Land”
• Casualties– In one day Britain lost
60,000
US Neutrality• Melting pot has divided loyalties
• Most sided with Britain and France
• German invasion of Belgium swayed most– Isolationists – none of our business
– Interventionists – help the allies
– Internationalists – work for world peace
• American Businesses benefited from warring nations– Both sides
Wilson prepares for War
Preparedness Movement
Ties to Great Britain led to development of National Security League – promote patriotic education & national sentiment & service among people of the US. Setup training camps & expanded armed forces.
Peace Movement
Advocates – former populists, Midwest progressives, & social reformers
Women like Jane Austin were very active
Congress made sure the public understood war was expensive. Wanted to place taxes on arms makers & increase income taxes to pay for preparation.
Why the U.S. could not stay neutralSinking of the Lusitania
–Germany promises not to do it again
The Zimmerman Note
The Russian Revolution–With no one to fight in the east, Germany can focus on the Western Front
The sinking of 3 Merchant Ships
–After sinking a French ship, Germany sinks three ships related to US territory
X
Sussex Sunk: led to Sussex Pledge in March
1916. Germany promised not to sink
anymore ships.
Berlin, January 19, 1917Berlin, January 19, 1917 On the first of FebruaryFebruary we intend to begin unrestricted submarine warfareunrestricted submarine warfare. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutralneutral the United States of America.
If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliancealliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizonaterritory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The details are left to you for settlement....
You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain that there will be an outbreak of war with
with the United States and suggest that the President of Mexico, on his own initiative, should communicate with Japan suggesting adherence at once to this plan;
at the same time, offer to mediate between Germany and Japan. Please call to the
attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to make
peace in a few months.
Zimmerman (Secretary of State) Zimmerman (Secretary of State)
Qiukcly in yuor ntoes
1. Identify and explain the causes of WWI
• Describe the course and character of the war
• Explain why the US entered the conflict on the side of the allies
Chapter 10 WWI
Section 2
Objectives
• Analyze how the American government mobilized the public to support the war.
• Describe the opposition to the war.
• Outline significant social changes that occurred during the war.
Back Home• America Mobilizes
– Build an Army• Selective Service Act (9.6 million enlisted and assigned)
• 24 million Entered only 2.8 actually drafted
– War Economy• WIB – regulated all wartime industries (Bernard Baruch)
• Economy Boomed (Why?)
• Herbert Hoover – FDA – Meatless Wednesdays
– Public Opinion• Committee on Public Information (CPI) – causes/nature
• George Creel – sell the war to America (75 million + informative bytes to the American public
How to mobilize?
• Muh naaaa
• Build and Army duh
• Introducing George Creel
What was the job of George Creel during the war?
• His job was to sell America the war.
• Creel tried to “whip” up support for Wilson’s ideas
• Help US raise money to fight
Opposition and it’s Consequences
• Evading the draft
• NAWSA
• Espionage Act
• CPI. No not CSI – CPI
• Oh wait, there is sooooooooooo much more
• WHAT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Council of National Council of National DefenseDefense
Council of National Council of National DefenseDefense War Industries Board War Industries Board
Bernard BaruchBernard Baruch
Food Administration Food Administration Herbert HooverHerbert Hoover
Fuel Administration Fuel Administration Daylight savingsDaylight savings
War Labor PoliciesWar Labor Policies Set wages, hours, & working conditionsSet wages, hours, & working conditions
National War Labor Board National War Labor Board William Howard Taft William Howard Taft
Changes to American Society
• Women get their chance to show their metal
• As things change, some things remain the same
• Oh my migration patterns again (wink,wink). What were those Mexicans up to.
American Society• Women gain new opportunities
– “vital to the war effort” Men are gone who is going to do the work
• African Americans– Great Migration – north – land of hope
(CLE)– JOBS JOBS JOBS – Chicago Defender
• Mexican Americans– South and West– JOBS JOBS JOBS– Barrios began popping up all over the
California’s Imperial Valley
Hrruy UP we aer amlost dnoe
• List the reasoning behind the US entrance into WWI.
• Explain the effect that the country’s entrance into WWI had on politics, the economy, and people’s attitudes at home.
Next time
• Read Chapter 10 section 3&4
• Chapter 9-10 test will be 11/8 (blue) 11/9 (gold)
• WWI in Pictures