World War I BeginsWorld War I Begins

“The world must be made safe for “The world must be made safe for democracy”democracy”

Chapter 19 Section 1Chapter 19 Section 1

Terms and NamesTerms and Names

Militarism Militarism Central PowersCentral Powers

Allies Allies Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archduke Franz Ferdinand

““no man’s land” no man’s land” trench warstrench wars

LusitaniaLusitania Zimmermann noteZimmermann note

Long Term Causes of World War ILong Term Causes of World War I

NationalismNationalism

ImperialismImperialism

MilitarismMilitarism

System of AlliancesSystem of Alliances

To remember the causes . . . To remember the causes . . .

Think Think MAINMAIN

MMilitarismilitarism

System ofSystem of AAllianceslliances

IImperialismmperialism

NNationalismationalism

NationalismNationalism

National interests and National interests and unity should be placed unity should be placed ahead of global ahead of global cooperationcooperation

Foreign affairs should be Foreign affairs should be guided by national self - guided by national self - interestsinterests

France and Germany France and Germany competed for European competed for European leadershipleadership

Russia and Hungary – Austria Russia and Hungary – Austria competed for influence over competed for influence over SerbiaSerbia

Poland wanted to be Poland wanted to be independentindependent

ImperialismImperialism

Taking over weaker Taking over weaker territories for military / territories for military / political and economic political and economic reasonsreasons

As Germany became more As Germany became more industrialized, they competed industrialized, they competed with France and Britain for with France and Britain for colonies that supplied raw colonies that supplied raw materialsmaterials

MilitarismMilitarism

Militarism – the Militarism – the development of armed development of armed forces and their use as a forces and their use as a tool of diplomacytool of diplomacy

German MilitarismGerman Militarism Germany was the Germany was the strongest nation on the strongest nation on the European continentEuropean continent• Set up an army reserveSet up an army reserve• Drafted and trained the young men Drafted and trained the young men

Kaiser Wilhelm II decided Kaiser Wilhelm II decided to increase Germany’s to increase Germany’s navynavy as well as well

The Naval RaceThe Naval Race

Great Britain had the most Great Britain had the most powerful navy in the worldpowerful navy in the world

Soon other countries began Soon other countries began to compete in navy strength to compete in navy strength and sizeand size

The Alliance SystemThe Alliance System

Countries signed treaties Countries signed treaties that committed them to that committed them to support one another if they support one another if they faced attackfaced attack

Formed two major groupsFormed two major groups•the the Triple Entente (the Triple Entente (the Allies)Allies)

•the the Triple AllianceTriple Alliance

The Triple EntenteThe Triple EntenteFranceFranceGreat BritainGreat BritainRussiaRussia

The Triple AllianceThe Triple AllianceGermanyGermany

Austria–HungaryAustria–Hungary ItalyItaly

An An Assassination Leads to WarAssassination Leads to War

June 28, 1914June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz FerdinandArchduke Franz Ferdinand The The archduke and his wife archduke and his wife

were shotwere shot by a member by a member

of the Black Handof the Black Hand

Gavrilo PrincipGavrilo Princip

Belonged to a Belonged to a secret society secret society (The Black Hand)(The Black Hand)

Wanted to unite Wanted to unite all Serbs under all Serbs under one governmentone government

The The assassination started assassination started a diplomatic crisisa diplomatic crisis

Austria – Hungary Austria – Hungary declared war against declared war against SerbiaSerbia

The The alliance system pulled alliance system pulled the other nations intothe other nations into the the “bright, brisk little “bright, brisk little warwar”.”.

The War BeginsThe War Begins

Austria HungaryAustria Hungary SerbsSerbs

RussiaRussia

GermanyGermany FranceFrance

Great Britain Great Britain

The Fighting StartsThe Fighting Starts

Germany invaded Belgium on Germany invaded Belgium on August 4, 1914August 4, 1914

The British and French were The British and French were unable to save Belgium and unable to save Belgium and retreated to the Marne River in retreated to the Marne River in FranceFrance

France stopped the German France stopped the German troops in September 1914troops in September 1914

No Man’s LandNo Man’s Land

By Spring 1915 two lines of trenches By Spring 1915 two lines of trenches went across northern and eastern went across northern and eastern FranceFrance..

German soldiers occupied one line, Allied German soldiers occupied one line, Allied soldiers on the soldiers on the

other.other.The The landland betweenbetween waswas

calledcalled ““no man’s no man’s

landland””

American NeutralityAmerican Neutrality

In In 19141914, most , most American’s did American’s did not want to get involvednot want to get involved in in the war the war

American immigrants American immigrants sympathized with their countriessympathized with their countries

The war was opposed by The war was opposed by socialists and pacifistssocialists and pacifists

Sympathy for the AlliesSympathy for the Allies Common ancestryCommon ancestry with with

EuropeEurope Economic tiesEconomic ties with the Allies with the Allies The The Allies needed war Allies needed war

suppliessupplies from America from America

The British BlockadeThe British Blockade

Great Britain used their naval Great Britain used their naval power to power to create a blockade create a blockade along the German coastalong the German coast

The blockade The blockade stopped stopped weapons, other military weapons, other military goods and food from getting goods and food from getting throughthrough

Germany sufferedGermany suffered without their without their supplies and eventually supplies and eventually famine famine came over the countrycame over the country

Over Over 750,000 Germans 750,000 Germans starved to deathstarved to death as a result of as a result of the blockadethe blockade

German U-Boat ResponseGerman U-Boat Response

U-boat (U-boat (unterseeboot)unterseeboot) - - submarinesubmarine

German reply - German reply - any ships any ships found in the waters found in the waters around Britain would be around Britain would be sunk by a U-boatsunk by a U-boat

The German blockade was The German blockade was less successful than the less successful than the British blockadeBritish blockade

Americans were outraged Americans were outraged when they saw their ships when they saw their ships sinkingsinking

Opinion towards Germany Opinion towards Germany and the Central Powers and the Central Powers turned negativeturned negative

The Sinking of the The Sinking of the LusitaniaLusitania

May 7, 1915May 7, 1915 A U-boat sank a British ocean A U-boat sank a British ocean

linerliner

off the coast of Ireland off the coast of Ireland 1,198 people were 1,198 people were

killedkilled 128 were American128 were American

German defense – there German defense – there was ammunition on the was ammunition on the boatboat

Americans were outraged – Americans were outraged – called it murdercalled it murder

The United States Remains The United States Remains NeutralNeutral

Wilson ruled out military Wilson ruled out military responseresponse

Germany Germany attacked 2 more attacked 2 more ocean linersocean liners

Germany Germany would continue would continue attacking ocean liners unless attacking ocean liners unless the British withdrew their the British withdrew their blockadeblockade

Neutrality CollapsesNeutrality Collapses

Wilson is re-elected in Wilson is re-elected in 19161916

Attempts to end the war Attempts to end the war

1. Peace without victory1. Peace without victory

2.2. League for PeaceLeague for Peace

Germany replied that they Germany replied that they will sink all ships in British will sink all ships in British waterswaters

The Zimmermann NoteThe Zimmermann Note

From German foreign minister to From German foreign minister to the German ambassador in the German ambassador in MexicoMexico

Intercepted by the BritishIntercepted by the British Suggested an alliance Suggested an alliance

between Germany and between Germany and Mexico if the US gets into the Mexico if the US gets into the warwar

Other Overt ActsOther Overt Acts

Four unarmed American ships Four unarmed American ships were sunk killing 36 peoplewere sunk killing 36 people

Russia changed governments Russia changed governments making it a war of making it a war of democracies against brutal democracies against brutal monarchiesmonarchies

April 2, 1917April 2, 1917Wilson delivers war Wilson delivers war

resolutionresolution““We are glad . . . to fight . . . for the We are glad . . . to fight . . . for the

ultimate peace of the world . . .”ultimate peace of the world . . .”

The War Resolution The War Resolution

Passed in the Senate on Passed in the Senate on

April 4, 1917 April 4, 1917

Passed in the Passed in the

House of Representatives onHouse of Representatives on

April 6, 1917April 6, 1917