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World War I: A Different Kind of War. New Military Technology. Trench Warfare. Led to “war of attrition” wearing down; weakening of resistance basically – who could outlast whom?. Rapid Fire Machine Guns. Flamethrower. Poison Gas. Submarine Warfare ~ led to convoys ~. German U-boat. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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World War I:
A Different Kind of War
New Military Technology
Trench Warfare
Led to “war of attrition” wearing down;
weakening of resistance
basically – who could outlast whom?
Rapid Fire Machine Guns
Flamethrower
Poison Gas
Submarine Warfare~ led to convoys ~
German U-boat
Mines & Underwater Explosives
Air Fighting & Spying
Zeppelins
Planes
Tanks~ introduced in 1916
By 1918 could cross trenches…
…”broke the western front”
Old Methods of War + New Technology =
HIGH CASUALTIES!
MASS DESTRUCTION!
New Kind of War
First “Total War”War used to be limited and organized
In WWI, all citizens and resources were affected
Showed financial interconnectedness of the world
Nations involved from around the world
ALLIES Australia Belgium British
Colonies Canada &
New-foundland
France French North
Africa French
Colonies Great Britain Greece
CENTRAL POWERS
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria Germany Ottoman
Empire
India Italy Japan Montenegro New Zealand Portugal Romania Russia Serbia South Africa United States
Took Heroism Out of War The ends were not equal to the means
Obliterated the idea that warfare is gallant and heroic anonymous warfare
War became an entity unto itself “Neither (side) had won, nor could win, the war.
The war had won, and would go on winning.”~ Fussel, pg 13
Loss of Respect for the Enemy
Not gentlemanlyGermany was not allowed to attend the peace negotiations at the end of the war
War becomes the enemy
Forced Military Service
For the first time, men were forced to serve in the military break from tradition break from the gallantry and heroism of choosing to go to war
Use ofPropaganda
Made the war look fun
Break from non-propaganda tradition
Raised level of hatred between nation
SongsPostersPamphletsAdvertisements at movie theaters
Radio broadcastsNews releasesSpeeches
War Impacts Civilians
Civilians Put in Harm’s Way
For the first time, civilians are killed as a regular part of warfareEx: sinking of the Lusitania
Gender Role ReversalWomen work in factoriesWomen given the right to vote
Men come home from war with no jobs
Men come home from war with hysteria (shell shock)
War Impacts the Marketplace
Fixed prices
Fixed wages
Food rations “meatless Tuesdays” “wheatless Mondays and Wednesdays”
World War I:A Different Kind of War
=A Different Postwar
World
TrustVs.
Skepticism
PrideVs.
Humbleness
High Expectations
Vs.Spiritual
Depression
IdealismVs.
Realism
InnocenceVs.
Awareness
“One vast optimistic hope, leading to one
vast ironic catastrophe.”
Reversed Progress
People yearned for “Good Ole Days”
Return to isolationism“Stood too close to the fire and got burned.”
Heroism of the Common Man
Birth of a new kind of heroismOrdinary people with ordinary struggles
Heroes for just survivingGrim determination
Made the U.S. into a World Power
Government stronger
Businesses more respected
“Creditor Nation”
Reflection Writing:Letter
In your letter, discuss World War I in the perspective of someone
who is living through it…FROM:
• German soldier• U.S. soldier• British soldier• Russian soldier• ANY soldier…
• Mother of a soldier• Father of a soldier•Girlfriend of a soldier• News/military
analyst• Politician (any side)
• You choose…
TO: • ANY soldier…
• Mother• Father
• Girlfriend•Military commander• Newspaper/radio
station• Politician (any side)
• You choose…