World War IWorld War I

1914-19191914-1919

The Stage is SetThe Stage is Set

““World Peace”World Peace” NationalismNationalism Distrust and AlliancesDistrust and Alliances RivalriesRivalries

Assassination in SarajevoAssassination in Sarajevo

•Causes of War- Assassination and Causes of War- Assassination and alliancesalliances

•Germany’s Schlieffen Plan- attack Germany’s Schlieffen Plan- attack quickly against France to avoid a quickly against France to avoid a two front war with Russiatwo front war with Russia

•Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

Technology of Modern Technology of Modern WarfareWarfare

Machine gunMachine gun Zeppelins (hot air balloons)Zeppelins (hot air balloons) AirplanesAirplanes ArtilleryArtillery Poison gasPoison gas Submarines- “Undersee boats”/ “U-Submarines- “Undersee boats”/ “U-

Boats”Boats”

Total WarTotal War Economic ImpactEconomic Impact

Conscription- “the draft”Conscription- “the draft” Gov. raised taxes, borrowed Gov. raised taxes, borrowed

money, set prices, forbid strikesmoney, set prices, forbid strikes Propaganda WarPropaganda War Impact on WomenImpact on Women

War work gave a new sense of War work gave a new sense of pride and confidencepride and confidence

Revolution in Russia 1917 Collapsing Morale Russia withdraws from WWI in 1918 after

Revolution Impact on the War

With Russia out of the struggle, Germany could concentrate its forces on the Western Front

Central Powers poised for huge offensive in Spring of 1918

US Declares War, 1917US Declares War, 1917 Unrestricted v. Restricted submarine Unrestricted v. Restricted submarine

warfarewarfare Sinking of LusitaniaSinking of Lusitania

Zimmerman TelegramZimmerman Telegram Mexico would reconquer NM, AZ, and TXMexico would reconquer NM, AZ, and TX

Declaring WarDeclaring War Wilson, “war to end war”Wilson, “war to end war” Morale Boost to allied forcesMorale Boost to allied forces

German offensive, Allied counter attackGerman offensive, Allied counter attack Armistice signed 11am on Nov. 11, 1918Armistice signed 11am on Nov. 11, 1918

The Paris Peace The Paris Peace ConferenceConference

• Big Three Big Three – David Lloyd George: Britain, Georges David Lloyd George: Britain, Georges

Clemenceau: France, Woodrow Wilson: Clemenceau: France, Woodrow Wilson: USUS

• The Fourteen PointsThe Fourteen Points– #14: est. of a “League of Nations”- a #14: est. of a “League of Nations”- a

group of nations acts to preserve the group of nations acts to preserve the peace of allpeace of all•Eventually fails because it couldn’t enforce Eventually fails because it couldn’t enforce legislation (all bark and no bite)legislation (all bark and no bite)

•US congress does not ratify eventual treatyUS congress does not ratify eventual treaty

Treaty of Versailles, 1919Treaty of Versailles, 1919 Germans forced to accept full blame for Germans forced to accept full blame for

causing warcausing warReparations- payments for war damageReparations- payments for war damage

Destruction caused by war + allied soldiers Destruction caused by war + allied soldiers pensions= 30 billionpensions= 30 billion

Limited size of German military, Returned Limited size of German military, Returned Alsace-Lorraine valley to France, & stripped Alsace-Lorraine valley to France, & stripped Germany of overseas coloniesGermany of overseas colonies

Draws new national lines creating new Draws new national lines creating new nationsnationsLatvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland,

Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia (dominated by Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia (dominated by Serbia), Austria and Hungary separatedSerbia), Austria and Hungary separated

Widespread DissatisfactionWidespread DissatisfactionItaly, Japan, RussiaItaly, Japan, Russia