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World War I
“The Great War”--the war to end all wars--
1914-1918Ch. 14.3 & 16.1-3
Unit 4#19
Unit 4 - Study Guide & Important Dates
+25 points added on to Unit 4 Test
Honors Classes --- +20pts on Test
Unit 4 Quiz – Wed, Nov. 26th
Major Unit Homework – regular & honors
WWI Posters – Tues, Nov. 25th
‘All Quiet’ – Mon, Dec. 1st
Unit 4 WWI Test – Dec. 3 & 4
All Quiet on the Western Front-US History Honors-
Erich Maria Remarque – Author(Remark) Motion Pictures 1930/1977/NOW
Book – 1929
Banned & Burned in NAZI Germany
Chapters -- 11 – Remember your #
War Is HELL !!
German Soldier at Verdun
WW I – More people died in one battle than in our entire Civil War
Four Main Causes of WW I1) Nationalism – Strong feelings people have for
their own country
Americans feeling when watching Olympics:
Michael Phelps wins Gold
“Extreme Pride for your own country”
Europe was a small place
with many Developed
& Competing Countries
Aggressive Nationalism
2) Imperialism – The struggle or competition
for colonies around the world
3) International RivalriesThe nations of Europe wanted to weaken their rivals
and strengthen alliances
• Many countries in a small location
• Build Armies for Defense & Strength
• This leads to a great “Arms Race”
Example
1) Germany’s new navy challenged
Britain's long standing naval supremacy
2) Germany’s disciplined army scared its neighbors France & Russia
The Dreadnought Battleship-the most powerful war machine on earth
• Br. Started building & Gr. quickly followed
• Started the “Arms Race”
Militarism & Arms Race
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
1910-1914 Increase in Defense
Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany 73%
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger.,
A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]
in millions
4) System of Alliances• Attempt by each country to gain security through
alliances
tried to find – “Balance of Power”
• Many Alliances were done in secrecy
- other countries didn’t know what side you were on
“entangling alliances”Two Main Alliances
1) Triple Entente – GB,FR,Russia (Allies)
2) Central Powers – GR, Aust.-Hun.
Ottoman Empire
The Major Players: 1914-17
Nicholas II
[Rus]
George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Allied Powers:
Franz Josef [A-H]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
Central Powers:
Enver Pasha
[O.E/Turkey]
Victor Emmanuel
II [It]
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
The
“Powder Keg”
of Europe
Russia
A-H
Ottomans
All wanted
control
The “Spark”That Starts the
Great War
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His
Family – Heir to throne in A-H
The Assassination/ Sarajevo
The Assassin: Gavrilo PrincipSerbian Nationalist
Wanted to free the
Slavic people in A-H
-Liberate the Balkans
Who’s To Blame?
Chain of Events Take PlaceCanvas-overview of the war
• A-H declares war on Serbia/ July 28, 1914
• Russia comes to the aid of Serbia
• Germany declares war on Russia & Fr.
• Britain stays neutral until Gr. Attacks Belgium/Fr.
• Italy is drawn in by Allies – land from A-H
The USA – Neutral until 1917
German Women Factory Workers
European Countries Mobilizefor War
French Women Factory Workers
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
France Germany Russia Britain
Mil
lio
ns
Soldiers Mobilized
New French Recruits
The Schlieffen Plan
GR. Attacks Fr. Through Belgium
August 4, 1914
Two Front War Developsin Europe
1) Eastern FrontGr. & A-H push deep into Russia - then slows
2) Western FrontGr. Attacks France through Belgium
1st Battle of the Marne
- Allies stop the Gr. Offensive just outside of Paris as the attack bogs down
Trench War – Stalemate (attack-retreat)
No Man’s Land / “Going Over the Top”
German trenches
Major Trench Battles in WWI
1) Battle of Verdun (Feb-July 1916)
A sacred place for the French
“Battle of Attrition”
1 million men – killed/wounded/missing
2) Battle of the Somme (July-Nov 1916)
started to take pressure off of Verdun
60,000 Br. Casualties in one day
1 million killed
Somme Battlefield MapVerdun is slightly south
The Somme – July, 1916
e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”
Europe in 1914
Trench with French soldiers
German remains at Verdun
Dead French soldiers in the Argonne
The Western Front by 1916
The Central Powers end up Fighting a Two Front War
Fighting Took place in the
Colonies too - Africa
British Sikh
Mountain Gunners
Black Soldiers in the
German Schutztruppen
[German E. Africa]
T. E. Lawrence (of Arabia)
& the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18
Sacrifices of Soldiers in War
Development of Pilates
• Joseph Pilates – Born in Germany
• Wanted to help injured soldiers regain confidence & control of their lives after suffering debilitating injuries on the Front
• This became the core strengthening workout used today
The Shell-Shattered Area of Chateau Wood, Flanders
Scene in the trenches
Looking out from the entrance of a A A ACaptured Pill-Box on the Shell
Ravaged Battlefield
Weapons of WarThe Great War saw destruction on the
field of battle like never before1) Old-Fashioned Strategies
2) New Technologies
(On the next slides note many new technologies of the War)
German U-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
Poison Gas Attacks
The three main types of Poison Gas – don’t write down
Chlorine - a greenish, yellow heavier than air gas which in its
pure form is an oxidizing agent. This means that it will react in the presence of water to cause a chemical burning effect on organic matter.
Phosgene - a colorless, odorless, heavier than air gas formed
by heating carbon tetrachloride. It is highly poisonous in that it will preferentially replace oxygen in the cells and quickly causes an oxygen debt within the body, unconsciousness and death.
Mustard gas - gas with a distinctive mustard smell, it causes
blistering and huge sores on any exposed tissue, internal or external.
Effects of Mustard Gas
Gas attack seen from an airplane
Gas masks for man and horse demonstrated by American soldier
America never used poison gas on our enemies
Russians fighting while under gas attack
Machine Gunsshoot thousands of bullets per minute
German machine gun trench
Barbed Wire
Flamethrowers
Phosphorus Grenade Exploding
Periscope Rifle
Krupp 420mm howitzer
Krupp railroad gun “Big Bertha”-named after his wife / hard to locate on rail / could shoot
over 60 miles from behind German Lines
British Mark I tank
French Renault Tank
The Zeppelin
The Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta”
Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
Curtis-Martin
U. S. Aircraft Plant
The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie
Rickenbacher, US
Francesco
Barraco, It.
Rene Pauk
Fonck, Fr.
Manfred von
Richtoffen, Ger.
[The {Red Baron}”]
Willy Coppens de
Holthust, Belg.
Eddie “Mick”
Mannoch, Br.
Looking for the “Red Baron”
'Who are they? What are they?' asked Sam shuddering, turning to Frodo. 'I don't
know,' said Frodo in a dreamlike voice. 'But I have seen them too. In the pools
when the candles were lit. They lie in all the pools, pale faces, deep under the dark
water. I saw them: grim faces and evil, and noble faces and sad. Many faces proud
and fair. But all foul, all rotting, all dead. A fell light is in them.' Frodo hid his eyes
in his hands. 'I know not who they are…'
"Yes, yes,' said Gollum. 'All dead, all rotten…There was a great battle long ago....‘
- J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings
The Cause of the First World War& Map - Homework
• Answer the 10 Questions
• Include the 6 Questions from the WWI Map
WW I – Film
Identify the following from the film :1. Otto Dix
2. “The Furnace”- The Battle of Verdun
3. Pals
4. The Battle of the Somme
5. Motion Picture – The Battle of the Somme
Otto Dix / German Soldier turned artist