World War and Republican World War and Republican FranceFrance

The second phase of the The second phase of the French RevolutionFrench Revolution

Chapter 18 section 3Chapter 18 section 3

The second revolutionThe second revolutionDefeats on the battlefield and economic Defeats on the battlefield and economic problems at home led to problems at home led to radical radical changeschanges– July 1792: July 1792: Sans-Culottes Sans-Culottes combined with combined with

radical radical JacobinsJacobins (Georges Danton and (Georges Danton and Maximillian Robespierre)Maximillian Robespierre) known as the known as the Mountain to complete the “second Mountain to complete the “second revolution”revolution”

August 1792: the King and his family under August 1792: the King and his family under house arresthouse arrest

– September 21September 21stst 1792 France is declared a 1792 France is declared a RepublicRepublic

RepublicanRepublican France France

The The National Convention National Convention draws up draws up the new Republican Constitution the new Republican Constitution September 21September 21stst 1792 1792

Jacobins split over Louis fateJacobins split over Louis fate– The Girondins more moderateThe Girondins more moderate– The Mountain call for the kings death The Mountain call for the kings death

(Robespierre)(Robespierre)– The Mountain wins and on January 21, The Mountain wins and on January 21,

1793 Louis XVI put to death for treason 1793 Louis XVI put to death for treason by one vote (Marie unanimous)by one vote (Marie unanimous)

Robespierre

Danton

The course of the warThe course of the war

By Sept. 1792 the war was going better By Sept. 1792 the war was going better for France and they invaded into the for France and they invaded into the German statesGerman states– However in February 1793 Great Britain and However in February 1793 Great Britain and

Spain became more involved against FranceSpain became more involved against FranceWhy?Why?

Timeline 1789Timeline 1789JuneJune

JulyJuly

AugustAugust

OctoberOctober

Timeline 1792/1793Timeline 1792/179317921792

April 20April 20

JulyJuly

AugustAugust

September 21September 21stst

17931793

JanuaryJanuary

FebruaryFebruary

June June

The Committee of Public SafetyThe Committee of Public Safety

June 2, 1793 the Mountain June 2, 1793 the Mountain seized power by arresting 31 seized power by arresting 31 GirondistsGirondists

The Committee of Public The Committee of Public Safety formed to deal with the Safety formed to deal with the emergency of war (resistance emergency of war (resistance outside Paris)outside Paris)

Will execute between 30,000 Will execute between 30,000 and 40,000 in one yearand 40,000 in one year

New idealsNew idealsThe promises of the Declaration of the Rights of The promises of the Declaration of the Rights of Man were forgotten. Terror was the order of the Man were forgotten. Terror was the order of the day. In the words of Maximilian Robespierre, day. In the words of Maximilian Robespierre, "Softness to traitors will destroy us all” "Softness to traitors will destroy us all”

If the spring of popular government in time of If the spring of popular government in time of peace is virtue, the springs of popular peace is virtue, the springs of popular government in revolution are at once government in revolution are at once virtue virtue and terror: and terror: virtue, without which terror is fatal; virtue, without which terror is fatal; terror, without which virtue is powerless. terror, without which virtue is powerless. Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible...severe, inflexible...

Total warTotal war

France was now able to harness the France was now able to harness the power of terror, a planned economy and power of terror, a planned economy and nationalism in a total war effort nationalism in a total war effort (emergency socialism)(emergency socialism)– France implemented a draft of all France implemented a draft of all

unmarried menunmarried men– 14 armies of over 1 million soldiers14 armies of over 1 million soldiers

The Thermidorian reactionThe Thermidorian reaction

While the army became more successful the While the army became more successful the Committee of Public Safety became more strictCommittee of Public Safety became more strict

People were now less willing to accept the People were now less willing to accept the dictatorship of the Committeedictatorship of the Committee– March 1794 they begin to execute many of their March 1794 they begin to execute many of their

own (Danton in April)own (Danton in April)– On 9 Thermidor (July 27On 9 Thermidor (July 27thth) Robespierre was ) Robespierre was

shouted down and executed the following dayshouted down and executed the following day– The revolution was back in the hands of the middle The revolution was back in the hands of the middle

classclass

The DirectoryThe Directory

Middle class government that ended price Middle class government that ended price controls (conditions for the poor get worse)controls (conditions for the poor get worse)

New constitution was deigned to protect the New constitution was deigned to protect the political and economic superiority of the political and economic superiority of the middle classmiddle class– The population voted for electors (men of means) The population voted for electors (men of means)

who would then select members of a legislative who would then select members of a legislative assembly. The assembly then chose a 5 man assembly. The assembly then chose a 5 man board to serve as the executive branchboard to serve as the executive branch

– Eventually becomes a weak dictatorshipEventually becomes a weak dictatorship