World War 2

Ambitious Advances

and

Bloody Battles

Rise of Totalitarian RegimesBy 1930s totalitarian regimes

emerged in Russia, Italy, Germany, Japan

All four wanted to expand

territory & power in

their sphere

Hitler Learns LessonsJapan-1931 invaded & took over

Manchuria; League of Nations condemned Japan but did nothing else. 1937 invaded China for valuable ports

Italy-1935 Mussolini invaded & took over Ethiopia; League of Nations sanctioned (stop trade), but sanction was ineffective

Hitler Learns Lessons

Germany-Hitler sees League of Nations do nothing to stop them

In 1936, Spain had Civil War between Fascist Francisco Francisco FrancoFranco & Spanish who wanted democracy; Germany assisted Franco & used war as opportunity to “practice” air-raid bombings

Vehemently Violating VersaillesHitler wanted lebensraum

(living space) for GermansMarch 1936 moves troops

into RhinelandRhinelandMarch 1938 invades

AustriaAustria & makes it part of GermanyWestern countries & League of

Nations do nothing (appeasementappeasement—agreeing to demands to avoid war)

Salivating over the Sudetenland Germans were living in part of

Czechoslovakia, so Hitler demands Sudetenland

Sept 1938 Munich Conference—compromise reached: Germany takes Sudetenland, but no more

Salivating over the SudetenlandBritish Prime Minister Neville

Chamberlain says Europe has avoided war (but he’s wrong)

March 1939 Hitler breaks Munich Agreement & takes all of Czechoslovakia

Enemies Become Allies??Stalin & Hitler do not like each other;

Stalin has warned West about Hitler, but West does not trust Stalin either, SO…

August 1939-Nazi- Soviet Pact—USSR will not attack Germany & will divide Poland

World War 2 BeginsSept 1, 1939—Germany invades

PolandSept 3, 1939—England & France

declare war on Germany, but do not fight Germany for 8 months (time period known as Phony War)

World War 2 BeginsBlitzkrieg-“lightening war”-fast,

efficient attacks used by Germans; quickly take Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Finland, Denmark, Norway

West slow to arm, have old weapons; Hitler has new weapons

Chamberlain resigns; Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister

Fall of FranceFrench built

Maginot Line after WW1, but had gap near Belgium

June 1940— Germans go around Maginot Line & take Paris

Fall of FranceFrance split:

1.Nazis occupy northern France2.Hitler creates Vichy Vichy

governmentgovernment in South France (French leaders who work with Nazis)

3.Free France—rebels led by Charles de Charles de GaulleGaulle fought Nazis from England

Battle of BritainEngland only allied country left; Hitler

felt would surrenderGerman air force

bombed England for 8 straight months; England held off Germans

Hitler Turns on StalinHitler felt USSR would provide

enough living space for Germans; led surprise attack in June 1941 & pushed close to Moscow; but…

Stalin used scorched- earth policy to stop Germans; USSR counter- attacked

Meanwhile...July 1940-Italy declared war on

England & France; attacked Egypt

Dec 1941-Japan attacked Indochina. US responded to attack by banning sale of scrap iron to Japan

Pearl HarborJapan mad at US for interfering with

expansionDec 7, 1941—Japan

bombed Pearl HarborPearl Harbor (Hawaii); US declared war on Japan

1942-Tide TurnsBattle of the Atlantic—Allied forces

defeat Axis submarines & battleshipsStalingrad—German army was held &

forced to surrender to RussiansEl Alamein, Egypt-

Allies defeated Rommel’s desert forces in North Africa

Invading ItalyJuly 1943—Allies attack ItalyItalian king Victor Emmanuel III

had Mussolini jailed; Italy surrendered

V-E DayD-Day—June 6, 1944—Allies

invaded Nazi-held France at Normandy & marched towards Germany

V-E DaySoviets attacked Germany from

east; fought to Berlin by April 1945

May 7, 1945- V-E Day (Victory in Europe)

Germany

surrenders

Map #1: Ambitious AdvancesMap #1: Ambitious AdvancesWith 1 color, identify Axis expansion and

Axis military victories; with another color identify Allied advances and military victories

Create a key that explains your symbols & color code

Identify, date, and label the following: invasions of Rhineland, Austria, Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia, Poland, & Eastern Europe; Attacks on France, England, & Russia

Map #2: Allied Counter-StrikeMap #2: Allied Counter-StrikeWith 1 color, identify Axis expansion and

Axis military victories; with another color identify Allied advances and military victories

Create a key that explains your symbols & color code

Identify, date, and label the following: Battle of the Atlantic, Stalingrad, El Alamein, invasion of Italy, invasion of Normandy & push to Germany, Soviet push to Berlin in east

Below Preview, respond to ReviewReview: –Create an image that reflects

the overall importance of the following: • SudetenlandSudetenland• Munich ConferenceMunich Conference• BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg• Phony WarPhony War• D-DayD-Day