World War 1.. Converted!

8/8/2019 World War 1.. Converted!

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Prepared by:Starr Rose E. Basangan

BSN III-C


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a military conflict centered on

Europe that began in the

summer of 1914. The fightingended in late 1918.

also known as the First World

War, the Great War, theWorld War (prior to the

outbreak of World War II),

and the War to End All Wars.


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is the desire of a people to be afree nation.

Jingoism or Chauvanism isdefined as extreme patriotism inthe form of aggressive foreignpolicy and an extreme type of

nationalism.

German jingoists consideredthemselves as a superior race


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France wanted to recoverAlsace-Lorraine which it hadlost to Germany in 1871.

Serbia wanted to annex the

Austrian provinces of Bosniaand Herzegovina, both ofwhich were inhabited by Slavslike the Serbs.

The Austro-Hungarian andRussian Empires containedmany nations (Poles, Finns,Magyars, Croats, etc.)


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is the policy of extending

national power by acquiring

colonies and economicadvantages.

Germanys acquisition of

German East Africa

(Tanganyika) in 1880

angered Britain for it

prevented the construction

of Cape-to-Cairo railroad.


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Britain was worried by theGermans building of the

Berlin-Baghdad Railway.

Austrias expansion in the

Balkans aroused the hostility

of Serbia and Russia.

In the partition of Africa

(1870-1900), both Germanyand Italy were dissatisfied.

Britain and France got most

of the best colonies.


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a powerful army and

a great navy arerequired to support

nationalism and

imperialism.


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compulsary military training of

all-bodied men maintaining huge standing

armies

building strong navies and

increasing the military budgets

England had long been the

Mistress of the Seas.


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Competitions

between nations led tothe formation of two

rival alliances- Triple

Alliance (1882) andTriple Entente (1907).


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Germany

Austria

Italy

Britain

France

Russia


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First Moroccan Crisis of

1905

First Balkan Crisis of 1908

Second Moroccan Crisis of

1911 Second Balkan Crisis of

1913


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Archduke Francis Ferdinand


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The Hapsburg prince, together with his wife was

assassinated on June 18, 1914, at Saravejo, Bosnia

by a Serbian Patriot, Gavrillo Princip, a member

of the Black Hand (Serbian Secret Society.)

Gavrillo Princip


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Austria spurned Serbias offer for

the peaceful settlement of its

dispute, and promptly declared war

on July 18, 1914.

Russia rushing to Serbias aid,

mobilized its forces, Germany,

Austrias ally, declared war on July

31.

August 3, Germany declared war

on France.

Britain declared war on August 4.


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France

Russia

Britain Serbia

Austria-Hungary

Germany

Turkey Bulgaria


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They controlled the seas

They had more fightingmen

They had more natural

resources

They were fighting for

freedom

They were

geographically more

compact Their armies were better

trained for warfare

They had more capable

Generals They believed that they

were fighting for their

very existence against the

Allies


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Machine guns

Hand Grenades

Dynamite

Heavy Artillery

Armored tanks manned with

cannons and machine guns

Submarines

Flying machines

Poison gas


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Germans invaded Belgiumdisregarding Belgiansneutrality.

The Valiant Belgians, inspiredby King Albert I resisted anddelayed the German advanceat Liege.

The German advance waschecked by General Joffre in theFirst Battle of the Marne(September 1-10, 1914)


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King Albert I General Joffre


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Second Battle of Ypres (April

22-May 25, 1915.

Battle Of Somme (July 1-November 18, 1916)

Battle of Verdum (February

21-Decemver 18, 1916)


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In August 1914, Russian armies

under the command of Grand

Duke Nicholas, uncle of CzarNicholas II invaded East Prussia.

General Von Hidenburg, with

reinforcements rushed to East

Prussia. He routed the Russians inthe Battle of Tanenburg (August

26-30, 1914).


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In the spring of 1915, the Germanslaunched their offensive at the

Eastern front.

The humiliating collapse of the

Russian armies caused the

downfall of the Romanov

dynasty in March, 1917 the rise of

communism in Russia. On March3, 1918, Lenin took over power in

Russia, and abandoned the Allies.


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In October 1915, Bulgaria joined

the central powers, to avenge its

defeat by Serbia in the secondBalkan War (1913).

In 1916, Montenegro and Romania

which hand joined allies, were

conquered by the combined forcesof Austria, Germany, and Bulgaria.


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To obtain the Italian-speakingregions of Austria, Italy joined theallies in May 1915. After winning

victories in 1915-16 against theAustrians, the Italian forcessuffered a major defeat in thebattle of Caparetto (1917).

The Italians redeemed their honorby crashing the Austrians in thebattle of Vittorio Veneto (October30, 1918).


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A British French fleet launched anattack on the dardanelles inFebruary-March 1915.

An army Britishers, Australian, andNew Zealanders(including maoris)under the command of Sir IanHamilton landed at Gallipoli

Peninsula bordering theDardanelles.

This debackle of dardanelles wasthe greatest allied disaster in 1915.


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In October 1914, Britainfreed Egypt from nominalvassalage to the ottomanempire and transformed itinto a British protectorate.

Allenby capturedJerusalem in 1917 andDamascus, Beirut andAleppo in 1918.

Baghdad was alsocaptured in 1917.


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The main German fleet soughtsafety at Kiel canal.

On the evening of November 1,

1914 a German squadron underadmiral Von Spee defeated aBritish fleet under admiralCraddoc in a naval battle offthe coast Chile.

German fast cruisers, calledraiders, and submarinescalled U-boats, inflicted muchdamage to allied shipping.


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Of the hundreds of ships (allied and

neutral) sunk by German submarines,the Lusitania, a British liner, was sunk

by German torpedoes near the Irish

coast on May 7, 1915.

April 6, 1917 the united states declaredon Germany.

The greatest naval fight on the first

world war was the battle of Jutland

May 31, 1916 in the north sea

Vice Admiral David Beatty attacked

the German navy commanded by vice

admiral von spee.


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By 1917, both combatants-allies andcentral powers-were exhausted.

To make the world safe for

democracy the united statescongress, upon president WoodrowWilson's recommendation, declaredwar against German on April 6, 1917.

The American expeditionary forceunder General John Pershing, aveteran of the Moro wars in thePhilippines, was sent to France.


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President Wilson, in a speech to congress on January 8, 1918,

presented his famous fourteen points were as follows :

Open treaties among nations Freedom of the seas

Removal of economic barriers

Reduction of armaments

Adjustment of colonies in favor of the natives

Withdrawal of a foreign armies of Russia


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Establishment of free Poland

Restoration of Belgium

Return of Alsace-Lorraine to France

Liberation of turkeys subject nationalities

Liberation to the subject nationalities of the

Austro-Hungarian empire

Withdrawal of foreign troops from Montenegro,

Romania and Serbia

Annexation of Austria's Italian speaking regions toItaly

Establishment of an association of nations to keep

world peace


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The first attack waslaunched by the zeppelins,

huge German dirigibles,on London in April 1915

The greatest air battles ofthe war occurred on

March 23 & 24 1918. Several airmen won fame

as aces


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Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919) with

Germany; Treaty of St. Gernain (September

10, 1919) with Austria; Treaty of Neuilly

(November 27, 1919) with Bulgaria; treaty of

Trianon (June 4, 1920) with Hungary; and

Treaty of Sevres (August 20, 1929) with

turkey, Mustafa Kemal , who hadoverthrown the Ottoman sultan, rejected the

Sevres treaty and repulsed the allied forces

which tried to occupy turkey.


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It was drafted by the Versailles conference

composed of delegates from 32 allied nations.

Woodrow Wilson, president of the unitedstates: David Lloyd George, prime minister of

great Britain ; Georges Clemenceau, premier

of the France; and Vittorio Orlando, Premier

of Italy- Dominated the Versailles Conference.

They were know as the big four


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The war caused terrible losses in human lives and properties.

The total casualties reached 37,494,186 (of whom 8,538,315

were killed, 21,219,452 wounded, and 7,750,919 missing or

taken prisoners). The total cost of the war reached$186,000,000,000.

It brought misery and sorrow to millions of survivors,

including war orphans and windows.

It disrupted world economy because ravages on agriculture,industries,transportaion,and finances of many nations.

It brought about the downfall of four world empires-

German Empires, Austro- Hungarian Empire, Russian

Empire, and Ottoman Empire(turkey)


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It gave birth to many new republics ineurope- Weimar Republic (German) Austria,

Hungary, turkey, Czeckhoslovakia, Poland,

Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

It failed to bring lasting peace in the world.

The cruel terms of the Versailles treaty

embittered Germany.

Thus ,The war sowed the seeds of another global

conflict.

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World War 1.. Converted!