World Steel - Providing the Basis for LCA Studies 6 April 2011

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worldsteel: providing the basis for LCA studiesClare Broadbent, 6th April 2011


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Contents

Life cycle thinking in the context of sustainability

What is Life Cycle Assessment? worldsteel LCA data collection and results

Steel and recycling

Steel and other materials The use of worldsteel data

worldsteels role in promoting life cycle thinking

A sustainable multi-material world


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Life Cycle Thinking:Key to every aspect

of Sustainability


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What is Life Cycle Assessment?

LCA models the complex interaction between a productand the environment, from cradle to grave

Goal and ScopeDefinition

Interpretation

Inventory

Analysis

ImpactAssessment

Consider the full life cycle of steel

The results can demonstrate

How green steel is compared to other materials

Where improvements can be made to make steel greener

ISO 14040/44


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Data is externally available for 14 steel products

worldsteel co-ordinated project

Data is collected from steel producers, on a site-by-site basis,

and on a process-by-process basis e.g. Coke, Sinter, BF, BOF, EAF, Rolling, Coating, Pipe making etc

The data shows all inputs and outputs for each of the processes

e.g. Power, fuels, coal, iron ore, scrap, limestone, water, alloys etc.

e.g. air emissions, water emissions, waste, recovered materials etc Data is modelled in LCA software, GaBi

Average product specific data is generated and is available foruse by all members: represents 1 tonne of product

worldsteel LCI data


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Emissions throughout the life cycle

Avoided emissions for

end of life recycling

Steel industry responsibility

Raw materials and electricity

Global Warming Potential, kg CO2-e

Upstream emissions

Site (scope 1)

Recycling credit

Sections Hot Rolled Coil Hot Dip Galvanised


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-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

On-site (Scope 1) Upstream

Recycling credit (85%) Cradle to gate including recycling

Life Cycle Contributions

Primary Energy Demand, MJ per kg steel



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06 April 2011 9Sections Hot Rolled Coil Hot Dip Galvanised

Emissions to water HCl / HFl H2S SO2 NOx Ammonia


Crude Oil Hard Coal Natural Gas Uranium Renewables Lignite

Contribution analysis

Fuels contributing to PED GHGs contributing to GWP


Carbon dioxide Methane Others

Acidification potential


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-2

-1

0

1

2

BOF Slab EAF Slab

GWP for Slab Production

kg CO2-e per kg of slab production

1kg Slab Scrap input burden Scrap recycling 1kg slab includingcredit (80%) recycling


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Steel leads on Recycling

We know that:

Steel can be indefinitely recycled with no loss in inherentproperties

Steel is the most recycled material

Steel is the easiest material to recycle > 20 billion tonnes of steel scrap has been recycled

For every tonne of steel recycled, this saves:

1.5 tonnes CO2-e

1.4 tonnes iron ore 13 GJ primary energy

Recycling rates for steel applications are typically very high:

> 95% for automotive > 80% for buildings

~ 70% for packaging


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Steel

Aluminium

Concrete

Carbon FRP

Wood

PET

GHG emissions (kg CO2-e per kg material)

But:

Never compare kg / kg

Always compare afunctional unit

1 litre coke

Car, lifetime 200,000km

Building, 50 years

Driving distance


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LCA of columns

27%

14%

100%

0

10

20

30

40

5060

70

80

90

100

Steel S235 Steel S460 Concrete

s

k=3.5m

Weight

Global Warming Potential

Primary EnergyConsumption

83%

43%

100%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


110%

57%

100%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120


From ArcelorMittal


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0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Requests from:

Consultants

Academia Industry Database providers

~ 50 countries

Requests for worldsteel data

The demand for worldsteel LCI data for steel products is increasing

Requests for:

Buildings Packaging Household/furniture Transport Machines

Bridges Carbon Automotive Databases Steel manufacturing Product design


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worldsteel Promoting Life Cycle Thinking

Board member of the UNEP SETAC Life CycleInitiative Project on material decision making tools

Development of global guidance on LCA databases European Commission LCA development

WRI and WBCSD GHG protocol corporate andproduct standards

Development of ISO standards water footprint

carbon footprint

packaging and the environment

Promoting the recyclability of steel and LCA benefits

All market sectors are covered


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A sustainable multi-material world

Steel is not always the answer

But steel is a key material In material decision making:

Use good quality data

Avoid shifting burdens by focusing only on one life cyclephase, e.g. use phase

Follow a full life cycle approach

From cradle to grave, including recycling

Including impacts other than GHG emissions


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Cover photo by Daniel Rodrguez Molowny

Clare Broadbent

Manager, Life Cycle [email protected]

+32 2 702 89 32

Documents

World Steel - Providing the Basis for LCA Studies 6 April 2011