World Petroleum CouncilWorld Petroleum Council

Dr Pierce Riemer – Director General Dr Pierce Riemer – Director General

The Problem of Climate Change and Carbon Storage as a SolutionThe Problem of Climate Change and Carbon Storage as a Solution

Energy Solutions Conference – Houston 2008 Energy Solutions Conference – Houston 2008

The Risk / InsuranceThe Risk / Insurance

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

1990 The unequivocal detection of the enhanced greenhouse effect from observations is unlikely for a decade or more.1995… the balance of evidence … suggests a discernable human influence on global climate.

2001 There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.

2007 Warming of the climate system is unequivocal. It is very likely that anthropogenic greenhouse gas increases caused most of the observed increase.

The Risk / InsuranceThe Risk / Insurance

>95% Chance

The Western View of the WorldThe Western View of the World

1960 population – 3 Billion1960 population – 3 Billion

2050 population - 9 Billion2050 population - 9 Billion

India

China

Energy Use – What do we do today?Energy Use – What do we do today?

Oil

87m bblsEverything

244m bbls

The Price of OilThe Price of Oil

1999 2008

Six Hard TruthsSix Hard Truths

Over the next 50 years

World energy use will increase Population will increase >70% of our primary energy will be provided by fossil

fuels Easy oil is gone There will be increased coal consumption There will be increased emissions

The Kaya EquationThe Kaya Equation

CO2 emissions = Carbon content of the energy X Energy intensity

of economy X Production per person X Population

In English In English

The Greenhouse Gas MapThe Greenhouse Gas Map

Two Solutions – Reduce DemandTwo Solutions – Reduce Demand

Use less energy

Low energy applications

Mass transitEfficient buildings

Two Solutions – Reduce EmissionsTwo Solutions – Reduce Emissions

Switch Fuels

Natural gas

Renewable

Bio fuels

Nuclear

Carbon capture and storage

Use existing fossil fuel infrastructure in a cleaner way

Over the next 50 YearsOver the next 50 Years

Energy efficiencyNuclear - security and diversity Develop a sustainable low CO2 alternative

Develop talentCarbon capture and storage (CCS)CCS has the greatest potential

The potential role of CCS to 2100 – an exampleThe potential role of CCS to 2100 – an example

Source: IPCC SRCCS, 2005

-

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

2005 2020 2035 2050 2065 2080 2095

Emis

sion

s (M

tCO

2pe

r yea

r)

Conservation and Energy EfficiencyRenewable Energy

Nuclear

Coal to Gas SubstitutionCCS

Allowable Emissions for WRE 550

Emissions to the atmosphere

MiniCAM

Overview of COOverview of CO2 2 capture systemscapture systems

Storing COStoring CO2 2 in underground geological formationsin underground geological formations

The US COThe US CO22-for-enhanced-Oil-Recovery network-for-enhanced-Oil-Recovery network

The Sleipner offshore COThe Sleipner offshore CO22-injection project-injection project

This CCS, 1 million tons/yr CO2-injection project has now been operating successfully for 12 years. CO2 extracted from natural gas

It has played a role in starting off many R&D projects on storage safety and related topics

It has inspired later CCS-projects as well as helped progress the necessary conditions for further expansion (e.g. London Convention, EU ETS)

The Sleipner The Sleipner COCO22-injection and R&D-injection and R&D

Left: Seismic from 1994 (before injection start) to 2006.

Right: Modelling results for dissolution of CO2 in the formation brine

The Weyburn-Midale projectThe Weyburn-Midale project

The world’s first trans-border pipeline crossing from USA to Canada The illustration to the right shows how CO2 and water are injected

alternating (WAG) in order to get more oil out of this reservoir Simultaneous CO2-for EOR and CO2-storage for climate change reasons

EnCana injecting 7000 tonnes/day (Weyburn) and Apache injecting 1800 tonnes/day (Midale), for a total of about 3 million tons/yr

ReginaRegina

EstevanEstevan

BismarckBismarck

North DakotaNorth DakotaMontanaMontana

ManitobaManitoba

CanadaCanada

USAUSA

WeyburnWeyburn

BeulahBeulah

SaskatchewanSaskatchewan

The In Salah COThe In Salah CO22 injection in the Algerian desert injection in the Algerian desert

Location map Picture of the gas processing plant Schematic illustration of CO2-injection in 3 wells Injection of about 1 million tons of CO2 per year, the CO2

extracted from natural gas

COCO22 Capture Ready Plant Capture Ready Plant

Proposed ‘capture ready’ power plant at Tilbury Courtesy RWE Npower

‘Capture Ready’

area(Site of existing

power plant)

Low hanging fruit - Capture Low hanging fruit - Capture

Low hanging fruit - transport and storage Low hanging fruit - transport and storage

The Electric Future?The Electric Future?

World Petroleum CouncilWorld Petroleum Council

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