World peace

World peaceis an ideal offreedom,peace, andhappinessamong and within all nations and/or people. World peace is an idea of planetarynon-violenceby which nations willingly cooperate, either voluntarily or by virtue of a system of governance that prevents warfare. The term is sometimes used to refer to a cessation of all hostility amongst all humanity. For example, World Peace could be crossing boundaries viahuman rights,technology,education,engineering,medicine,diplomatsand/or an end to all forms of fighting. Since 1945, theUnited Nationsand the 5 permanent members of its Security Council (the US, Russia, China, France, and the UK) have worked to resolve conflicts without war or declarations of war. However, nations have entered numerous military conflicts since that time.\

Various political ideologies[edit]World peace is sometimes claimed to be the inevitable result of a certain politicalideology."[1]Leon Trotsky, aMarxisttheorist, assumed that a proletariatworld revolutionwould lead to world peace.[2]Democratic peace theory[edit]Proponents of the controversialdemocratic peace theoryclaim that strong empirical evidence exists thatdemocraciesnever or rarely wage war against each other.[3][4][5][6]There are, however, severalwars between democraciesthat have taken place, historically.Capitalism peace theory[edit]In her essay "The Roots of War,"Ayn Randheld that the major wars of history were started by the more controlled economies of the time against the freer ones and thatcapitalismgave mankind the longest period of peace in historya period during which there were no wars involving the entire civilized worldfrom the end of the Napoleonic wars in 1815 to the outbreak ofWorld War Iin 1914, with the exceptions of theFranco-Prussian War(1870), theSpanishAmerican War(1898), and theAmerican Civil War(18601863), which notably occurred in perhaps the most liberal economy in the world at the beginning of the industrial revolution.Cobdenism[edit]Proponents ofcobdenismclaim that by removing tariffs and creating internationalfree tradewars would become impossible, because free trade prevents a nation from becomingself-sufficient, which is a requirement for long wars.However, free trade does not prevent a nation from establishing some sort of emergency plan to become temporarily self-sufficient in case of war or that a nation could simply acquire what it needs from a different nation. A good example of this isWorld War I, during which both Britain and Germany became partially self-sufficient. This is particularly important because Germany had no plan for creating aWar economy.More generally, free tradewhile not making wars impossiblecan make wars, and restrictions on trade caused by wars, very costly for international companies with production, research, and sales in many different nations. Thus, a powerful lobbyunless there are only national companieswill argue against wars.Mutual assured destruction[edit]Mutual assured destructionis adoctrineof militarystrategyin which a full-scale use ofnuclear weaponsby two opposing sides would effectively result in the destruction of both belligerents.[7][8]Proponents of the policy ofmutual assured destructionduring the Cold War attributed this to the increase in the lethality of war to the point where it no longer offers the possibility of a net gain for either side, thereby making wars pointless.