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World is so diverse
Classification
The grouping of information or objects based on similarities
We classify things all the time (creates order) Stores Lane Text Book
Classification Taxonomy branch of biology that
names and groups organisms
A good classification system Places organisms in a group with
other similar organisms
Uses names that are unique
Can change as new data is
discovered
Shows relationships between
organisms
ARISTOTLE
What is this?
Pacific spiny lobster- rock lobster-crayfish
Can get confusing. Real name is Panulirus interruptus
What is this called?
Common Names
Pill bug Sow bug Roly polies Wood lice Potato bug………..all are common names for
same bugScientific name: Armadillidium vulgare
Need for naming system
We need to be able to identify/name each species
Common names: confusing Scientific names: refer to one species
ONLY that everyone
uses
Carolus Linnaeus
Swedish botanist who devised a new classification system
This system is still used today!
The Linnaeus System
Organisms are grouped in a hierarchy of 7 different taxonomic levels or Taxons
Each organism has a two part scientific name
=Binomial Nomenclature
Linnaean System Hierarchical classification using seven
categories or taxa, listed in order from largest to smallest groupings: (Domain was later added before kingdom) Kingdom Kings Phylum Play Class Cards Order On Family Fine Genus Grained SpeciesSand
Species - a group of individuals that actually or potentially interbreed in nature
Binomial Nomenclature: Hippocampus abdominalis is the scientific name for a big belly seahorse Genus (first word)
Noun, Capitalized
Species (second word) Descriptive, Lower Case
Underlined or Italicized Humans - Homo sapiensRed Oak - Quercus rubra
Domains and Kingdoms
6 Kingdom System Archaebacteria
Bacteria
Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
3 Domain System
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes: (pro- means before, and -karyote means
nucleus) First type of cells to evolve Very small Unicellular Two Types: Archaebacteria and
Eubacteria
Prokaryote Basic Structure
Common Prokaryote Shapes
EUKARYOTES Emerged 1.6-2.1 Billion years ago
Kingdoms: Animals, Plants, Fungi, and Protists
Characteristics: Complex structure with Nucleus and Membrane-
Bound Organelles
Unicellular and Multicellular
The classification of the common dolphin is as follows:
PHYLUM: Chordata (all animals with backbones)
CLASS: Mammalia (all the mammals) ORDER: Cetacea (whales and dolphins) FAMILY: Delphinidae (dolphins and killer
whales) GENUS: Delphinus SPECIES: delphis (unique combination of
names for the common dolphin)
Some questions…
1) Which choice lists the groups in order of decreasing variety?
A. species, genus, family, phylum
B. genus, species, kingdom, phylum
C. kingdom, phylum, genus, species
Some questions…
2) Which choice is most closely related to Acer rubrum?
A. Rubrum acer
B. Acer saccharum
C. Quercus acer
D. Quercus rubrum
Some questions…
3) Which is an acceptable way to write the scientific name for humans?
A. Homo Sapiens
B. Homo Sapiens
C. homo sapiens
D. Homo sapiens
Some questions…
4) Which is true of two plants that belong in the same genus ?
A. they must be in the same family
B. they must be the same species
C. they must be the same color
D. they can't be in the same phylum
Some questions…
5) Who originated the system of binomial nomenclature ?
A. Darwin
B. Linnaeus
C. Hooke
D. Aristotle