World History/CulturesWorld History/CulturesChapter 21- The Cold WarChapter 21- The Cold WarSection 1- East West SplitSection 1- East West Split

Cold War- a state of hostility Cold War- a state of hostility without fighting between USSR without fighting between USSR & USA.& USA.

United NationsUnited Nations ReplacedReplaced League of Nations League of Nations Formed to Formed to maintainmaintain world peace world peace Could not Could not resolve problemsresolve problems

between USSR & USAbetween USSR & USA Composed of Composed of many nationsmany nations

Iron CurtainIron Curtain

Political barrierPolitical barrier that that separated Communist separated Communist Eastern Europe from non-Eastern Europe from non-Communist Western Europe.Communist Western Europe.

War Recovery Plan for EuropeWar Recovery Plan for Europe Marshall PlanMarshall Plan-- 1947 1947

• 13 billion aid from USA13 billion aid from USA• USSR refused to participate, USSR refused to participate,

against capitalismagainst capitalism• By 1951 Europe was prosperingBy 1951 Europe was prospering

European Common MarketEuropean Common Market-- 1957 1957• Trade barriers & tariffs removed Trade barriers & tariffs removed

between countriesbetween countries• Trade increased and living Trade increased and living

conditions improved.conditions improved.

Causes of the Cold WarCauses of the Cold War USSR took control of USSR took control of Eastern Eastern

EuropeanEuropean countries...became countries...became Soviet Satellites.Soviet Satellites.

USA policy of USA policy of "containment""containment" to to stop the spread of Communism.stop the spread of Communism.

New AlliancesNew Alliances

Causes of the Cold War con’tCauses of the Cold War con’t NATONATO- USA, Britain, France- USA, Britain, France

•Warsaw Pact-Warsaw Pact- USSR and USSR and satellite countriessatellite countries

•Arms RaceArms Race - competition - competition between USSR and USA to between USSR and USA to build military & nuclear build military & nuclear weapons.weapons.

Truman Doctrine-Truman Doctrine- USA promised USA promised to give military aid to nation to give military aid to nation threatened by Communism.threatened by Communism.

MAJOR EVENTS OF COLD WARMAJOR EVENTS OF COLD WAR•Berlin BlockadeBerlin Blockade•Berlin WallBerlin Wall•Korean WarKorean War•Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis•Vietnam WarVietnam War•Space RaceSpace Race

Titoism and Kennan’s ReactionTitoism and Kennan’s Reaction

Early 1948, with Josip Broz Tito in Early 1948, with Josip Broz Tito in Yugoslavia and potentially Mao in Yugoslavia and potentially Mao in China breaking with Moscow China breaking with Moscow (Russia), the US State Department (Russia), the US State Department (Acheson) and the Policy Planning (Acheson) and the Policy Planning Staff (Kennan) saw this as an Staff (Kennan) saw this as an opportunity to exploit— “attempt to opportunity to exploit— “attempt to detach it [China] from subservience detach it [China] from subservience to Moscow.”to Moscow.”

Kennan also as part of strategy to Kennan also as part of strategy to build self-confident centers of power build self-confident centers of power along Russia’s periphery with along Russia’s periphery with nationalist forces in each country. nationalist forces in each country.

BERLIN BERLIN BLOCKADEBLOCKADE

June 1948June 1948 Cause: Soviets tried to Cause: Soviets tried to

block block formationformation of the of the Federal Republic of Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). Germany (West Germany). Tried to stop development Tried to stop development of another capitalistic of another capitalistic country. country.

Event: Soviets blocked Event: Soviets blocked land access to land access to West BerlinWest Berlin so no supplies could reach so no supplies could reach West Berliners. Supplies West Berliners. Supplies liftedlifted in for 11 months. in for 11 months. Blockade lifted May 1949.Blockade lifted May 1949.

Result: Result: GermanyGermany divided divided into two separate into two separate countries. Cold War countries. Cold War tensions grew.tensions grew.

BERLIN WALL - August 1961BERLIN WALL - August 1961 Cause - People of Cause - People of East BerlinEast Berlin

fleeing to West Berlin to escape fleeing to West Berlin to escape Communism.Communism.

Event - Event - 26 mile wall26 mile wall built dividing built dividing the city.the city.

Result - Wall became a symbol of Result - Wall became a symbol of Cold WarCold War..

KOREAN WAR 1950-53KOREAN WAR 1950-53 Cause - Effort to stop Cause - Effort to stop

Communism from spreading into Communism from spreading into South KoreaSouth Korea..

Event - 1950 invasion of South Event - 1950 invasion of South Korea by North Korea. Korea by North Korea. UNUN sent sent mainly USAmainly USA soldiers to soldiers to defenddefend South Korea.South Korea.

Result - 1953 Result - 1953 trucetruce was called, was called, but South Korea taken over by but South Korea taken over by Communists.Communists.

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS 19621962Cause - Cause - SovietsSoviets secretly secretly began installing missiles in began installing missiles in Cuba. Event - USA had missiles in Cuba. Event - USA had missiles in TurkeyTurkey aimed at USSR. Soviets aimed at USSR. Soviets wanted promise that USA would wanted promise that USA would not not overthrowoverthrow Castro. Pres. Castro. Pres. Kennedy Kennedy blockadedblockaded Cuba and Cuba and Soviets removed missiles. Result Soviets removed missiles. Result - Soviets and USA recognized - Soviets and USA recognized need for better need for better relationshiprelationship..

VIETNAM WARVIETNAM WAR Cause - Cause - "Domino Theory""Domino Theory" If one If one

Southeast Asian country falls to Southeast Asian country falls to Communism; all will fall. Communism; all will fall.

Event - 1965 first ground troops Event - 1965 first ground troops arrive. 1968 US forces at arrive. 1968 US forces at 500,000. 500,000. Tet OffensiveTet Offensive, turning , turning point, US realizes they can’t point, US realizes they can’t defeatdefeat Viet Cong Communists. Viet Cong Communists. 1973 US 1973 US withdrawswithdraws. .

Result - Communism spreads Result - Communism spreads into into South VietnamSouth Vietnam..

SPACE RACESPACE RACE Cause - Cause - CompetitionCompetition between US between US

and Soviets over reaching into and Soviets over reaching into space.space.

Events - Soviets the first to put Events - Soviets the first to put up a up a spacecraft spacecraft in 1957. US first in 1957. US first to land on the moon. to land on the moon.

Result - US put a lot of money Result - US put a lot of money into space exploration. Now we into space exploration. Now we work on work on joint projectsjoint projects with with Russians.Russians.

Worldwide StruggleWorldwide Struggle 1949- Soviets exploded 1st 1949- Soviets exploded 1st

atomic bombatomic bomb 1950- Korean Conflict1950- Korean Conflict 1961- Berlin Wall1961- Berlin Wall 1960’s- Vietnam War 1960’s- Vietnam War Weapons used in Cold WarWeapons used in Cold War

• PropagandaPropaganda• ForceForce• Threat of forceThreat of force